The structure and ultrastructure of the microvascular bed of fatty bone marrow and the relationships of this vascular bed to endosteal bone surfaces was studied in adult beagles. The vascular volume of fatty bone marrow, as demonstrated by India ink-gelatin perfusion, appears less than the vascular volume of red bone marrow. The capillaries in fatty bone marrow are found between the large fat cells in a loose reticular connective tissue and have a continuous endothelial lining and basal lamina. Capillaries are frequently found adjacent to bone surfaces in these fatty marrow sites, yet are separated from these surfaces by very thin bone-lining cells. The nuclei of bone-lining cells are often found near these capillaries. The association of bone-lining cells to the microvasculature suggests that these cells may play a role in partitioning the extracellular fluids from the bone.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(農学) / 乙第12880号 / 論農博第2807号 / 新制||農||1028(附属図書館) / 学位論文||H26||N4879(農学部図書室) / 31598 / (主査)教授 河田 照雄, 教授 金本 龍平, 教授 谷 史人 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

New Zealand albino rabbits exhibited calcified aortic plaques and maximum average serum cholesterol levels of 1200 mg percent after twenty-three weeks on an atherogenic diet (250 to 500 mg percent cholesterol in ten percent corn oil; 200,00 I.U. vitamin D3 per month). One month following termination of the atherogenic diet, rabbits were treated with disodium edetate (Na2EDTA, 50 mg/kg body weight) via the marginal ear vein, on alternating days for a total of twenty infusions each. Aortae were examined for tissue calcium both quantitatively (direct microcomplexometric analysis) and histologically six weeks after completion of EDTA chelation therapy.

A metabolic study was conducted with 23 men to determine the effects on plasma lipids and lipoproteins of a high calcium intake from two sources compared to a normal level of calcium intake over an eight week controlled feeding period. Three diet treatments were examined: 1) high dietary calcium mainly from dairy sources (1600-1800 mg/day), 2) high dietary calcium supplied by a CaCO₃ supplement (1600-1800 mg/day), and 3) normal dietary calcium intake from mixed sources (600-800 mg/day). Fat, carbohydrate and protein were provided in the ratio of percent kcal as 40:49:11. Nutrient, cholesterol levels (500 mg) and polyunsaturated to saturated (P/S) fatty acid ratio (0.446) were held constant for all diet treatments. There were no significant differences between treatments or across time in plasma TC, LDL, HDL or VLDL-cholesterol. Levels remained similar throughout the controlled diet treatment and the pre- and post-treatment periods. At the level of fat content and P/S ratio tested, there was no hypocholesterolemic effect of elevated calcium intake on plasma lipids. / Master of Science

From the results of the previously described experiments, the following conclusions were drawn: 1. Boric acid increases the solubility of calcium d-saccharate in water. An increase in the concentration of boric acid results in an increase in the solubility of the saccharate. 2. Boric acid in solution reacts with calcium d-saccharate to form a new compound to which the name calcium boro-saccharate has been given. 3. A solution containing 10 parts acid, 37.5 parts calcium d-saccharate and 100 parts calcium gluconate in 500 parts distilled water is stable and is less toxic for rabbits and no more toxic for cows, when injected intravenously, than is the commercial product, Calcium-Boro-Gluconate. 4. The intravenous injection of either of these solutions into cows causes an immediate, marked rise in the serum calcium level. This rise is followed by a rapid drop, and, in the case of C-B-S-G Solution, there is a second rise in about one-half hour after injection. 5. The special centrifuge tubes for the determination of serum calcium are not reliable. Changes in construction and technic are necessary before the efficacy of such tubes can be improved. / Master of Science

