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Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Given the increase in the cost of health care, economic considerations have drawn more and more interest over the last decade. Facilities are faced with the challenge to reduce costs while maintaining productivity. The Operating Room (OR) represents a significant opportunity to reduce expenses and improve efficiency. With the development of ambulatory or day surgery, minimally invasive procedures and the decline in admissions to hospitals the management of the OR suite needs re-evaluation. The Battlefords Union Hospital has a four room OR suite that performs a mixture of both inhospital and day surgeries. The current OR suite efficiency is determined by its adherence to the annual budget. A literature study was conducted with the focus on OR efficiency and in particular Patient Outcome and OR Management. Other issues included Perioperative Information systems and OR design. A survey was conducted in the OR suite and responses obtained from OR staff were evaluated. The survey included questions on patient experiences, procedural times, case scheduling, support, communication, quality measures and OR efficiency. The goals of this project was not to do an extensive statistical analysis of OR data. A limited study of OR suite data was presented to highlight relevant OR efficiency indicators. A summary of the findings and recommendations for improvement of the Battlefords Union Hospital OR suite’s efficiency, concludes the report. / AFIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Na aanleiding van die verhoging in koste van gesondheidsorg die laaste dekade, is ekonomiese aspekte meer op die voorgrond. Inrigtings word deur uitdagings in die gesig gestaar om kostes te verminder, terwyl produktiwiteit gehandhaaf moet word. Die operasie suite bied ‘n aansienlike geleentheid om kostes te verminder en effektiwiteit te verhoog. Met die ontwikkeling van dagchirurgie, “minimal invasive” prosedures en die afname in hospitaal opnames, behoort die bestuur van operasie suites herevalueer te word. Die Battlefords Union Hospitaal het ‘n vier teater operasie suite waar ‘n verskeidenheid van dagchirurgie en in-hospitaal prosedures uitgevoer word. Die operasie suite se effektiwiteit word huidiglik slegs gemeet aan die mate van hoe dit binne die jaarlikse begroting bly. ‘n Literatuurstudie is uitgevoer met die fokus op operasie suite effektiwiteit, met die klem op pasient uitkoms en operasie suite bestuur. Ander items wat ook ondersoek is, sluit in perioperatiewe informasie stelsels en teater ontwerp. ‘n Empiriese studie, gebaseer op ‘n vraelys, is uitgevoer onder die staflede van die operasie suite by die Battlefords Union Hopitaal. Die vraelys het vrae ingesluit oor pasient ervarings, prosedure tye, geval skedulering, kommunikasie, kwaliteitsversekering en operasie suite effektiwiteit. Die doel van die projek was nie om ‘n uitgebreide statistiese analise van die operasie suite data te doen nie. 'n Beperkte studie van die beskikbare data is gedoen en relevante effektiwiteits indikators is uitgewys. Die verslag word afgeëindig deur bevindinge, gevolgtrekkings en aanbevelings oor hoe die Battlefords Union Hospitaal die operasie suite se effektiwiteit moontlik kan verhoog.

This thesis identifies a university's typical administrative structure for the purpose of establishing a framework which working university archivists can use to acquire control of university records. The organizational structure of Canadian universities is examined with respect to their functions, juridical persons, and their relative competences. This study may be defined as a "functional analysis." The intertwined concepts of function, competence, and juridical persons serve as foundations for this thesis. A function is defined as the whole of the activities, considered abstractly, necessary to accomplish one purpose. A competence is the authority to carry out a determined sphere of activities within one function. Such authority, however, has to be delegated or assigned to a given office or individual, and that office or individual is termed a juridical person. Therefore, a link is forged between a function and a competence through a juridical person, because it is a juridical person who carries out certain duties and responsibilities within a specified function. Since juridical persons create records in the course of executing their competence, a functional analysis establishes the provenance of the records and places the records of an administrative body in the context of their creation. A functional analysis also reveals and explains the relationships and bonds between the records, record series, and record groups that comprise an administration's archival residue. These objectives -- understanding the organizational structure of the administrative body, identifying its functions, determining the provenance of its records, and placing records in the context of the activities that generate them — help archivists and records managers acquire a fundamental level of intellectual control over the administrative body's records. Without this knowledge, archivists and records managers cannot proceed with any of their own practices. By studying the history and development of universities from the Middles Ages to the twentieth century, this thesis identifies four functions which are common to all universities: Sustaining Itself, Teaching, Research, and Service to the Community. A number of juridical persons, either in the form of administrative bodies or individuals who comprise the administrative structure of the university, are then examined, and the functions with which with they are entrusted are ascertained by studying their competences. As a result of this analysis, the typical organizational structure of a university is revealed, the functional provenance of records created by universities (as a whole) are identified, and its records are placed in the context of the activities that generate them. / Arts, Faculty of / Library, Archival and Information Studies (SLAIS), School of / Graduate

