From Summary: This is a geographical study of land use in the Eastern Cape Province. The land use pattern, although related closely to the features of the natural environment, is perhaps even more closely related to the spatial variations of the man-made environment, particularly to the disposition of the different racial groups with their different cultures and economies, and to the kaleidoscopic character of the settlement pattern.

The principal objective of the present study was the testing of previous stratigraphic interpretations, particularly in respect of the Klipheuwel and Franschhoek formations, by means of attention to hitherto generally neglected structural or tectonic aspects of the pre-Cape rocks. In the Worcester area, it was found that the structural sequence across the so-called Malmesbury-Klipheuwel unconformity (de Villiers, Jansen and Mulder, 1964) is the reverse of that previously postulated, and the controversial correlation of the lower (previously upper) formation with the Klipheuwel Group cannot be maintained. The deformation of the pre-Cape formations is considered to have taken place in four stages or phases, labelled 0, M, X and K in sequence. The Early phases, 0 and M, are responsible for the broad stratigraphic pattern, while the Late phases, X and K, locally modify the earlier structures and have little or no effect on the distribution of rock types. An important tectonic discontinuity, or slide, apparently separates the upper formation from the two lower units, and close to the much younger Worcester Fault, a pre-Cape thrust has brought sheared and mylonitised granitic rocks to rest against the former. Structural relationships at Franschhoek are confusing, but in Kaaimansgat structures of Early and Late generations can be distinguished. In these southern areas the deformation of the rocks is again such that they clearly cannot be correlated with the Klipheuwel Group. However, their close association with older, sheared granitoid rocks and caraclasites - one of the main points upon which the Franschhoek-Klipheuwel correlation was based - is not in dispute. Although granite studies were not included in the scope of this work, one of the incidental results has been to widen the field of the older granite problem to include Kaaimansgat and Worcester as well as Franschhoek. The relationships of the pre-Cape formations treated in this work - called the Boland Group (after Rabie, 1948) - to the "Malmesbury" formations farther west is still problematical. The deformation of most of the pre-Cape formations in the Western Cape Province, Boland and "Malmesbury" alike, was apparently effected during a major orogenic event in upper Proterozoic - lower Paleozoic times. The term "Saldanian" is proposed as generally descriptive of this event and the structures which it has produced.

This project describes and interprets the results from the Renbaan Cave excavation and situates the site in the context of contemporary Later Stone Age studies in the southwestern Cape. It is designed to complement the research of professor John Parkington. It is argued that settlement and subsistance patterns at Renbaan Cave reflect similar patterns to those noted at other small cave/shelter sites in the research area. The availability of radiocarbon dates however, forces us to reconsider and question our previous perception of the distribution and occupation of late Holocene sites in the southwestern Cape. Important behavioural information has been located in the analysis of the stone artefact assemblage and new avenues of enquiry are suggested.

Bibliography: leaves 175-183. / Missionary endeavours in the Eastern Cape were characterized by African resistance to the Christian Gospel during the first half of the nineteenth century. Current explanations for this rejection point to the opposition of the chiefs, the association that the listeners made between the missionaries and their white oppressors, and the threat to communal solidarity. This thesis aims to see if these explanations fully reveal the reasons for Xhosa resistance to Christianity by examining African perceptions of the missionaries and their message at the Wesleyan mission stations of Mount Coke and Butterworth for the period 1825-35. The research is based upon the Wesleyan Missionary Society correspondence and missionary journals and is corroborated and supplemented by travellers' records and later studies in African religion and social anthropology. The economic, social, and religious background of the Wesleyans is described to show how the Christian message was limited to their culture and system of thought. Concepts of divinity, morality, and the afterlife are compared to demonstrate the vast differences between Wesleyan and African worldviews and the inability of the missionaries to overcome these obstacles and to show the relevance of Christianity to African material and spiritual needs. Various types of perceptions are surveyed to show that, though the missionaries were respected for their spiritual role, their character and lifestyle presented an unappealing model of the Christian life. The threat that the missionary message posed to the structure and functioning of African communities is examined as well as African perceptions of these implications. A theory of conversion is advanced which reveals a consistent pattern of association with the missionaries for reasons of self-interest, exposure to the Gospel over a lengthy period of time, and finally conversion. The missionary-African contact of this period is thus characterized as the encounter between two systems of thought which did not engage.

