Diss.--Wuppertal--Kirchliche Hochschule, 1999. / Bibliogr. p. 285-299. Index.

Thesis (M.C.S.)--Regent College, 2006. / Abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 123-132).

This study is concerned with the process involved in Calvin's consolidation of his power in Geneva and his success in implementing his vision of a Reformed society and structure in the city. The principal aim is to re-evaluate all of the relevant data and to correct, where necessary, the present understanding of this process. This has involved detailed research in the primary, unpublished documentation held in the Genevan State Archives. This material has then been compared with the traditional interpretation of Genevan history which is derived largely from Calvin and his supporters. In an attempt to discover the true reasons which explain Calvin's triumph, particular attention has been focussed on the various groups in Geneva at the time. Thus, detailed examination has been made of the relevant documents to identify the various social, economic, and political links which bound together the opposing factions. In particular, the research in this study has examined the impact which the French religious refugees had on every aspect of Calvin's struggle in Geneva. In addition, the direct effect which the predominantly French pastors had on the city, through their ministerial and political activities, has been detailed. Special emphasis has also been laid upon the personal relationships which existed among Geneva's ruling élite. The results of this study show that the interpretation of Calvin's triumph in Geneva is, in fact, based too heavily on Calvin's own view of the events and personalities involved. Calvin's opponents are shown to be men determined to maintain their magisterial power in the city in the face of the threat posed by the French ministers and their refugee compatriots. The local Genevans who supported Calvin have been found to be men who profited, both personally and politically, from Calvin's defeat of his opponents. Therefore, the study presents a thorough re-examination of Calvin's Genevan ministry and demonstrates the motives and methods which produced Calvin's victory in the mid-1550s.

This thesis examines the provision of higher education in a Calvinist setting in 16th century Europe. The change from Catholicism to Protestantism made it imperative to remodel existing centres of higher education, or to create new ones, in order to train the first generations of Protestants for civil and ecclesiastical posts. In particular, ministers were urgently needed for the expanding number of congregations across Europe. By analysing the example of the Genevan Academy, founded in 1559 by Calvin, one can observe the operation of one of these new centres of learning in the 16th and early 17th centuries. Based on magisterial and ministerial records, together with letters discussing students and training, this study, in contrast to institutional history, examines Reformation higher education from the perspective of its participants, namely students, professors, ministers and magistrates. As Geneva acted as a centre of refuge and advice for Protestants across Europe, its role as a pre-eminent centre of Calvinist higher education simply reinforced the city's reputation. Yet the existence of the Academy between 1559 and 1620 was not without tension, particularly between the Genevan ministers and magistrates, each of whom had different expectations regarding the Academy's ultimate purpose. While the ministers saw the Academy as a humanist seminary, the magistrates wanted to expand its scope to include subjects such as law and medicine, bringing the Academy closer to a university model. Indeed, Geneva's Academy was not the only Calvinist centre of higher learning attracting students in the later Reformation period. Zurich's academy, and the universities of Heidelberg and Leiden, though each differed in structure and approach, provided alternative and sometimes competing forms of higher study. Through an examination of these other centres of learning and of their students, one can assess more effectively what role Geneva's institution played in the European Reformed educational world.