Wong Yin-Mei. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 119-135). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract (English version) --- p.i / Abstract (Chinese version) --- p.iii / Publications --- p.v / Acknowledgements --- p.vi / Table of contents --- p.viii / List of tables --- p.xi / List of figures --- p.xii / Abbreviations --- p.xiv / Chapter Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Osteoporosis --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Consensus statement --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Epidemiology and outcomes --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.2.1 --- Hip fractures --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.2.2 --- Vertebral fractures --- p.5 / Chapter 1.1.2.3 --- Wrist fractures --- p.7 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Postmenopausal osteoporosis --- p.8 / Chapter 1.1.3.1 --- Pathogenesis --- p.8 / Chapter 1.1.3.1.1 --- Genetics --- p.11 / Chapter 1.1.3.1.2 --- Bone remodeling --- p.14 / Chapter 1.1.3.1.3 --- Calcium homeostasis --- p.21 / Chapter 1.1.3.1.4 --- Life style 一 nutrition and exercise --- p.26 / Chapter 1.1.3.2 --- Current pharmacological treatment --- p.27 / Chapter 1.1.3.2.1 --- Introduction --- p.27 / Chapter 1.1.3.2.2 --- Limitations --- p.31 / Chapter 1.2 --- Traditional Chinese medicine --- p.33 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- The Kidney --- p.33 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Kidney-tonifying herbs --- p.33 / Chapter 1.3 --- Aim of the studies --- p.36 / Chapter Chapter 2. --- Materials and methods --- p.38 / Chapter 2.1 --- Kidney-tonifying herbs and herbal formula --- p.38 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Sources --- p.38 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Herbal extract preparation --- p.38 / Chapter 2.2 --- Animal study --- p.40 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Reagents --- p.40 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Animal care --- p.40 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Herbs and herbal formula preparations for animal studies --- p.41 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Experimental design --- p.41 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- Gene expression study --- p.44 / Chapter 2.2.5.1 --- Tissue preparation --- p.44 / Chapter 2.2.5.2 --- Isolation of total RNA --- p.45 / Chapter 2.2.5.3 --- Complementary DNA synthesis --- p.47 / Chapter 2.2.5.4 --- Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis --- p.47 / Chapter 2.3 --- Cell culture study --- p.49 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Reagents --- p.49 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Cell lines --- p.49 / Chapter 2.3.2.1 --- "Rat osteosarcoma cell line, UMR-106" --- p.49 / Chapter 2.3.2.2 --- "Human breast cancer cell line, MCF-7" --- p.50 / Chapter 2.3.2.3 --- Cell culture techniques --- p.50 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Herbs preparations for cell culture --- p.51 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Cell viability assay --- p.51 / Chapter 2.3.5 --- Cellular alkaline phosphatase activity assay --- p.52 / Chapter 2.3.6 --- Matrix mineralization assay --- p.54 / Chapter 2.3.7 --- Competitive estrogen receptor binding assay --- p.56 / Chapter 2.4 --- Statistical analyses --- p.58 / Chapter Chapter 3. --- Results --- p.59 / Chapter 3.1 --- Extraction yields of Kidney-tonifying herbs and herbal formula --- p.59 / Chapter 3.2 --- Effects of Kidney-tonifying herbs and herbal formula on the gene expressions of calcium absorption and reabsorption related genes --- p.61 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Gene expression of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1 alpha-hydroxylasein the kidney --- p.62 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Gene expression of vitamin D receptor in the duodenum --- p.65 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Gene expression of calbindin D9K in the duodenum --- p.67 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Gene expression of vitamin D receptor in the kidney --- p.69 / Chapter 3.2.5 --- Gene expression of calbindin D28K in the kidney --- p.71 / Chapter 3.3 --- Effects of Kidney-tonifying herbs on osteoblastic UMR-106 cell line --- p.73 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Effects of Kidney-tonifying herbs on the cell viability of UMR-106 cells --- p.73 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Effects of Kidney-tonifying herbs on the osteoblastic differentiation of UMR-106 cells --- p.76 / Chapter 3.3.2.1 --- Cellular alkaline phosphatase activity --- p.76 / Chapter 3.3.2.2 --- Degree of matrix mineralization --- p.80 / Chapter 3.4 --- Estrogen receptor binding activities of Kidney-tonifying herbs --- p.85 / Chapter Chapter 4. --- Discussion --- p.89 / Chapter 4.1 --- Safety of Kidney-tonifying herbs and herbal formula --- p.89 / Chapter 4.2 --- Kidney-tonifying herbs and herbal formula preserve bone mineral density --- p.93 / Chapter 4.3 --- Kidney-tonifying herbs and herbal formula modulate calcium homeostasis --- p.97 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- "Roles in renal synthesis of the hormonally active form of vitamin D: 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3" --- p.97 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Roles in calcium absorption in the duodenum --- p.99 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Roles in calcium reabsorption in the kidney --- p.102 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Summary --- p.104 / Chapter 4.4 --- Kidney-tonifying herbs modulate bone formation --- p.106 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Effects on osteoblast proliferation --- p.106 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Effects on osteoblastic differentiation --- p.107 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Summary --- p.108 / Chapter 4.5 --- Kidney-tonifying herbs interact with estrogen receptor --- p.110 / Chapter 4.6 --- Active ingredients of Kidney-tonifying herbs --- p.111 / Chapter 4.7 --- Limitations of the present studies --- p.115 / Chapter 4.8 --- Conclusion and future prospect --- p.117 / References --- p.119

