Thesis (doctoral)--München, 1934.

Thesis (doctoral)--München, 1934.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Title proper from title frame. Also available in printed format.

Objetivo: Descrever os aspectos clínicos, etiológicos e terapêuticos da candidíase sistêmica em recém-nascidos. Casuística e Métodos: Estudo observacional, em 60 neonatos com candidíase sistêmica, durante 10 anos. Resultados: Freqüência global = 1,8%;sintomas: alterações respiratórias, febre, hipotermia, letargia, hepatomegalia. A C. albicans ocorreu em 83,3% dos casos. Conclusão: A freqüência global da candidíase foi alta, os fatores de risco observados concordam com os citados na literatura, os sinais e sintomas mais freqüentes foram alterações respiratórias, a espécie mais freqüentemente identificada foi C.albicans (83,3%). A mortalidade foi elevada (33,3%), a sobrevida foi maior nos neonatos tratados com formulação lipídica da anfotericina / Objetives: To describe the clinical, etiologic and therapeutical aspects of systemic candidiasis in newborns. Casuistic and methods: Observacional study in 60 neonates with systemic candidiasis during 10 years. Results: Global frequency = 1,8%,symptoms: respiratory alterations, fever, hipotermia, lethargy, hepatomegalia. The C.albicans occurred in 83,3% of the cases. Conclusions: The global frequency of candidiasis was high, the observed fators of risk agrees to the cited ones to literature, the signal and more frequent symptoms had been respiratory alterations, the species more frequently identified were C.albicans(83,3%).The mortality was high (33,3%), the survival was highest in neonates treated with lipid formulation of amphotericin

Objetivo: Descrever os aspectos clínicos, etiológicos e terapêuticos da candidíase sistêmica em recém-nascidos. Casuística e Métodos: Estudo observacional, em 60 neonatos com candidíase sistêmica, durante 10 anos. Resultados: Freqüência global = 1,8%;sintomas: alterações respiratórias, febre, hipotermia, letargia, hepatomegalia. A C. albicans ocorreu em 83,3% dos casos. Conclusão: A freqüência global da candidíase foi alta, os fatores de risco observados concordam com os citados na literatura, os sinais e sintomas mais freqüentes foram alterações respiratórias, a espécie mais freqüentemente identificada foi C.albicans (83,3%). A mortalidade foi elevada (33,3%), a sobrevida foi maior nos neonatos tratados com formulação lipídica da anfotericina / Objetives: To describe the clinical, etiologic and therapeutical aspects of systemic candidiasis in newborns. Casuistic and methods: Observacional study in 60 neonates with systemic candidiasis during 10 years. Results: Global frequency = 1,8%,symptoms: respiratory alterations, fever, hipotermia, lethargy, hepatomegalia. The C.albicans occurred in 83,3% of the cases. Conclusions: The global frequency of candidiasis was high, the observed fators of risk agrees to the cited ones to literature, the signal and more frequent symptoms had been respiratory alterations, the species more frequently identified were C.albicans(83,3%).The mortality was high (33,3%), the survival was highest in neonates treated with lipid formulation of amphotericin

El propósito de este estudio fue determinar la frecuencia de los agentes causantes de la infección bucal conocida como candidiasis pseudomembranosa bucal en los pacientes con cáncer de cabeza y cuello sometidos a radioterapia. Se obtuvieron 30 muestras positivas de candidiasis pseudomembranosa bucal en los pacientes con cáncer de cabeza y cuello durante el tratamiento de radiación, en el Servicio de Radioterapia del Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas y el Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins durante el año 2005. Las muestras fueron confirmadas por el examen clínico y microbiológico, mediante examen directo KOH positivo, y cultivados en un medio cromogénico, CHROMagar cándida, hallando presuntivamente las especies de cándida, y confirmándolos con el medio de agar harina de maíz y la asimilación de carbohidratos. En este estudio se pudo confirmar que la especie de cándida relacionada a candidiasis pseudomembranosa bucal más frecuente, fue Cándida albicans (60%), seguido de Cándida tropicalis (20%). Otras especies de cándida no albicans fueron aisladas en 12 muestras (40%) de candidiasis pseudomembranosa, y 11 (36,7%) de estas fueron infecciones mixtas causadas por Cándida albicans y otra especie de cándida no albicans (C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. guilliermondi). Además, la aparición de candidiasis pseudomembranosa clínica durante el tratamiento de radiación para el cáncer de cabeza y cuello, fue con una dosis mediana de radiación de 3000 cGy. / The purpose of this study was to determinate the frecuency of Candida strain diversity wich causes bucal infection known buccal pseudomembranous candidiasis in the patients with cancer of head and neck udergoing raditotherapy. 30 positive samples of bucal pseudomembranous candidiasis in the patients with cancer of head and neck during the radiatiotherapy were obtained, in the Radiation Service of the National Institute of Diseases Neoplásicas and the Edgardo Rebagliati Martins Hospital during 2005. The samples were confirmed by the clinical and microbiological examination, by means of positive direct examination KOH, and cultivated in a medium cromogenic, CHROMagar cándida, finding presumptive the species of cándida, and confirming them with means to agar maiz and the carbohydrate assimilation. In this study the species of cándida related to buccal pseudomembranous candidiasis was Cándidab albicans (60%) the most frequent, followed of Cándida tropicalis (20%). Yeast other than Candida albicans were isolated in 12 episodes of infection (40%), and 11 of them (36,7%) were caused by a mix of Cándida albicans and other specie non albicans (C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. guilliermondi). In addition, the median radiation dose at time of clinical pseudomembranous candidiasis during the treatment of radiation for the cancer of head and neck was 3000 cGy.

