The Greater Cape Floristic Region (GCFR) of South Africa has one of the most biodiverse floras in the world. Although ecological speciation is thought to be a primary mechanism behind diversification in the GCFR, it has recently been hypothesised that non-ecological speciation may have an influential role in driving diversification in the montane “sky islands” of the GCFR, potentially resulting in cryptic species. This work seeks to test the relative importance of ecological versus non-ecological processes in powering speciation at different elevations in the GCFR, and to assess the existence of multiple, range-restricted cryptic species at high elevations. The Cape grass genus Ehrharta is an ideal system in which to investigate these processes, as it contains low-, mid-, and high-elevation lineages, with a previously documented adaptive radiation in the succulent karoo. Population-level phylogenetic analyses using targeted enrichment sequencing data show that E. rupestris and E. setacea, as currently defined, are polyphyletic, and reveal multiple distinct monophyletic lineages within the Ramosa, Rehmannii and Setacea clades of genus Ehrharta. Analysis of genotyping-by-sequencing and morphological data, together with evidence of sympatry, confirm these lineages to be distinct entities, resulting in 13 to 16 putative new species, of which several can be considered cryptic. The crown node of Ehrharta is found to have originated 28 Ma, which substantially antedates previous age estimates. Comparisons of morphological evolutionary rates, as well as rates of nonsynonymous to synonymous sequence evolution (��), provide little evidence to support the hypothesis that non-ecological processes have been more important at high elevations. Both the low- and high-elevation clades show evidence of divergent ecological selection, with the Lowlands clade exhibiting high functional trait variance, and the high-elevation Setacea clade showing subtle ecological differentiation and accelerated rates of morphological evolution and �� relative to the rest of Cape Ehrharta. It is instead suggested that diversification in the Cape Ehrharta is triggered by a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic factors unique to each clade, thus corroborating a growing body of research arguing that it is simplistic to generalise radiations as ‘adaptive’ or ‘non-adaptive’. Instead, mountain radiations require an integrated approach to untangle the subtle interaction of geographic, ecological and biological factors that drive diversification.

Magister Educationis - MEd / This study aimed to ascertain in what ways violence and crime influence the teaching and learning programme in schools in a disadvantaged community. The context is a primary school in an informal settlement in Samora Machel, Philippi, in the Cape Flats, where violence is endemic. The study shows that violence does not occur in school playgrounds and areas around the school only; classrooms are becoming common sites for violence. This study sought to establish teacher and learner experiences of violence at school, and the role of school management and parents in dealing with it, with a specific focus on school policies on discipline and how violence affects teaching and learning. The investigation also included learner behaviour during recess.

Magister Artium - MA / This study evaluates the accuracy and equivalence of translated news from English to isiXhosa version in four community radio stations, two from the Western Cape and two from the Eastern Cape. Community radio stations source their local news through interviews and eye witness accounts. They get other news-worthy stories through media releases from Government Communication and Information System (GCIS), Police stations, Municipalities, Royal houses and from the office of the president. Most of the time, media releases are written in English and they have to be translated into isiXhosa as they use a high percentage of isiXhosa as a medium of their broadcasting.

Bibliography: pages 269-280. / The focus of this thesis on African women's experiences as domestic workers results from the fact that the majority of women within the African population in Cape Town are employed in this sector of economy. Further, the African working class is in a peculiar position as a result of the strict enforcement of the Coloured Labour Preference Policy. This policy ensured the almost total exclusion of the African population from decent housing and education as well as employment. In fact, the policy has hamstrung almost every aspect of the African population's life. The Coloured Labour Preferential Policy was coupled with the strict enforcement of influx control, governed by the Urban Areas Act No. 25 of 1945 as amended. Worst hit by this law were the African women. An attempt was made to understand the experiences of African women both in and outside their work situation. The examination of their gendered experiences of 'race' and class divisions has led to the identification of a number of issues, among them poverty, exploitation as rightless workers and payment of low wages, fragmentation of family life and subordination in marriage relations, childcare problems, housing problems and isolation as mothers and workers. Further, their dreams, which include a wish for securing property, a secure family life and educating their children, as well as self-employment, are all indications of their deprivation and exploitation as women. In this thesis gender has been prioritised, as it emerged as the prime feature of African women's experiences of social divisions. Being a woman in a society divided by 'race' and class, has created hierarchies which carry unequal relationships between employer and employee and the payment of low wages. The privatised nature of this unequal relationship is the key to the oppression and exploitation of domestic workers. Moreover, the impact of the double day on African Women domestic workers has resulted in particular experiences of exploitation and oppression. Because of the limited material currently available on domestic workers, this study is seen as a contribution to the study of women as well as a contribution to a gender-sensitive, working class history of Cape Town. The selected literature that has been reviewed has left the gendered experiences of African women unexposed within their households. The focus has been on the work situation only. Failure to recognise or identify these gendered experiences within both class and 'race' divisions results in obscuring the daily struggles that African women face regarding housing, family life and childcare facilities. The review of the two commissions of enquiry, namely the Riekert and Wiehahn Commissions has shown that the State is still unresponsive to the needs of women as workers and in particular, as domestic workers. Riekert has tied the availability of housing to employment, thus excluding a large number of women in the Cape Town urban area.

