Entrés dans l’Union européenne en 2004, la République tchèque et la République slovaque restent encore aujourd’hui à cause ou plutôt grâce à leur présence relativement discrète sur la scène internationale mal connus de leurs voisins les plus proches. Cela est aussi dû au déficit d’information lié d’une part à leur jeune histoire et, d’autre part, à la longue période d’isolement suite à la Guerre froide qui avait laissé apparaître et s’enraciner de part et d’autre du « Mur » des images fausses sur la culture et l’identité des peuples.Cette thèse de doctorat est consacrée à la Première République tchécoslovaque (1918-1938), une époque où les peuples tchèque et slovaque expérimentaient ensemble leurs premiers pas sur la scène internationale en tant qu’État indépendant. Elle se place dans la perspective de l’histoire économique contemporaine et s’attache à analyser plus spécialement la mise en place de réseaux de transport qui constituaient l’armature de la nouvelle économie. Leur rôle était éminent dans la mesure où la survie économique de la nouvelle entité politique, bâtie sur les décombres de l’empire austro-hongrois, en dépendait. Aussi, le pays s’était-il lancé dans de vastes programmes d’investissement dans les infrastructures de transport tout en mettant en place des compagnies publiques ou semi-publiques au service de la république. La période étudiée est relativement courte et homogène, avec une vie politique et une activité économique intenses. Ce fut une période de transition. De ce fait, elle présente un intérêt particulier pour l’historien qui examine les spécificités de la politique des transports et les différents concepts et solutions expérimentés (le monopole de transport public, la gestion « commerciale » des entreprises publiques…), adoptés ou rejetés.La thèse tente d’apporter au public francophone quelques éléments de compréhension de cette partie de l’Europe difficile à cerner par l’historiographie occidentale du fait de ses contours géopolitiques qui avaient connu plusieurs modifications majeures au cours du 20e siècle et de la barrière linguistique. Son auteur étant polyglotte, il était possible de mettre à contribution des sources originales et bibliographiques en langues tchèque, slovaque et allemande tout en assurant une rédaction en français conforme aux standards attendus par une thèse de doctorat soutenue en France. / Even though they have been in the European Union since 2004, The Czech Republic and Slovakia remain relatively unknown, partly because of their limited presence on the international stage. Other factors are ignorance of their recent history and a long period of isolation during the Cold War, which allowed to appear and take root false ideas about the culture and identity of the people on both sides of the “Wall”.This doctorate thesis is dedicated to the First Czechoslovak republic (1918-1938), a time when the Czech and Slovak people made their first steps as an independent State on the international scene. It is paced under the perspective of contemporary economic history and analysis specifically the transport networks which formed the backbone of the new economy. Their role was essential for the economic survival of the new state, built on the ruins of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. In fact, the state launched a vast program of investment in transport infrastructures and, in parallel, founded a series of public or semi-public transport companies at the service of the republic. The period studied is relatively short and homogeneous, with intense political and economic activity. It was a period of transition. For these reasons it is of particular interest to the historian examining the specificities of public transport policy and the different concepts and solutions (a public transport monopoly, the commercial management of public companies…) adopted or rejectedThe thesis tries to bring to the French speaking world some tools for the comprehension of this part of Europe, difficult to pin down by Western historians because its geopolitical boundaries have seen several major upheavals during the 20th century, and because of the linguistic barrier. Its author is polyglot and has the ability to use original and library sources in Czech, Slovak and German, while writing and editing in French to the standards expected of a French doctorate.

This thesis is about modern Jewish history in the territory of Czechoslovakia, specifically the history of 2WW. It maps the fate of Jews under the new circumstances that had prevailed right after the declaration of the Protectorat of Bohemia and of Moravia, on the 15th of March, 1939. In keeping with those changes according to the new political system that was forcibly implemented, new and new anti-Jewish regulations were published with a view of total displacement of Jews from society and their total liquidation in compliance with Hitler's "final solution". It emphasizes some attempts to save Jews not only by "ordinary non-aryan people", but also by the Jewish resistance and last but not least by the government in exile. This work attempts to explain what led rescuers to their actions and their motivations, including some known rescuers, such as Nicholas Winton and Přemysl Pitter.