Introduction The association between tuberculosis (TB) and malnutrition is well known. Malnutrition also weakens the immune system increasing the chance of latent TB progressing to active disease. Nutritional interventions can help improve overall quality of life and can reduce susceptibility to opportunistic infections including all forms of Oral Candidiasis (OC) which includes: (1) pseudomembranous candidiasis (oral thrush), (2) atrophic (erythematous) candidiasis, (3) hyperplastic candidiasis, and (4) angular cheilitis. This secondary data analysis of a longitudinal follow-up study evaluates the impact of a fortified supplementary food on OC among adult TB patients over a three month period. Results At baseline, an overall prevalence of 33% of OC (27 out of 83) was found in 83 adult TB patients; (pseudo-membranous 46% (16 out of 35), erythematous 26% (9 out 35), angular chelitis 20% (7 out 35) and hyperplastic 8% (3 out of 35). Thirty five different types of OC were found in 27 of the subjects some of whom manifested with more than one type of OC. Almost 89% of these TB patients had low levels of malnutrition (8% for selenium, 55% for iron, 62% for Vit-A, 42% for albumin, 47% for Vit-D and 34% for zinc). Their p values related to OC were (p=0.64 for selenium, p=0.74 for iron, p=0.19 for Vit-A, p=1 for albumin, p=1 for Vit-D and p=0.09 for zinc) showing no statistically significant difference for malnutrition in each different type of micronutrient related to OC at baseline. However, there was a statistically significant difference in HIV status (p=0.01) related to OC among factors such as sex (p=0.34), employment status (p=0.74), ARV status (p=0.46) and wellbeing (p=0.18) at baseline. OC was statistically significant at both 2nd and 3rd visits using univariate analysis p=0.04 (95%CI 0.22 to 0.97) and p=0.00 (95%CI 0.06 to 0.43) and also multivariate analysis p=0.01(95%CI 0.17 to 0.85) and p=0.00 (95%CI 0.04 to 0.34) with reference to the 1st visit (the prevalence of OC was significantly decreased in both 2nd and 3rd visits). For different types of clinical OC, pseudomembranous candidiasis was the only type of OC that showed statistically significant difference at the 3rd visit in both univariate analysis (p= 0.01, 95%CI 0.01 to 0.46) and multivariate analysis (p= 0.00, 95%CI 0.01 to 0.38) with reference to 1st visit. Discussion and Conclusions This study found no significant association between overall micronutrient level and the presence of OC at baseline. However, micronutrient interventions to the 83 adult TB patients receiving treatment at Johannesburg city clinics located in Alexandra showed a decrease in prevalence of different types of OC in both 2nd and 3rd visits. This analysis showed encouraging results which indicated a beneficial effect of e’Pap in adult TB patients.