This work tells the history of the current crisis facing the community of Lwandle, "the hostel by the sea" near Strand and Somerset West in the Western Cape. Despite all the media propaganda about consultation with "recognised and moderate leaders", despite government promises that legislation curtailing the free movement of blacks would be abolished, despite the State President's undertaking that apartheid would go, yet the people who live in this settlement have little hope of being able to remain there with their families for much longer. I will attempt to illustrate the socio-economic conditions which prevail in their community, to detail the background to the current stage in their struggle to promote family life at Lwandle and to place this in a broader perspective to state policy and apartheid reform in late 198 7. Accordingly, Chapter 1 will look at the history of Lwandle hostel, the geographic environment, the demographic composition of the community and the social composition and community organisation that pertains there at present. Much of the information in this section was gleaned from my involvement with the community of Lwandle as the chairwoman of the local branch of the Black Sash and from my recurring meetings with sections of the community in order to try and resolve the question of their impending removal to another area (or, more recently, the removal of part of the community). Some information, too, emanates from an investigation by the Urban Foundation, conducted in 198 7, into the feasibility of providing suitable family housing at Lwandle. During the preparation of this report, I did, however, liase a great deal with the 'research team who compiled it, and (hopefully) succeeded in imparting some of the information now embodied in the report. In Chapter 2 a summary of legal developments relating to the abolition of influx control will be provided, and other enactments controlling the movement of peoples throughout South Africa examined. In this regard current government policy and stated objectives pertaining to both influx control and housing (with particular attention to single sex hostel accommodation) must be included in order to provide a basis for analysis in the final Chapter, Chapter 4. Chapter 3 will focus on the arrest in May 1986 of 1.58 women at Lwandle hostel on charges amounting to trespass. The involvement of the local branch of the Black Sash in the future of the Lwandle community was a reaction to the immediate need of those women who were arrested. Some specific case studies were completed, and these will be discussed in this Chapter. Further police action in Lwandle after May 1986 will, insofar as such details are known to me, also be mentioned. Finally, in Chapter 4 the problematic position in which the residents of Lwandle now find themselves will be outlined, and certain conclusions about the general political scenario that obtains at present in South Africa (with reference to criminological issues) will be drawn.

