Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:14:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SelmaRV_TESE.pdf: 3758039 bytes, checksum: 6ed2e51c943660db7972e9c51961c80a (MD5) Previous issue date: 1999-06-18 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Ising and m-vector spin-glass models are studied, in the limit of infinite-range in-teractions, through the replica method. First, the m-vector spin glass, in the presence of an external uniform magnetic field, as well as of uniaxial anisotropy fields, is consi-dered. The effects of the anisotropics on the phase diagrams, and in particular, on the Gabay-Toulouse line, which signals the transverse spin-glass ordering, are investigated. The changes in the Gabay-Toulouse line, due to the presence of anisotropy fields which favor spin orientations along the Cartesian axes (m = 2: planar anisotropy; m = 3: cubic anisotropy), are also studied. The antiferromagnetic Ising spin glass, in the presence of uniform and Gaussian random magnetic fields, is investigated through a two-sublattice generalization of the Sherrington-Kirpaktrick model. The effects of the magnetic-field randomness on the phase diagrams of the model are analysed. Some confrontations of the present results with experimental observations available in the literature are discussed / Modelos de vidros de spins, dos tipos Ising e m-vetorial, com intera??es de al-cance infinito, s?o estudados atrav?s do m?todo das r?plicas. Inicialmente, o vidro de spins TO-vetorial, na presen?a de um campo magn?tico externo uniforme e de campos de anisotropias uniaxiais, ? considerado. Os efeitos das anisotropias nos diagramas de fases e, em particular, na linha de Gabay-Toulouse, que sinaliza o ordenamento dos graus de liberdade de vidro de spins transversos, s?o investigados. As modifica??es na linha de Gabay-Toulouse, devido ? presen?a de campos de anisotropia que privilegiam orienta??es segundo os eixos cartesianos (m = 2: anisotropia planar; m 3: anisotropia c?bica), tamb?m s?o estudadas. O vidro de spins de Ising com favorecimento antiferromagn?tico, na presen?a de campos magn?ticos uniforme e aleat?rio obedecendo uma distribui??o de probabilidades gaussiana, ? investigado atrav?s de uma generaliza??o do modelo Sherrington-Kirpaktrick em duas subredes. Os efeitos da aleatoriedade no campo magn?tico sobre os diagramas de fases do modelo s?o analisados. Algumas confronta??es entre resultados deste trabalho e medidas experimentais existentes na literatura s?o discutidas