Recent decades have witnessed a substantial growth in mega and major sporting events paralleled by an equally dramatic competition amongst countries, towns, cities and stages that eager to host the events (Bull & Lovell, 2007:229). According to Darkey and Horn (2009:77), the hosting of international mega or major sport events in particular and their related tourism activities, presents the host country and its region with a unique opportunity to boost economic growth and social development. South Africa has been the world’s stage in hosting major and mega sports events that drew the world’s attention to this developing country of Southern Africa. The legacy of the Rugby World Cup 1995, the first mega event after the democracy in South Africa in 1994, the Cricket World Cup in 2003, the FIFA Confederations Cup 2009 and the latest FIFA World Cup 2010 are few examples of the opportunities provided by major and mega events (Jago et al., 2010:221). This study was aimed at determining the local residents’ perceptions of the impacts of the Confederations Cup 2009 within the city of Tshwane, as a host city. The data collection took place two (2) months prior to the event in 2009 and it covered nine (9) areas within Tshwane. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA, and the findings indicated that in general the respondents had a neutral perception of the impacts of the Confederations Cup 2009. This study provides future event planners and managers with insight into the hosting of mega and major events in terms of local resident’s support and participation in the event.

The Silver Cup mine is about 10 miles east of Trout Lake in the Central Lardeau. From 1895 to 1915 it produced about 1.5 million oz. of silver and some lead, zinc, and gold. The problem of the paper is to study its geological setting and structural ore controls. Eastwood has shown that the mine is close to the axial plane of a major isoclinal anticline that is overturned to the southwest and plunging to the northwest. He has correlated the greenstones in the core of the anticline with the top of the Bunker Hill Group and has named the overlying black slates and phyllites Triune Formation. These two stratigraphic units were divided into three and four members respectively. The repetition of certain horizons and the trend of contacts indicates that the major anticline here has two apices separated by a tightly compressed syncline. Ninety five per cent of the production of the mine came from a zone that has a maximum length of 300 feet, a maximum width of 200 feet and has been stoped down to 1200 feet below its outcrop. Geological mapping shows that the ore is contained in openings of a structure that is a combination of a drag fold and a compressional bulge which is dipping with the host horizon to the northeast and raking steeply to the northwest. Host is the basal member of the Triune formation, a siliceous graphitic slate. Three other ore zones in the vicinity of the main zone have a similar lenticular shape and steep rake and are contained in the same member, but they are not all in the same structural position with respect to the two apices of the major anticline. These observations suggest that the mechanical properties of the host rock rather than a continuous structure such as a fault or a shear zone are responsible for the localization of ore. It is shown how the texture of the host rock, the thickness of the host member and the texture of the overlying rocks facilitate the formation of lens like openings if differential stresses are applied. Due to the steep rake of the structures, these stresses cannot be related to relative movement of outer layers towards the apices of the anticline. Their origin is not known but two hypotheses based on field evidence are offered. / Science, Faculty of / Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of / Graduate

Oskar (Osk) is a posterior body-patterning determinant in Drosophila melanogaster and is highly concentrated at the posterior pole of the oocyte. osk mRNA is translationally repressed until it reaches the posterior of the oocyte where Osk protein is made. Bruno (Bru) represses translation during osk mRNA localization by direct binding, but how Bru-mediated repression is relieved at the posterior of the oocyte is unknown. Two types of Bru protein interactions are implicated in repression of osk: Bru-Cup interaction and Bru dimerization. By mapping the Bru domains that are important for these interactions, I found that the amino-terminal domain of Bru contributes to both interactions, and deletion of this domain caused a defect in translational repression. However point mutations, within the amino-terminal domain, that disrupt both types of interaction in vitro did not interfere with translational repression in vivo. The difference may be due to other factors stabilizing the Bru-Cup interaction in vivo, as the mutant Bru still associates with Cup in vivo. My work supports the model of repression that relies on Bru interaction with Cup. I also build a new model in which Bru dimerization promotes translational activation of osk, based on my unexpected results: dimerization-defective Bru only weakly accumulated Osk::GFP fusion protein encoded by an osk::GFP reporter RNA bearing a Bru-binding region, while dimerization-competent Bru showed the opposite effect. This suggests that dimerization may contribute to switching Bru from a repressor to an activator, with dimerization controlled via a post-translational modification. Consistent with this, I found that a small fraction of Bru in ovaries is phosphorylated. PKA is a positive regulator of osk expression and phosphorylates Bru in vitro. To test if PKA regulation of osk is mediated through Bru, I examined the effect of altering PKA activity on Bru phosphorylation and Bru-mediated repression. Modulating PKA activity caused small, yet detectable changes in Bru phosphorylation and Bru-dependent translational repression using an osk::GFP reporter. However, while the studies with Bru mutants suggest that phosphorylation promotes repression by Bru, these studies argue for a role in promoting activation. Further work will be required to explain these phenomena. / text

No description available.