A comprehensive study has been made of a large collection of metasomatised peridotite, and MARIO (Mica-Amphibole-ButileIlmenite-Qiopside) xenoliths from the Kimberley pipes, with the aim of obtaining an improved understanding of enrichment processes operating in the sub-continental lithospheric mantle. The metasomatised peridotite suite is divided into garnet peridotites (GP), which contain no texturally equilibrated or primary phlogopite, garnet phlogopite peridotites (GPP), which constitute the most abundant peridotites, phlogopite peridotites (PP) and phlogopite K-richterite peridotites (PKP). Diopside can be present in all four groups. PKP rocks may also contain exotic incompatible element-rich Crtitanates such as lindsleyite and mathiasite, Nb-Cr rutile, ilmenite and armalcolite. Petrographic and chemical evidence presented here suggest that metasomatism increases progressively in the sequence GPGPP-PP-PKP, with the PKP group being richest in Fe, Ti and incompatible elements such as K, Na, Rb, Ba, Sr, Zr, Nb and the LR.EE. Mineral compositions change progressively from the garnet-bearing rocks to the PP and PKP rocks, showing decreases in Al 2o 3 and cr2o 3 contents, and increases in FeO and Tio2 contents. Data from this study show that most PKP and some PP rocks were derived from Al-deficient harzburgites. Other PP rocks probably had garnet-bearing precursors, as they display chemical similarities to GPP rocks, and typically contain aggregates of phlogopitediopside-spinel which are interpreted and modelled as being garnet replacement textures. Pressures and temperatures of equilibration of the peridotites in this study, combined with published experimental mineral stability data, suggest that metasomatism increases in intensity upwards in the subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) over a considerable depth interval from _170 km to Sr isotope data suggest that the metasomatism is young (1 Ga) have been recorded by Nd isotopes. New and published peridotite mineral and whole-rock Nd and Sr isotopic compositions range from moderately depleted to highly enriched and are interpreted in terms of mixing between variably enriched "ancient" SCLM and young metasomatic fluids with isotopic compositions close to Bulk Earth values. A rnineralogic expression of the ancient enrichments which might suggest that they resulted from older metasornatic events, cannot be clearly identified, but is best represented by enriched Nd-isotopic compositions of nonmetasornatic garnet. Rare phlogopites with low 1 43 Nd/144Nd ratios are interpreted as the product of complex mixing between the young metasomatic fluids and old enriched SCLM, rather than as older phlogopite. A group of unusually diopside-rich peridotites (±Phlogopite, ±ilmenite), are described and discussed. They are probably not directly related to the main group of metasomatised peridotites. Their chemical differences and greater pressures and temperatures of equilibration are consistent with formation by interaction between a diapir of asthenospheric melt and surrounding peridotitic mantle at the base of the SCLM. Comparison with chemical and isotopic data from the literature for Cr-rich "granny-smith" diopside rnegacrysts and glimmerites (phlogopite-diopside-ilmenite aggregates), suggests that they may have close genetic links with the diopside-rich suite. MARIO nodules are modally dominated by phlogopite, Krichterite and diopside, with lesser ilmenite and rutile, and accessory minerals such as calcite, barite and apatite. Olivine is absent, as is (with one exception) orthopyroxene, which serves to distinguish MARIO rocks from highly metasornatised peridotites. Relative modal proportions, textures and grain-size of MARIO rocks vary considerably, both within and between nodules. Textures suggest that they are igneous cumulates. The maximum stability depth of Krichterite restricts their depths of crystallisation to <120km. Data obtained in this study show that MARIO mineral compositions are Fe and Ti rich compared to most peridotites, and are much poorer in Cr, Al, Mg and Ni. Bulk compositions are alkali- and magnesian-rich (K20=4-9 weight%, Mg0=20-25 weight%), with moderate to high concentrations of i ncompatible trace elements. New and published MARIO mineral Nd and Sr isotopic measurements ranges from slightly depleted to highly enriched compositions. They are interpreted in terms of mixing of recent (phlogopite metasomatism is presented. The model proposes that there was recent input of metasomatic fluids at two distinct levels in the sub-continental mantle lithosphere. (1) Deep level fluids were generated at the base of the subcontinental lithosphere between 170-200 km depth - l l I ) possibly evolved from failed asthenospheric melts. The intensity of metasomatism progressively increased as these fluids percolated upwards to _100 km depth, and the GPP and some of the PP rocks were formed. (2) Shallow level metasomatic fluids were evolved during the crystallisation of MA.RID magmas ponded at 60-100 km depth. They were released into the surrounding SCLM, and formed the PKP and some PP rocks. These MA.RID-derived fluids appear to have overprinted the deep-derived metasomatism in places; some PP rocks have metasomatic signatures with characteristics of both events, which is interpreted as evidence for the passage of both types of fluid through them. Various lines of evidence including variations in mineral and whole-rock chemistry, suggest that both types of fluids contained Si, Al, Fetotal, Fe 3+, Ti, ±Ca, incompatible elements such as K, Na, Rb, Ba, Sr, Zr, Nb, V, LREE, s, and possibly F and Cl. The MARIO-derived fluids may have been generally richer in these elements, as the PKP rocks are more intensely metasomatised than even the most metasomatised GPP. u and related PP rocks. The behaviqr of Ba appears to have been different in the two sources/fluids - the deeper-derived fluids produced Ba-rich phlogopites, whereas the MARID magmas and MARID-derived fluids resulted in the formation of Ba-poor phlogopites in MA.RID and PKP rocks. Modelling of fluid compositions using published crystal/melt and crystal/fluid partition coefficients and PKP mineral trace element abundances is inconclusive but suggests that the MARIDderived fluids (and possibly the deep-derived fluids as well), were strongly LREE-enriched with REE patterns comparable to lamproites or kimberlites, and with moderately high Rb and Ba contents. However, inferred concentrations of Sr in the metasomatic fluids are of the order of 1% or more. The PKP rocks have attracted more attention in the literature than the GPP and PP groups, due to their spectacular J metasomatic assemblages. However, it is worth noting that they are relatively rare (~10% of peridotites from the Kimberley pipes). The ¥.LA.RID-derived metasomatism was probably intense, but strongly localised. In contrast the GPP and PP rocks are extremely abundant at Kimberley (_50% and _30% respectively) and were equilibrated over a large depth interval (170-100 km). The deep-derived metasomatism therefore appears to have been much more pervasive, and although less intense (most GPP rocks have 1-2% phlogopite) , it is considered to be a more significant phenomenon in the context of mantle metasomatic processes, especially as it appears to predate host kimberlite formation and emplacement.