CERQUEIRA, João Victor Abreu. Fotoproteção do PSI induzida por estresses abióticos que restringem a assimilação de CO2 é contrastante em J. curcas e R. communis. 2016. 105 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Bioquímica)-Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2016. / Submitted by Aline Mendes (alinemendes.ufc@gmail.com) on 2016-08-22T18:46:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_jvacerqueira.pdf: 2430427 bytes, checksum: a4b8e8c95163077e4dce7e0363493b4e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jairo Viana (jairo@ufc.br) on 2016-08-23T18:26:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_jvacerqueira.pdf: 2430427 bytes, checksum: a4b8e8c95163077e4dce7e0363493b4e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-23T18:26:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_jvacerqueira.pdf: 2430427 bytes, checksum: a4b8e8c95163077e4dce7e0363493b4e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / Several abiotic stresses induced photodamage to photosystem II (PSII). This photodamage is generated by an imbalance between the reducing power generated by the reductive stage of photosynthesis and limitations in consumption of the Calvin cycle. Stresses that promote stomatal closure with salinity and water deficiency are well known for this purpose. When the stress is prolonged, damage can induce photoinhibition of PSII. However, PSI can also be inhibited. In vivo, studies have revealed that the PSI is more resistant than PSII. Moreover, in vitro studies show that PSI in isolated thylakoid membranes suffers inhibition even at low light levels (50 μmol.m-2s-1). This suggests that PSI in vivo requires photoprotective mechanism to prevent a collapse of the plant. Also, due to the low turnover rate of PSI protein complex, photoinhibition is more severe in PSI than in PSII, because this phenomenon is irreversible. On the other hand, there have been few studies of the photoinhibition of PSI in plants due to three factors: the difficulty of measuring the activity of PSI, the limited combination of plant species and environmental conditions in which the phenomenon could occur, and the non-regulatory aspect of photoinhibition of PSI. However, new methodologies capable of measuring in vivo the PSI and capable of inducing the PSI photoinhibition techniques have been developed and used to better understand how plants avoid this phenomenon. Ricinus communis and the Jatropha curcas are two said species adapted to arid and semi-arid regions. Both species have developed mechanisms to deal with the energy imbalance generated by drought and salinity. For this reason, this two species were selected. In this study, both species were subjected to salt stress and the answers were analyzed using biophysical methods such as gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, absorbance of P700. Surprisingly, the plant Ricinus communis had a larger pool of oxidation potential of P700 under stress even having reduced the cyclic electron flow (CEF). Jatropha curcas showed a reduction in the pool P700 and an increase in the EFC. The oxidation of P700 is displayed in the literature as a way of avoiding photoinhibition PSI, however this mechanism is generally attributed to the increase in proton motive force (PMF) generated by an increase in the EFC. The pmf actually increase because there was an increase in power dissipation as heat measured by the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). The plant Ricinus communis had the PSI inhibited artificially. The plants under salt stress, better able to tolerate the photoinhibition of PSI despite having increased the hydrogen peroxide synthesis (H2O2). Subsequently, the experiment was repeated in Ricinus communis changing treated water deficit. The results presented by plants in salt stress and inhibited PSI were similar to stressed plants by water deficit stress and inhibited PSI. In conclusion, the study suggests that plant Ricinus communis under stresses which limit the Calvin cycle activate photoprotective mechanisms possibly increase the pmf oxidize P700, but this mechanism is not dependent on CEF. / Diversos estresses abióticos induzem o fotodano ao fotossistema II (PSII). Esse fotodano é gerado por um desbalanço entre o poder redutor gerado pela fase redutora da fotossíntese e o consumo desses redutores pelo ciclo de Calvin promovendo dano aos fotossistemas. Caso esses estresse se prolonguem, o dano pode induzir a fotoinibição. Ambos os fotossistemas podem sofre fotoinibição. Apesar disso, poucos grupos estudaram a fotoinibição do PSI em plantas devido a uma série de dificuldades para estudar esse complexo. Por outro lado, analises in vitro sugerem que a fotoinibição do PSI é mais severa do que a fotoinibição do PSII, pois esse fenômeno é irreversível. Ricinus communis e Jatropha curcas são duas espécies ditas adaptadas a regiões áridas e semiáridas. Ambas as plantas desenvolveram mecanismos para lidar com o desbalanço de energia gerado pela deficiência hídrica e pela salinidade. Por essa razão, essas plantas foram selecionadas como modelos. Nesse estudo, ambas as espécies foram submetidas ao estresse salino e as repostas foram analisadas por meio de métodos biofísicos como trocas gasosas, fluorescência da clorofila a e absorbância do P700. Surpreendentemente, as plantas de Ricinus communis apresentaram um maior potencial de oxidação do pool de P700 em estresse mesmo tendo reduzido o fluxo cíclico de elétrons (CEF) enquanto a Jatropha curcas apresentou uma redução no pool de P700 e um aumento no CEF. A oxidação do P700 tem sido apresentada pela literatura como uma forma de evitar a fotoinibição do PSI, no entanto esse mecanismo é geralmente atribuído ao aumento no ΔpH gerado por um aumento na CEF. Posteriormente, as plantas de Ricinus communis de ambos os tratamentos tiveram o PSI inibido artificialmente. As plantas que previamente sofreram com estresse salino, conseguiram tolerar melhor a fotoinibição do PSI apesar de terem aumentado a síntese de peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2). Outro estudo foi realizado apenas com plantas de Ricinus communis com deficiência hídrica. Os resultados apresentados pelas plantas em estresse salino e com o PSI inibido foram similares aos de plantas estressadas pelo estresse de deficiência hídrica e com o PSI inibido. Em conclusão, o trabalho sugere que plantas de Ricinus communis expostas a estresses que limitam o ciclo de Calvin ativam mecanismos fotoprotetores que possivelmente aumentam a pmf e oxidam o P700, mas esse mecanismo não é dependente do CEF.

No description available.

The subject of the sacraments was chosen for this thesis because it was believed that the sacraments should be fully understood and should be placed at the centre of the work and worship of the Church, if the Church is to fulfil its role as the body of Christ in the world today. From studying the work of the reformers it became obvious that the word and the sacraments do not hold the place in the reformed Churches which they were intended to by Calvin and the early Scottish reformers. Pref., p. 1.

Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this document / Thesis (DPhil (Dogmatics))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Dogmatics and Christian Ethics / unrestricted

This paper examines a new English translation of John Calvin’s sermon on Micah 2:1 by the author, and it explores the sermon’s themes of justice and equity within Calvin’s historical context of Geneva in 1550. An exploration of homiletical influences on the sermon includes consideration of Calvin’s development of “plain sense” preaching. “Plain sense” preaching in Calvin’s writing denotes a rhetorical and exegetical style that draws upon his careful study of John Chrysostom’s sermons, and his attempt in his French-language 1541 Institutes to relate covenant theology to preaching of Old Testament texts. The judgments of the prophet Micah demand the same repentance from ancient Israel, sixteenth-century Geneva, and even contemporary hearers. The paper concludes with reflection on how Calvin’s “plain sense” preaching speaks to matters of justice with respect to mistreatment of immigrants and refugees in a contemporary North American context.

No description available.