Submitted by Dominick Jesus (dominickdejesus@hotmail.com) on 2016-02-03T19:23:21Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação_Paulo Vilela Cruz.pdf: 27588071 bytes, checksum: 500d6d51934ed008809be3419f95bcab (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-03T19:23:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação_Paulo Vilela Cruz.pdf: 27588071 bytes, checksum: 500d6d51934ed008809be3419f95bcab (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The species of the genus Callibaetis Eaton, unlike other members of the family, have been originally described based solely on alate stages, most of them inadequately. Despite the fact that the taxonomy of the family has improved in the last decades, the knowledge of the genus is still incipient. The aim of this study was to survey the species of Callibaetis in three municipalities of Amazonas state, as well as compiling taxonomic information on species of this genus deposited in various zoological collections in Brazil, and to develop an identification key for nymphs and adults of the species from Brazil. Samples were collected in artificial lakes, ponds, streams and floodplains in the cities of Manaus, Presidente Figueiredo and Iranduba. Nymphs collected were reared in the field, allowing their association with adults. Material from the following collections were examined: Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Universidade do Estado do Mato Grosso, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó. The Brazilian species not collected were reviewed based on literature and photographs sent from museums. Seven new species were found and described based on nymphs and adults; males of C. jocosus were redescribed; and C. gonzalezi and C. sellacki were recorded for the first time from Brazil. The number of species of this genus known from Brazil increase from nine to eighteen after the present work, and the diagnosis of the previously known species, as of the genus were improved. / As espécies do gênero Callibaetis Eaton, diferente dos demais membros da família foram descritas com base nos estágios alados, muitas vezes de forma inadequada. Apesar do conhecimento taxonômico da família ter sido incrementado nas ultimas décadas, o conhecido sobre o gênero Callibaetis continua incipiente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi coletar em três municípios do estado do Amazonas, bem como compilar informações taxonômicas através da análise de material depositado em diferentes coleções brasileiras, desenvolvendo ao final uma chave de identificação para as ninfas e adultos de ambos os sexos registrados para o Brasil. As coletas ocorreram em lagos artificiais, poças, várzea e igapó nos municípios de Manaus, Presidente Figueiredo e Iranduba. Ninfas foram criadas em campo permitindo a associação de estágios. Material proveniente das seguintes coleções foi examinado: Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Universidade do Estado do Mato Grosso, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó. As espécies brasileiras não coletadas tiveram sua análise com base na literatura e em fotografias dos museus. Sete novas espécies foram descritas baseadas nas ninfas e adultos de ambos os sexos; o macho de C. jocosus foi redescrito; C. gonzalezi e C. sellacki são pela primeira vez registrados para o Brasil. O número de espécies do gênero conhecidas para o Brasil foi dobrado, passando de nove para dezoito, as diagnoses das espécies do gênero foram melhoradas.

A life history study of Callibaetis floridanus was conducted over the wet cycle of a playa on the Southern High Plains of Texas from June through September 1995.

Whether active or passive, dispersal accompanied by gene flow shapes the population genetics and evolutionary divergence of species. Indirect methods which use genetic markers have the ability to assess effective dispersal—that which resulted in gene flow. My objective was to see if an aquatic insect and an obligate aquatic invertebrate show similar phylogeographic patterns and genetic uniqueness. Hyalella azteca and Callibaetis americanus were collected from 4-5 springs in each of six basins in the Great Basin of western North America. No dispersal or genetic studies of C. americanus have been conducted to date. However, several studies focusing on mtDNA diversity of H. azteca have revealed a tremendous degree of cryptic diversity in the desert springs of the Great Basin. Nested clade phylogeographical analysis (NCPA), FST values, AMOVA, and Mantel tests were used to examine geographical associations. I also used traditional phylogenetic approaches including maximum parsimony (MP) and likelihood (ML) analyses using cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), 28S, and 16S as genetic markers. The mitochondrial COI sequence divergences in C. americanus were higher than H. azteca COI divergences within springs but lower among springs. FST values were very high in H. azteca reaching near fixation for certain alleles. C. americanus FST values were lower suggesting greater gene flow and, consequently, greater dispersal rates. Even though Mantel tests did not detect significant isolation by distance when evaluating all haplotypes together, nested clade analysis was able to examine smaller networks of related haplotypes and detect significant isolation by distance. Whereas the genetic structure in C. americanus was dominated by restricted gene flow with isolation by distance, H. azteca was characterized more by gradual range expansion followed by fragmentation. Mayflies likely showed more gene flow than amphipods because of their flight capabilities, but movement was still restricted by long distances between isolated springs.