À partir des années 1970, pour des raisons structurelles, économiques et idéologiques, les démocraties occidentales ont entamé un vaste mouvement de réformes des administrations publiques. Celles-ci étaient sensées augmenter la qualité des services offerts aux citoyens et réduire dans le même temps la charge financière des services publics pour les états. Synthèse de ces tendances réformatrices, les principes du nouveau management public (NMP) ont été progressivement mis en place au Canada, notamment sous l’impulsion des conservateurs de Brian Mulroney. Nous montrerons que le NMP a transformé radicalement le corps des valeurs qui fondent l’administration publique. Dans le même temps, il a impliqué, afin de pallier la déstructuration des modes d’hétérorégulation, un développement important de l’éthique; primordial pour les gestionnaires publics bénéficiaires d’une autonomie et de marges de manœuvre accrues. Parallèlement à cela, ce modèle d’administration a accentué la multiplicité des loyautés auxquels ces agents ont à se rapporter. Ce phénomène s’accompagne d’une diminution et d’un affaiblissement des balises et repères dont ils bénéficient pour résoudre les dilemmes éthiques auxquels ces situations les confrontent. Considéré dans cette perspective, nous conclurons que le NMP participe à la fragilisation de l’intégrité des gestionnaires publics canadiens et ne permet en aucun cas de remédier à la crise de confiance qui frappe l’institution publique canadienne. / Since the 70’, for structural, economic and ideologic reasons, the western democracies begun a cycle of administrative reforms to provide high quality services to citizens and to reduce at the same time the financial burden of the public services for the state. Synthesis of these reformer trends, the principles of the new public management (NPM) was progressively implemented in the Canadian institution, notably with the impulsion given by Brian Mulroney’s conservative government. The NPM transformed in a radical way the values framework which founded and structured the public administration. At the same time, to overcome the destruction of the heteroregulation mode, the ethic development emerges. It is particularly relevant for the public managers who benefit a growth in their autonomy and freedom of execution. Meanwhile, this new management model increases the multiplicity of loyalties that the actors have to refer and weakened at the same time their benchmarks and guides to resolve their ethical dilemmas that they encounter in their job. In this context, the NPM is weakening the integrity of the public managers and doesn’t help to eradicate the trust issue that strike the Canadian public institution.

