Thesis (M.S.)--Worcester Polytechnic Institute. / Keywords: error correction, calibration, successive approximation. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 89-91).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2008. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 151 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 100-106).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1990. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [158]-163).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1992. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 134-139). Also available via the Internet.

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Master of Science / Department of Civil Engineering / Mustaque Hossain / The Kansas Department of Transportation is transitioning from adherence to the 1993 American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Pavement Design Guide to implementation of the new AASHTO Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) for flexible and rigid pavement design. This study was initiated to calibrate MEPDG distress models for Kansas. Twenty-seven newly constructed projects were selected for flexible pavement distress model calibration, 21 of which were used for calibration and six that were selected for validation. In addition, 22 newly constructed jointed plain concrete pavements (JPCPs) were selected to calibrate rigid models; 17 of those projects were selected for calibration and five were selected for validation. AASHTOWare Pavement ME Design (ver. 2.2) software was used for design analysis, and the traditional split sampling method was followed in calibration. MEPDG-predicted distresses of Kansas road segments were compared with those from Pavement Management Information System data. Statistical analysis was performed using the Microsoft Excel statistical toolbox. The rutting and roughness models for flexible pavement were successfully calibrated with reduced bias and accepted null hypothesis. Calibration of the top-down fatigue cracking model was not satisfactory due to variability in measured data, and the bottom-up fatigue cracking model was not calibrated because measured data was unavailable. AASHTOWare software did not predict transverse cracking for any projects with global values. Thus thermal cracking model was not calibrated. The JPCP transverse joint faulting model was calibrated using sensitivity analysis and iterative runs of AASHTOWare to determine optimal coefficients that minimize bias. The IRI model was calibrated using the generalized reduced gradient nonlinear optimization technique in Microsoft Excel Solver. The transverse slab cracking model could not be calibrated due to lack of measured cracking data.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-01T21:36:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_10765_Dissertação_final_Rayza.pdf: 2180620 bytes, checksum: 5e88e543a5adef7347618d2eef3cfb62 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-27 / A calibração multivariada associada à técnica de infravermelho é uma alternativa aos métodos tradicionais para determinação de parâmetros físico-químicos em petróleo. Entretanto, o modelo multivariado construído é aplicável somente para o instrumento no qual os espectros foram obtidos. A transferência de calibração de modelos multivariados é de fundamental importância para a indústria petrolífera, levando-se em conta que aumenta a aplicabilidade de modelos e permite estimar com rapidez e com poucos gastos diversas propriedades físico-químicas. Este trabalho foi dividido em duas seções: a primeira é dedicada à avaliação modelos de transferência entre dois instrumentos de infravermelho a região média (MIR) para modelos PLS (mínimos quadrados parciais) e OPLS (projeções ortogonais em estruturas latentes); e a segunda visa aplicar a transferência PDS (padronização direta por partes) a modelos PLS para predição de densidade API, TIAC (temperatura de início de aparecimento de cristais), NAT (número de acidez total) e NAN (número de acidez naftênica). Dentre os métodos quimiométricos SBC (correção de declive e viés), FR (recalibração total), DS (padronização direta) e PDS avaliados para previsão de densidade API, o modelo de transferência PDS aplicado ao modelo OPLS resultou na melhor capacidade preditiva (RMSEP de 1,48). A aplicação direta de PDS a um modelo PLS original conta com a vantagem de aproveitar modelos já consolidados, e os resultados da primeira seção indicam que isto é uma possibilidade. Na segunda seção, as propriedades API, TIAC, NAT e NAN foram modeladas e validadas por PLS para o instrumento primário. Espectros secundários, diferentes daqueles da primeira seção, passaram por uma interpolação polinomial a fim de igualar as variáveis às do instrumento primário, antes da aplicação da transferência PDS. Os espectros transferidos e processados por airPLS, técnica iterativa adaptativa, se tornaram indistiguíveis por PCA (análise por componentes principais) dos espectros primários. A técnica de PDS associada a modelos PLS mostrou-se promissora, especialmente sendo capaz de estimar com boa exatidão o valor da densidade API de amostras de petróleo classificadas como medianas.

Nitric Oxide (NO) is produced in the vascular endothelium where it then diffuses to the adjacent smooth muscle cells (SMC) activating agents known to regulate vascular tone. The close proximity of the site of NO production to the red blood cells (RBC) and its known fast consumption by hemoglobin, suggests that the blood will scavenge most of the NO produced. Therefore, it is unclear how NO is able to play its role in accomplishing vasodilation. Investigation of NO production and consumption rates will allow insight into this paradox. DAF-FM is a sensitive NO fluorescence probe widely used for qualitative assessment of cellular NO production. With the aid of a mathematical model of NO/DAF-FM reaction kinetics, experimental studies were conducted to calibrate the fluorescence signal showing that the slope of fluorescent intensity is proportional to [NO]2 and exhibits a saturation dependence on [DAF-FM]. In addition, experimental data exhibited a Km dependence on [NO]. This finding was incorporated into the model elucidating NO2 as the possible activating agent of DAF-FM. A calibration procedure was formed and applied to agonist stimulated cells, providing an estimated NO release rate of 0.418 ± 0.18 pmol/cm2s. To assess NO consumption by RBCs, measurements of the rate of NO consumption in a gas stream flowing on top of an RBC solution of specified Hematocrit (Hct) was performed. The consumption rate constant (kbl)in porcine RBCs at 25oC and 45% Hct was estimated to be 3500 + 700 s-1. kbl is highly dependent on Hct and can reach up to 9900 + 4000 s-1 for 60% Hct. The nonlinear dependence of kbl on Hct suggests a predominant role for extracellular diffusion in limiting NO uptake. Further simulations showed a linear relationship between varying NO production rates and NO availability in the SMCs utilizing the estimated NO consumption rate. The corresponding SMC [NO] level for the average NO production rate estimated was approximately 15.1 nM. With the aid of experimental and theoretical methods we were able to examine the NO paradox and exhibit that endothelial derived NO is able to escape scavenging by RBCs to diffuse to the SMCs.

The diploma thesis deals mainly with the issue of calibration laboratories in a manufacutring company and calibration procedures for workshop gauges. The current state of the calibration laboratory in the organization is described in this thesis. Part of the creation of calibration procedures is the determination of measurement uncertainties and creation of a sample calibration sheet as a calibration output.