This is a study of official documents published by and for the Cape colonial Parliament from the mid nineteenth century, when the parliamentary system of government began in South Africa, to the early years of the twentieth century, when the Cape colony was incorporated into the Union of South Africa. The constitutional framework within which government and parliamentary publishing took place is outlined, and the relevance of each type of document to the work of Parliament and the present-day researcher is explained. Emphasis has been placed on the administration of the publishing process from conceptualization through the printing stages to distribution and finally to the disposal of surplus material. The study concludes with an investigation of the current status of Cape parliamentary publications respecting preservation issues and the exploitation of the material for research purposes in libraries and archives, and some remarks on future trends. Particular attention has been given to use of the Dutch language in the predominantly English language Cape Parliament and the hitherto neglected effect this had on official publishing. Copious footnotes and seven appendixes have been supplied to make this study thoroughly comprehensive. / Information Science / M.Info. (Information Science)

This is a study of official documents published by and for the Cape colonial Parliament from the mid nineteenth century, when the parliamentary system of government began in South Africa, to the early years of the twentieth century, when the Cape colony was incorporated into the Union of South Africa. The constitutional framework within which government and parliamentary publishing took place is outlined, and the relevance of each type of document to the work of Parliament and the present-day researcher is explained. Emphasis has been placed on the administration of the publishing process from conceptualization through the printing stages to distribution and finally to the disposal of surplus material. The study concludes with an investigation of the current status of Cape parliamentary publications respecting preservation issues and the exploitation of the material for research purposes in libraries and archives, and some remarks on future trends. Particular attention has been given to use of the Dutch language in the predominantly English language Cape Parliament and the hitherto neglected effect this had on official publishing. Copious footnotes and seven appendixes have been supplied to make this study thoroughly comprehensive. / Information Science / M.Info. (Information Science)

Please read the abstract in the section 15back of this document Without maps in separate bound folder / Dissertation (MSc (Wildlife Management))--University of Pretoria, 2000. / Animal and Wildlife Sciences / MSc / unrestricted

Bibliography: p. 193-208. / The purpose of the research was to study changes that occurred in the material culture of the Cape during the period when the British took over control of the colony from the Dutch. There were three phases for investigation: the colony under the Dutch East India Company in the 18th century, twenty transitional years of interim British and Netherlands governments between 1795 and 1815, and the Cape as a British colony after 1815. An historical archaeological approach was applied to material remains surviving from those years, such as excavated artefacts, documents and buildings, that assumed these sources of material culture reflected the larger cultural, or cognitive, contexts in which they were conceived, made and used. Particular emphasis was placed on examination of household inventory manuscripts (lists of fixed and moveable properties, goods and chattels). Selected information from the inventories of more than 800 households was recorded, and further detailed analysis made of seventy-nine documents. Room-by-room appraisals indicate the layout (house plan), room numbers (house size), room names and activities (functions of spaces) within the house. These probate records thus provided invaluable information about houses, their contents and the placement of objects within the household, and could be investigated from the level of individual rooms on the day of appraisal to a range of houses over a number of years. By constituting the documentary evidence in a form compatible with assemblages of excavated artefacts, as a series uf space and time blocks, integrated information provided enhanced material cultural detail. Patterns were observed through time and across a range of regional and socio-economic situations. The first period covered a "I Dutch" Cape under the control of the eastern arm of the Dutch East India Company, but households were organised in a way distinctive to the Cape. Then there was a short period of relative freedom from governmental control, as transition was made from Dutch to British colonial status and trade options broadened, resulting in the wealthier urban households reflecting fashion, and to the benefit of many farmers. Finally, the Cape was fully incorporated into the networks of the British Empire, undergoing widespread adaptations to colonial society and changes in the material culture of households.