In order to illustrate why museums are frequently sites of conflict and mediation, this dissertation examines the complex conditions under which knowledge is produced and disseminated at three Canadian museums. Approaching museums as social arenas or contact zones, the dissertation exposes power struggles in museums and dislodges a whole set of assumptions about what museums are and how they function. For the study I selected the following museums with anthropological mandates: MacBride Museum (Whitehorse), Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre (Yellowknife), and Vancouver Museum (Vancouver). The three museums were chosen because their geographical proximity to large communities of Aboriginal Peoples enabled an exploration of the changing relationships between them. Historically, museums have held the power to classify and define Aboriginal Peoples. Relatively recently, however Aboriginal Peoples have in various ways (by imposing constraints on how they and their cultures are exhibited, and through land claims and repatriation requests) been challenging their historic relationships with museums. In chapter one I discuss my objectives, methodology, and the work of those scholars who shaped this dissertation. Chapter two explores the invention of museums in the western world and begins linking the three Canadian museums with knowledge and power. In chapters three, four, and five I portray the mobility and productivity of three museums (MacBride Museum, PWNHC, and Vancouver Museum) in three distinct regions of Canada. I illustrate their ability to articulate identity, power, and tradition as well as the role they perform in the social organization of power relations. Each chapter begins with a description of the historical roots of power relations at each institution. This leads into a discussion of each museum's present system of authority: the state, governing bodies, professional staff and, increasingly, Aboriginal representatives. In the process I reveal some of the political pressures, institutional hierarchies, and personal conflicts that shape knowledge within these institutions. Chapter six is a review and critical analysis of systems of authority of the three museums and the challenges presented by Aboriginal Peoples. I conclude with the issues raised at the outset, which continue to confront the Canadian museum community, issues of inclusion and the limitations of cross-cultural translation, repatriation, and representation.

In order to illustrate why museums are frequently sites of conflict and mediation, this dissertation examines the complex conditions under which knowledge is produced and disseminated at three Canadian museums. Approaching museums as social arenas or contact zones, the dissertation exposes power struggles in museums and dislodges a whole set of assumptions about what museums are and how they function. For the study I selected the following museums with anthropological mandates: MacBride Museum (Whitehorse), Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre (Yellowknife), and Vancouver Museum (Vancouver). The three museums were chosen because their geographical proximity to large communities of Aboriginal Peoples enabled an exploration of the changing relationships between them. Historically, museums have held the power to classify and define Aboriginal Peoples. Relatively recently, however Aboriginal Peoples have in various ways (by imposing constraints on how they and their cultures are exhibited, and through land claims and repatriation requests) been challenging their historic relationships with museums. In chapter one I discuss my objectives, methodology, and the work of those scholars who shaped this dissertation. Chapter two explores the invention of museums in the western world and begins linking the three Canadian museums with knowledge and power. In chapters three, four, and five I portray the mobility and productivity of three museums (MacBride Museum, PWNHC, and Vancouver Museum) in three distinct regions of Canada. I illustrate their ability to articulate identity, power, and tradition as well as the role they perform in the social organization of power relations. Each chapter begins with a description of the historical roots of power relations at each institution. This leads into a discussion of each museum's present system of authority: the state, governing bodies, professional staff and, increasingly, Aboriginal representatives. In the process I reveal some of the political pressures, institutional hierarchies, and personal conflicts that shape knowledge within these institutions. Chapter six is a review and critical analysis of systems of authority of the three museums and the challenges presented by Aboriginal Peoples. I conclude with the issues raised at the outset, which continue to confront the Canadian museum community, issues of inclusion and the limitations of cross-cultural translation, repatriation, and representation. / Arts, Faculty of / Anthropology, Department of / Graduate

This thesis surveys the efforts made by Canadian and American records administrators, both records managers and archivists, to ensure that records are created, received, stored, used, preserved, and disposed of in a manner which is both efficient and effective. Beginning with the French Revolution and continuing to modern times, it investigates how approaches in North American archival thinking, government records programs, and applicable records legislation were often flawed because of fundamental misconceptions of the nature of the records themselves. The thesis traces how the most widely accepted approach for administering records, which called for the division of responsibilities amongst records professionals according to the records' "life status" — active, semi-active, or inactive — was incorrect because it was not compatible with the reality that records exist as a conceptual whole and are best administered in a manner which reflects this realization. The records, which should have been managed as a coherent and complete fonds of an institution, suffered from these divisions which had eventually led to the evolution of separate records occupations: those who looked after active records, called records managers, and those who handled inactive ones, labelled archivists. What was required was an "integrated" or "unified" approach such as that articulated by the Canadian archivist Jay Atherton. Like others, he called for the management of records in a manner which reflected the singular nature of the records, an approach which did not make arbitrary divisions where none existed, but instead viewed records from a wider and more complete perspective. Support for this approach amongst some records administrators was precipitated by a number of factors, not the least of which were the demands of handling information in modern society. The thesis concludes by examining what is required for the integrated ideas to be implemented as part of a practical model in today's institutions. It suggests that for the best results to be achieved, records administrators will have to learn to work with others in related information professions, or risk losing the ability to make valid contributions in the modern information age.