The magnitude and allocation of institutional athletic expenditures varies widely across NCAA divisions at the intercollegiate level. I illustrate the relationship between expenditures and institutional characteristics on overall athletic department success (i.e., Directors’ Cup scores) for NCAA Division I and Division III institutions. Specifically, using a fixed effects panel regression model I find that there is a small, positive relationship between total athletic expenditures and Directors’ Cup scores. I also show that time-varying institutional characteristics do not have a significant relationship with athletic performance. Further, my study supports the existence of a positive relationship between female athletic expenditures and Directors’ Cup scores, particularly for Division III institutions. These results provide valuable insights on the scale and distribution of resources associated with institutional achievement across genders and levels of competition in intercollegiate athletics.

acase@tulane.edu / 1 / Emily A. Lewis

<p>Sammanfattning</p><p>Syfte och frågeställningar</p><p>Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka de målchanser som skapades under cupspelet i VM 2006 och analysera vilka som var mest effektiva, d.v.s. oftast resulterade i mål och varför.</p><p>För att besvara syftet användes följande frågeställning:</p><p>• Vilka typer av målchanser leder oftast till mål och är därmed mest effektiva?</p><p>Metod</p><p>Studiens datainsamlingsmetod har varit observation av 16 fotbollsmatcher från världsmästerskapen i fotboll 2006. Matcherna är inspelade på DVD från SVT:s och TV4:s TV-sändningar. Varje målchans har analyserats och kategoriserats och förts in i ett analysschema bestående av tio kategorier. Exempel på kategorier är försvarsmisstag (målchans som uppkommer efter misstag från det försvarande laget), individuell prestation (spelare som skapar en målchans på egen hand) och fast situation (målchans som uppkommer efter hörnspark, frispark, indirekt frispark, straffspark eller inkast.).</p><p>Resultat</p><p>Totalt skapades 366 målchanser varav 31 ledde till mål. Den målchans som oftast gav mål procentuellt sett var försvarsmisstag med 20 %. Individuell prestation gav mål i 14 % av fallen och fast situation 13 %.</p><p>Slutsats</p><p>De slutsatser som går att dra av studien är att försvarsmisstag, individuell prestation och fast situation, oftast leder till flest mål procentuellt räknat. Dessa typer av målchanser är därmed de mest effektiva.</p>

Sammanfattning Syfte och frågeställningar Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka de målchanser som skapades under cupspelet i VM 2006 och analysera vilka som var mest effektiva, d.v.s. oftast resulterade i mål och varför. För att besvara syftet användes följande frågeställning: • Vilka typer av målchanser leder oftast till mål och är därmed mest effektiva? Metod Studiens datainsamlingsmetod har varit observation av 16 fotbollsmatcher från världsmästerskapen i fotboll 2006. Matcherna är inspelade på DVD från SVT:s och TV4:s TV-sändningar. Varje målchans har analyserats och kategoriserats och förts in i ett analysschema bestående av tio kategorier. Exempel på kategorier är försvarsmisstag (målchans som uppkommer efter misstag från det försvarande laget), individuell prestation (spelare som skapar en målchans på egen hand) och fast situation (målchans som uppkommer efter hörnspark, frispark, indirekt frispark, straffspark eller inkast.). Resultat Totalt skapades 366 målchanser varav 31 ledde till mål. Den målchans som oftast gav mål procentuellt sett var försvarsmisstag med 20 %. Individuell prestation gav mål i 14 % av fallen och fast situation 13 %. Slutsats De slutsatser som går att dra av studien är att försvarsmisstag, individuell prestation och fast situation, oftast leder till flest mål procentuellt räknat. Dessa typer av målchanser är därmed de mest effektiva.

Cost competitiveness is a major driving force in the semiconductor industry. The processing cost of an individual die is directly proportional to its size. Advances in processing technology have shrunk the device sizes in wire-bonded chips, resulting in a smaller die core size. However, the space below wire-bond pads remains relatively underutilized because of the reliability concern that electrical loads transmitted during bonding can cause failures in the underlying devices. Recently, studies have attempted to improve the use of space below wire-bond pads. Hence, the circuits under pads (CUP) structure modified layout rules to include circuits structure under pads, was developed, and extensive qualification work is required to meet reliability standards. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the damage caused by the wirebonding process of CUP devices on the in-line assembly packaging manufacture. The root cause of wirebonding failures analyzed were based on the CUP structure and several wire bond parameters; such as bonding force, ultrasonic current, bonding time period, capillary type, machine, and wafer source, which were also confirmed with the DOE/JMP engineer technique. Finally, results were also used to implement the corrective action and the assembly yield of CUP Device has been improved, successfully.

This is a Bachelor Degree Project report based on the design of a plastic vending cup.The project is carried out in cooperation with the company Promens Lidköping,manufacturer of a wide range of plastic products as food packaging, trays, pots, cups andsheets for the food industry. A vending cup is a product used to contain hot beverages which come from vendingcoffee machines. It is a product daily used in many different environments as hospitals,offices, libraries and common places, etc. Consequently it is aimed at a varied public. The redesign was focused mainly on the aesthetics aspect attempting to transmit aninnovative touch that would change the concept of today’s simple vending cup in a waythat it attracts the customer’s attention. The so called Mistral Vending Cup is a plastic cup which is out of the ordinary currentvending cup by means of a new bright colour, orange, and also its innovative shape, inthis field, constituted basically from organic lines and curve surfaces unlike the today’svending cups. The Mistral Vending cup introduces a great change, a new era in thehistory of the vending cups due to its organic shapes never seen in the market.