Má diplomová práce pojednává o sporu mezi Československem a Polskem o území Těšínska v letech (1918-1920). Po ukončení první světové války vznikly dva nové nástupnické státy, které začaly projevovat velký zájem o toto území. Hlavní důvody zájmu ze strany Československa byly především ekonomické, strategické, ale také historické. Polsko jako hlavní důvod k získání tohoto území uvádělo příčiny etnické. V roce 1919 došlo k válce mezi těmito státy (tzv. Sedmidenní válka). Celý tento spor byl nakonec ukončen v roce 1920 na konferenci v belgickém Spa, kde byly stanoveny konečné hranice území. Klíčová slova: Těšínko, spor, Sedmidenní válka, Polsko, Československo. Summary This work is describing the conflict between Czechoslovakia and Poland over Teschen in years (1918-1920). After the end of World War I., both of the two created independent states Polish Republic and Czechoslovak Republik claimed the area of Cieszyn Silesia. Czechoslovakia claimed the area partly especially on economic and strategic grounds, but so historic. The Polish side based its claim to the area on ethnic criteria. In 1919 was a military confrontation between Czechoslovakia and Poland, known in Czech as the Seven day war. A final line was set up at the Spa Conference in Belgium on July 28, 1920. Key words: Teschen, conflict, Seven...

This work focuses on the issue of the skinhead subculture in the former Czechoslovakia and monitors roots and developments, which are developed, especially in relation to social changes after 1989. Attempts to clarify the profiles of individual streams, characterized by its social and cultural positions. Finally, it deals with relationships and understandings of the subculture majority.

The following thesis seeks to identify the importance of education for the witnesses of the Shoah. It outlines the form of education in Czechoslovakia in the years 1918-1948 and focuses on the education of the Jewish minority. The research includes the analysis of narrative interviews with Jewish survivors who lived through the Second World War. Through the study of literature and analysis of qualitative data shows the role played by education in the pre-war, wartime and post-war. The work points out that education was important for the Jewish minority always and its role has varied depending on the period. Key words: Jewish minority, education, Czechoslovakia 1918-1948

This essay deals with historical analysis of dailiness of journalists during the period of the First Republic, which takes from october 1918 to september 1938. The focus is concentrated on their everyday duties, problems and work-habits. This essay describes legal and social frame of journalistic work. The first part concerns with characteristic and theoretical framework of journalistic practice including the profesionalism, the educational process and the social status of journalists. The second part of the essay deals with the dailiness, everyday practises and duties of the members of editorial staff, family life of journalists and their sources of information. This work describes two concrete examples which represent the most respected newsroom in the Czechoslovakia during the period of the First Republic. The aim of this essay is to describe changes that occured in this period and which can now be seen as foundations of modern journalism.

This thesis focuses on topic of emigration, more particularly re-emigration, in Czechoslovakia during times of so called "normalization". The main task is to analyze the deposition of returnees by officers of State Security, how they constructed their life stories, how they described their motivation to leave Czechoslovakia and to come back, the circumstances of their life in western countries and the circumstances of their return to Czechoslovakia. This thesis attempts to create a typology of returnees based on their own description of their lives in the depositions, especially in context of their motivation and their departure. Key words returnees, reemigration, Czechoslovakia, normalization, late socialism, State Security

In my diploma thesis I came to the conclusion that the frequency of mentions about Edvard Beneš fluctuated in the monitored media. From the examined periods, Rudé právo, Lidová demokracie and Svobodné slovo most often wrote about him in 1968 (a total of 37 mentions), in 1958 there were 32 mentions and in 1978 and 1988 there were 25 mentions. On the contrary, in sum of all the examined periods, there were only a few mentions in some years - for example, in 1983 there were 4 mentions, in 1948 there were 8 mentions and in 1973 there were 10 mentions. Rudé právo most often wrote about Edvard Beneš (96 references in all), in Svobodné slovo 47 and in Lidová demokracie 37. This can be explained by the fact that during the Communist regime Rudé právo had more pages than the other two newspapers and it also paid more attention to politics. In the researched media, Edvard Beneš was most often mentioned in connection with the February coup d'état anniversaries. In the qualitative analysis, I came to the conclusion that the studied newspapers mostly wrote about Edvard Beneš neutrally (57 percent of all mentions), negative references were 35 percent, and 8 percent were positive. During the 1950s, the analysed media was mostly critical to Edvard Beneš. However, in 1963 I noticed 50 percent of neutral references....

The aim of this thesis is to analyze the develoment of banking system in the Czechoslovakia during Great Depression between years 1929 - 1933/34. For outlining the context, it is important to briefly focus on the characteristics of the great Depression, its course inthe Czechoslovakia and its impact on paticular sectors in the Economy. the main part od the thesis is focused on the National Bank in Czechoslovakia, its monetary policy and its behaviour during the Depression, and also on the impact of Depression on commercial banks.

The aim of dissertation is analysis of Baťa's housing policy in Czechoslovakia in first one-half of 20. Century. It analyzes a research, quality and facilities of housing stock in Zlín. It defines properties of housing and housing policy in theoretical part of dissertation, these characteristics are applied to situation in Czech Republic. The housing policy of firms analyzes through the use of chosen firms. The partial aim of dissertation is the analysis of Baťa's housing policy in light of specifics and the compare with government housing policy. The possible equipments design with inspiration of Baťa's housing policy. These will be applicable to readout in Czech Republic.