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston University / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / Gandida albicans strain 105 from a normal human and strain 582 (from the American type Culture Collection) were used for studying the effect in vitro of pH, various amounts of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and composition of media on filamentation in this yeast-like organism. The yeast phase of the organism was maintained on a glucose, glycine, yeast extract (GGY) medium (1%; 1%; 0.5%) at 37°C. The experiments were conducted on both solid and liquid media. All cultures were incubated at 37°C. for 48 hours. The two strains of c. albicans, although similar to one another in their yeast forms, behaved differently toward the environmental conditions used; strain 582 responded more readily to the factors inducing filament formation than did strain 105. Increasing the pH above 6.5 to 7.0, 7.5 and 8.0 induced maximum filamentation in strain 582, whereas no filaments were produced by strain 105. All the aerobic cultures on solid GGY medium showed alkalinity and were positive for ammonia at the end of the incubation period. In liquid media, no alkalinity was observed at any pH values. Presence of 75% carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increased filamentation in strain 582 to a maximum degree, and induced mycelial formation in strain 105. With 94% or 95% carbon dioxide, growth and filamentation decreased in both strains. None of the CO2 cultures showed alkalinity at the end of the incubation period. Moreover, all the CO2 cultures were negative for ammonia. Growth under nitrogen (9J%) was less than that of the aerobic cultures. However, colonies appeared larger in size. Nitrogen stimulated filamentation in strain 105 only at a pH of 8.0, whereas strain 582 formed a maximum amount of filaments at pH values of 7.0 to 8.0. All the solid cultures under nitrogen showed alkalinity, while the liquid cultures were acid at all pH values. The occurrence of deamination in a medium without glucose in both strains of C. albicans showed that this organism was able to use glycine its source of both nitrogen and carbon. However, only a sparse growth was obtained in a medium lacking glucose. Strain 105 did not form filaments in such a medium, while strain 582 did so. Since more filaments were produced by the latter strain when a fresh subculture on a GGY medium was transferred to a medium without glucose, it was concluded that possibly glucose is required for both growth and filamentation. Comparative studies of the effect of a medium containing mannose with a glucose medium showed the two sugars behaved similarly with regard to fermentation and filament induction in both strains or c. albicans. Under conditions where glucose induced filamentation (e.g., with C02 or N2), mannose also induced filamentation. The decreased growth in the presence of oleic or stearic acid in a concentration of 40 micrograms per liter was attributed to the toxic effect of the fatty acids. Moreover, it was noted that the two acids had different effects on filamentation in the two strains. Oleic acid in a solid GGY medium induced hyphal formation in strain 105 only under nitrogen; without glucose, oleic acid did not bring about filamentation under any of the atmospheric conditions tested. In liquid media, oleic acid induced filamentation for strain 105 only when glucose was omitted. With strain 562, oleic acid promoted filamentation in both liquid and solid media with or without glucose, except for solid cultures incubated under nitrogen in the absence or glucose. Stearic acid did not stimulate filamentation in strain 105 under any conditions, but did increase hypha! formation in strain 582. In the presence of stearic acid, maximum filamentation occurred in aerobic cultures wnen glucose was absent. Although maximum filamentation occurred with an increase in the pH of the medium under aerobic conditions, in the presence of 75% C02, under nitrogen or in the presence of stearic acid in a medium without glucose, yeast cells were also present, indicating that this Y to f transformation was not complete. / 2031-01-01

El propósito de este estudio fue determinar la frecuencia de los agentes causantes de la infección bucal conocida como candidiasis pseudomembranosa bucal en los pacientes con cáncer de cabeza y cuello sometidos a radioterapia. Se obtuvieron 30 muestras positivas de candidiasis pseudomembranosa bucal en los pacientes con cáncer de cabeza y cuello durante el tratamiento de radiación, en el Servicio de Radioterapia del Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas y el Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins durante el año 2005. Las muestras fueron confirmadas por el examen clínico y microbiológico, mediante examen directo KOH positivo, y cultivados en un medio cromogénico, CHROMagar cándida, hallando presuntivamente las especies de cándida, y confirmándolos con el medio de agar harina de maíz y la asimilación de carbohidratos. En este estudio se pudo confirmar que la especie de cándida relacionada a candidiasis pseudomembranosa bucal más frecuente, fue Cándida albicans (60%), seguido de Cándida tropicalis (20%). Otras especies de cándida no albicans fueron aisladas en 12 muestras (40%) de candidiasis pseudomembranosa, y 11 (36,7%) de estas fueron infecciones mixtas causadas por Cándida albicans y otra especie de cándida no albicans (C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. guilliermondi). Además, la aparición de candidiasis pseudomembranosa clínica durante el tratamiento de radiación para el cáncer de cabeza y cuello, fue con una dosis mediana de radiación de 3000 cGy. / The purpose of this study was to determinate the frecuency of Candida strain diversity wich causes bucal infection known buccal pseudomembranous candidiasis in the patients with cancer of head and neck udergoing raditotherapy. 30 positive samples of bucal pseudomembranous candidiasis in the patients with cancer of head and neck during the radiatiotherapy were obtained, in the Radiation Service of the National Institute of Diseases Neoplásicas and the Edgardo Rebagliati Martins Hospital during 2005. The samples were confirmed by the clinical and microbiological examination, by means of positive direct examination KOH, and cultivated in a medium cromogenic, CHROMagar cándida, finding presumptive the species of cándida, and confirming them with means to agar maiz and the carbohydrate assimilation. In this study the species of cándida related to buccal pseudomembranous candidiasis was Cándidab albicans (60%) the most frequent, followed of Cándida tropicalis (20%). Yeast other than Candida albicans were isolated in 12 episodes of infection (40%), and 11 of them (36,7%) were caused by a mix of Cándida albicans and other specie non albicans (C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. guilliermondi). In addition, the median radiation dose at time of clinical pseudomembranous candidiasis during the treatment of radiation for the cancer of head and neck was 3000 cGy.

Thesis (M.S.)---University of Nevada, Reno, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references. Online version available on the World Wide Web.