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Adult female Dusky Canada Geese were studied on the Copper River Delta, Alaska and in the Willamette Valley, Oregon during April through July, 1977 to 1979. Objectives of the research were to: 1) determine the chronology of use of protein and energy reserves in relation to four periods of reproduction defined as the migration, prelaying, egg laying and incubation periods, and 2) to assess the role of food in meeting energy requirements during these four periods. During the study, 162 geese were collected for composition analysis. Endogenous lipids were heavily utilized during migration, egg laying and incubation. Endogenous protein was important during egg laying and incubation. Food supplied about half of the energy requirements calculated for the migration period, all needs during prelaying, over 75% during egg laying and about one third of energy requirements during incubation. Food was most important for supplementing high' protein needs of laying geese and both protein and energy needs of geese during the last third of the incubation period when endogenous reserves were depleted. Although northern nesting geese have been assumed to be largely independent of food during prelaying through incubation, it was suggested that food is in fact proximately important, influencing both clutch size and patterns of energy use during incubation. Ultimately, the timing of nesting and clutch size of northern nesting geese may have evolved in response to the need for an optimal food supply about two-thirds of the way through incubation. / Graduation date: 1985

The purpose of this thesis is to discuss which policy tools government could use in order to help industries develop. Nowadays, the telecommunication industry is in the transitional stage in terms of the product life cycle. The characteristic of this stage is that the standard product has formed. Therefore, the research and development of the product focuses on the function, quality, customer satisfaction, and market acceptance in order to become the standard. In the meantime, there would be lots of enterprises launching the market. In order to meet the product development speed, the economic of scale becomes the competitive advantage, and the key issue would be the process innovation. According to the strategic group model developed by Amoco Co., this thesis divided the telecommunication industry into four strategic groups, which are the unique technique ability, low-cost advantage, market-oriented, and diversified strategic groups. Each strategic group has its own key successful factors, which point out how industry could innovate clearly. In addition, analyzing the national innovation system helps to find out which policy tools government could apply appropriately. The national innovation system includes government policies, and industrial innovation system, which consists of technology system and national environment. This thesis studies the national innovation system of Canada. Because the trend of telecommunication industry goes to the unified standard, we have to check the international status of Canada in order to understand her relationship and interaction with the world first. Furthermore, we would check the status quo of the Canadian industrial innovation system. According to the analysis of telecommunication industry and Canadian national innovation system, the major contribution of this thesis is to provide governments certain model to follow up. This model helps governments to take advantage of the limited resources and apply them to the adequate direction appropriately. On the other hand, enterprises could take advantage of this model as well. To sum up, this research provides certain model for both governments and enterprises to apply their limited resources in the adequate direction appropriately.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of London. / Bibliography: p. [192]-206.

Thesis (Ph. D.) -- Lincoln University, 2009. / Also available via the World Wide Web.