This dissertation examines the workings of various colonial discourses in the texts of Captain James Cook’s third Pacific voyage. Specifically, it focusses on the month spent at Nootka Sound (on the west coast of Vancouver Island) in 1778. The textual discrepancies between the official 1784 edition by Bishop Douglas, A Voyage to the Pacific Ocean, and J.C. Beaglehole’ s scholarly edition of 1967, The Voyage of the Resolution and Discovery 1776-1780, reveal that Cook’s Voyages present not an archive of European scientific and historical knowledge about the new world but the deployment of colonial discourses. Examining this relatively specific moment as discourse expands a critical sense of the importance of Cook’s Voyages as cultural documents, for the twentieth century as well as for the eighteenth. Chapters One and Two consider the mutually interdependent discourses of aesthetics and science: based upon assumptions of “objectivity,’ they distance the observing subject from the object observed, in time as well as in space. Chapter Three traces the development of the trope of cannibalism and argues that this trope works in the editions of Cook’s third voyage to further distance the Nootka from Europeans by textually establishing what looked like savagery. Chapter Four examines the historical construction of Cook as imperial culture hero, for eighteenth-century England, Western Europe, and the settler cultures that followed in his wake. Taken separately and together, these colonial discourses are employed in the accounts of Cook’s month at Nootka Sound to justify and rationalise England’s claim to appropriation of the territory. The purpose of these colonial discourses is to fix meaning and to present themselves as natural; the purpose of my dissertation is to disrupt such constructions. I therefore disrupt my own discourse with a series of digressions, signalled by a different typeface. They allow me to pursue lines of thought related tangentially to the main arguments and thus to investigate the wider concerns of the culture that produced Cook’s voyages, They also give me the opportunity to interrogate my own critical methodology and assumptions. Ultimately I aim not to create another, more convincing construction of Cook and his month at Nootka Sound, but to illuminate a cultural process, a way of making meaning that is part of his intellectual legacy.

This thesis surveys the efforts made by Canadian and American records administrators, both records managers and archivists, to ensure that records are created, received, stored, used, preserved, and disposed of in a manner which is both efficient and effective. Beginning with the French Revolution and continuing to modern times, it investigates how approaches in North American archival thinking, government records programs, and applicable records legislation were often flawed because of fundamental misconceptions of the nature of the records themselves. The thesis traces how the most widely accepted approach for administering records, which called for the division of responsibilities amongst records professionals according to the records' "life status" — active, semi-active, or inactive — was incorrect because it was not compatible with the reality that records exist as a conceptual whole and are best administered in a manner which reflects this realization. The records, which should have been managed as a coherent and complete fonds of an institution, suffered from these divisions which had eventually led to the evolution of separate records occupations: those who looked after active records, called records managers, and those who handled inactive ones, labelled archivists. What was required was an "integrated" or "unified" approach such as that articulated by the Canadian archivist Jay Atherton. Like others, he called for the management of records in a manner which reflected the singular nature of the records, an approach which did not make arbitrary divisions where none existed, but instead viewed records from a wider and more complete perspective. Support for this approach amongst some records administrators was precipitated by a number of factors, not the least of which were the demands of handling information in modern society. The thesis concludes by examining what is required for the integrated ideas to be implemented as part of a practical model in today's institutions. It suggests that for the best results to be achieved, records administrators will have to learn to work with others in related information professions, or risk losing the ability to make valid contributions in the modern information age. / Arts, Faculty of / Library, Archival and Information Studies (SLAIS), School of / Graduate