by Chan Eliza. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 183-196). / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS / ABSTRACT --- p.i / Chapter CHAPTER ONE: --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter CHAPTER TWO: --- LITERATURE REVIEW / Chapter Section 1: --- History of Merkel cells --- p.3 / Chapter Section 2: --- Morphology and characteristic response of Merkel cell receptors in the skin --- p.5 / Chapter Section 3: --- Merkel cells and other mechanoreceptors in the mammalian sinus hair --- p.16 / Chapter Section 4: --- Functions of Merkel cells --- p.29 / Chapter Section 5: --- Review of technical approaches in the study of Merkel cell physiology --- p.39 / Chapter Section 6: --- Monitoring intracellular Ca2+ with the microfluorimetric technique --- p.42 / Chapter Section 7: --- Properties of voltage-gated and ligand-operated Ca2+ channels --- p.52 / Chapter CHAPTER THREE: --- METHODS / Chapter Section 1: --- Isolation of the rat vibrissal follicles --- p.60 / Chapter Section 2: --- Procedures for fluorimetric studies --- p.63 / Chapter Section 3: --- Procedures for electrophysiological study --- p.72 / Chapter Section 4: --- Chemicals --- p.82 / Chapter CHAPTER FOUR: --- RESULTS / Chapter Section 1: --- Electrophysiological studies in an isolated sinus hair preparation --- p.89 / Chapter Section 2: --- Electrophysiological studies on slowly adapting type I (SA I) mechanoreceptors in an isolated skin-nervein vitro preparation --- p.109 / Chapter Section 3: --- Microfluorimetric studies of Merkel cells in the isolated sinus hair preparation --- p.117

Includes bibliographical references (leaves 226-273.) Investigates the regulation of the expression of CYP27B1, CYP24 and vitamin D receptor (VDR) mRNA, both in the bone and in the kidney, with the aim to determine whether the regulation of the vitamin D metabolism in the bone is independent from that in the kidney. The effects of age, dietary calcium and vitamin D status on the expression of these genes in both the kidney and the bone, as well as on a number of biochemical factors known to regulate the renal metabolism of 1,25D, such as PTH, calcium and 1,25D itself, were examined. CYP27B1 mRNA expression was also studied in histological sections of rat femoral bone.

Includes bibliographical references. Electronic publication; Full text available in PDF format; abstract in HTML format. Investigates the regulation of the expression of CYP27B1, CYP24 and vitamin D receptor (VDR) mRNA, both in the bone and in the kidney, with the aim to determine whether the regulation of the vitamin D metabolism in the bone is independent from that in the kidney. The effects of age, dietary calcium and vitamin D status on the expression of these genes in both the kidney and the bone, as well as on a number of biochemical factors known to regulate the renal metabolism of 1,25D, such as PTH, calcium and 1,25D itself, were examined. CYP27B1 mRNA expression was also studied in histological sections of rat femoral bone. Electronic reproduction.[Australia] :Australian Digital Theses Program,2001.

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