MA, Faculty of Arts,University of the Witwatersrand, 1953

<p>This study analyses the challenges faced by adult educators in reducing illiteracy among adult above twenty years of age in the Eastern Cape. The focal point is on ascertaining why there is an increase in the percentage of illiteracy in the province despite a slight decrease in other provinces. Most importantly is the determination of the significant role played by adult educators. A qualitative approach is employed to pursue the aims of the study. Data is collected using semi-structured interviews. The study has shown that lack of monitoring and supervision by ABET administrators, lack of resources for skills development and language of instruction, all contribute to the increase in illiteracy rate in the Province. For administrators of adult learning programmes it is suggested that they become more familiar with operations at Adult Learning Centres and provide training including technical where appropriate. Designers of curriculum should select curriculum resources appropriate to adult learners. Providers of direct support to adult learners should ensure that training is provided on an ongoing basis. This training should focus on teaching methods and learning approaches (pedagogy) as well as the effective use of ABET learning and teaching guides.</p>

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

As academic libraries continue to evolve as service organizations, they should focus on their users. This calls for a better understanding of the specific needs of library users in order to provide the appropriate type and level of service that meets those needs. The overriding goal will be user satisfaction. In this study, a survey was used to determine the levels of satisfaction of post-graduate education students with library services at the University of Transkei. A questionnaire was administered to 100 post-graduate education students registered in 1998 of which 57 responded. The most important finding that emerged from the analysis of the responses was that the majority of the respondents were in general satisfied with the library services offered at UNITRA. However, dissatisfaction was expressed by at least twenty percent of respondents with noise levels, opening hours, lack of photocopiers, the accuracy of the library catalogue, materials being in their correct place, inefficient staff and interloans. It was found that respondents were reluctant to commit themselves to expressing high levels of satisfaction or dissatisfaction. Suggestions made by respondents included computerization and the need for staff training. Recommendations based on the findings were then made followed by suggestions for further research. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1999.

This study is a brief history of college libraries in the former Transkei, from 1882 (the period of the missionaries) to 1994 (the year when Transkei was reincorporated into the Republic of South Africa). The history of college libraries in the Transkei has never been fully documented, despite the fact that some of the colleges and their libraries have been in existence for some time. Besides, there were some colleges which were without libraries. Even those that existed had not been fully developed, and the reasons for this have not been articulated. The author, therefore, considered it relevant to research the development of college libraries in this region. Fourteen college libraries were examined chronologically, starting from the colleges established during the missionary period (1882-1953), to the colleges established during the period of independence (1977 -1994) . Other periods covered were those of Bantu Education (1953-1962) and self-government (1963-1976). In order to provide a framework for the study, the historical development of each of the college libraries was examined in terms of the following criteria: adequacy of library accommodation; staffing; budget; the size and type of collection; users and types of services offered. The researcher gathered data by consulting and interviewing relevant people. Both primary and secondary sources were consulted. Conclusions drawn in this study clearly show that college libraries in the former Transkei were far from being centres of teaching, learning and research. Library staff were hampered in their efforts to improve library services, not only by a lack of funds and resources but also by the lack of a clear government policy regarding college libraries and by a lack of moral support. / Thesis (M.I.S.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1999.

<p>This thesis follows and builds upon a previous study at the rock engraving site of Driekopseiland (Morris 2002). The earlier findings are here contrasted with another site in the area, namely Wildebeest Kuil, as a means to highlight the variability which is a feature of the rock art of the Northern Cape as a whole. The main thrust of the thesis, which refers to a number of other rock art sites in the region, is to model the implications of this variability relative to social context and history in the precolonial past. Significant empirical obstacles, particularly the difficulties associated with dating rock art, render some aspects of the enterprise intractable for the time being. But opportunities are pursued to advance and evaluate ideas as to the social mechanisms and processes which might be implicated in the making and re-making of images on rock and in the generation of the diversity that is manifest in the rock art as it is found today. Whereas other approaches have tended to explain difference relative to social entities such as &lsquo / cultures&rsquo / or &lsquo / ethnic groups&rsquo / , this thesis offers, as a point of departure, a critique of received concepts, reconsidering some of the fundamental metaphors and assessing the elaboration of analogies that have been used in the past. It proposes that better theoretical footholds might be those that explain variability relative to process and movement. It invokes Tim Ingold&rsquo / s concept of a meshwork of dynamic relationships of people immersed in the world, of &lsquo / entanglements&rsquo / that refer to multiple mechanisms that might explain how rock art has changed in place and time. The pertinence of these ideas is shown with reference to specific instances in the Northern Cape.As a parallel weave in this study, there is a concern over the social role of archaeology, with discussion on the burgeoning salience of rock art beyond the academy, in the heritage and tourism sectors and amongst descendants of the Khoean. The thesis gives consideration to the role of museums and research in terms of &ldquo / heritage in practice,&rdquo / and seeks to develop a discourse in which, following Alexander, &ldquo / everything can be perceived as changing and changeable&rdquo / &ndash / an underlying theme throughout the study. The thesis does not bring empirical closure to the topic but suggests a programme for future engagement, having opened up and shown the relevance of wider theoretical insights for addressing the variability in the rock art of the Northern Cape.</p>