Prepared by the Arid Lands Information Center, Office of Arid Lands Studies, University of Arizona ; Dr. James R. Silliman, compiler.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

Thesis--Harvard University, 1962. / Bibliography: p. [217]-225.

The Cape Verde Rise and Islands are considered to be the result of 'Hot Spot' activity. The results of reheating can be observed by changes in the physical properties of the lithosphere. The purpose of this work is to study the relationship of the islands to the rise and relate any changes in the physical properties of the lithosphere to its thermal structure. A geophysical investigation of the lithosphere of the Cape Verde Rise has been carried out using measurements of total magnetic field, seismic reflection profiles, sonobuoy wide angle reflection/refraction experiments, free air gravity and bathymetry from surface ships. Geoid height data from the GE0S3 and SEASAT satellite missions have also been used. Total magnetic field anomalies are attributed to sea floor spreading during the Mesozoic and used to show that 4 fracture zone traces exist in the vicinity of the archipelago. The history of spreading is comparable to corresponding studies in the Western North Atlantic. Seismic stratigraphy from continuous reflection profiles and velocities from wide angle reflection/refraction studies are consistent with uplift during the Early Miocene followed by a period of island building volcanism. Depths to oceanic layer ?, after correction for sediment loading. show that the rise is.;2 km shallower than expected for Mesozoic crust. The present depth is equivalent to only 25 Ma oceanic crust. A 1-dimensional examination of the relationship between free air gravity anomalies and bathymetry using linear transfer function techniques indicates that the lithosphere of the Cape Verde Rise has an effective elastic thickness (EET) of only 15_t3 km when compared with a thin plate flexure model. This value of EET is less than expected for Mesozoic crust from a global compilation of EFT against age of crust at the time of loading. Using geoid height data the above analysis has been extended to 2-dimensions and a value of 13 km has been observed for the EET. The same thin plate flexure model was used for the geoid response as was used for the gravity. The Cape Verde Rise is associated with both a reduction in EFT and a considerable depth anomaly. This is considered to be evidence for thermal rejuvenation. Hawaii, however, is only associated with a depth anomaly and no substantial reduction in EET is observed. This difference between the effect of 'Hot Spot' activity on Hawaii and on the Cape Verde Rise is considered to be due to the motion of the oceanic plate over the mantle heat source.

Agriculture in Cape Verde is severely constrained by a harsh physical environment, and large amounts of foreign aid are required to meet demand for food. Policy-makers believe that the development of irrigated farming offers the most potential for increasing food production, requiring a transition from the dominant irrigated crop, sugar cane, to food crops. Linear programming techniques are used to model a representative farm on the island of Santiago. Water constraints are varied parametrically, showing that revenues are extremely sensitive to frequency of irrigation, and that the dominance of low-profit crops is explained by unreliable and long watering intervals. The shift from cane to more profitable food crops will therefore require water reform aimed at increasing irrigation frequency and improving its reliability. Significant improvements in food production and farm incomes can be achieved even considering present supplies of water and land.

Thesis (Master's)--Universidade de São Paulo-Brasil, 1988. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 193-197).

Background and aims: Southern European countries have been showing high overweight and obesity (OW/OB) rates especially among the younger generations (Cattaneo et al. 2010). Portugal is one of those countries with 37.9% overweight and 15.3% obesity in 6 to 8 year olds (Rito et al. 2012). However little is known about the health of ethnic minorities living in its capital city, Lisbon. The Cape Verdean community in Lisbon, the second largest group in Portugal, would be expected to be more affected by this epidemic due to social inequalities. This community also tend to have low educational levels, material deprivation and struggle with discrimination and racism, factors that would likely be associated with a higher prevalence of OW/OB. The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional status of Cape Verdean ancestry children aged 6 to 12 years old living in Lisbon according to their socioeconomic status, general living conditions, family composition, diet and physical activity levels. To compare the findings with previous projects conducted in 1993 and 2009 in the same location with Cape Verdean ancestry children and with Portuguese ancestry children (national study conducted in 2009). To determine what early life factors have significant effect on these children's nutritional health. Methods : Physical measures and household information were collected from November 2013 to February 2014 in Cova da Moura Neighbourhood in Lisbon. Physical measures included height, weight, skinfolds, arm and waist circumferences. From these survey data body mass index (BMI) and the prevalence of stunting (chronic malnutrition - low height-for- age) and underweight (low-weight-for-age) were calculated according to reference values proposed by Frisancho (2008). Overweight and obesity values were defined based on the references established by the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF), CDC, and WHO depending on the specific aim or research question. Results: Results show this is a very deprived community with low educational levels and mostly employed in the service sector. Maternal height and child birth order showed a significant association with child's height. Moreover maternal height and age are associated with child leg length. Living in a single parent family is associated with an increase in child BMI of 1.412 units when accounting for maternal waist circumference. Also significant differences in height for boys and girls were observed between Cape Verdean and Portuguese children. Generally, Cape Verdeans growth falls within the healthy range of International growth references across all of the survey data collected. Cape Verdean rates for combined over nutrition (overweight and obesity) in 2013 (9.8% for boys and 16.7% for girls) are lower than the Portuguese (33% for boys and 31.7% for girls). Logistic regression models showed that Cape Verdean children have a lower risk of being OW/OB compared to Portuguese children when accounting for breastfeeding,birth weight,maternal education and occupation. Conclusions : Despite living in a deprived neighbourhood these Cape Verdean children seem to have grown healthier than Portuguese ancestry children. The challenge for policy makers will be to support improvement of the poverty related living conditions of this community without creating a risky environment for increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity.

Variations in major, minor, and trace elements compositions and ratios, as well as isotope ratios are all useful tools in studying the composition of the Earth’s mantle, and heterogeneities present therein. Since the mantle itself doesn’t easily lend itself to study, ocean island basalt (OIBs) are commonly used as a proxy due to compositional differences combined with the range of origination depth, a combination that allows them to represent the heterogeneity of the mantle, sampling everything from the core mantle boundary to the old or recent additions of recycled oceanic crust. Fogo, being one of the most active volcanoes in the world, continuously samples the interior of our planet, and as such is a prime location for studies of mantle geochemistry. This study aims to determine the origin of the mantle lithologies present at Fogo. The study is a continuation and extension of the studies conducted by Barker et al. (2014) and Magnusson (2016). This study utilises major, minor, and trace element geochemistry in clinopyroxene and olivine phenocrysts, as well as Ni-isotopes from whole rock samples. Using the relative values of Ni, Mn, and trace elements and their ratios in olivine and clinopyroxene phenocrysts we aim to further unravel the mechanics of the creation of ocean islands and provide additional constraints regarding the mechanics of the formation of heterogeneities in the Earth’s mantle. This study will focus on Ni* and Mn* in olivine phenocrysts, trace element composition and ratios of olivine phenocrysts and clinopyroxene phenocrysts, and Ni-isotope data.  This study found evidence for both pyroxenite, carbonatite, and carbonated eclogite source lithologies at Fogo. A correlation between La/Sm and δ60Ni was also found, indicating a control on the δ60Ni by source pyroxenite. This study suggests a carbonated eclogite origin for the lithologies present at Fogo, which would have hosted the majority of the olivine phenocrysts. The phenocrysts then resided within a separated carbonatite melt fraction that either contaminated or metasomatized a pyroxenite melt where the clinopyroxene phenocrysts nucleated. The melt then evolved to an alkali basalt melt through melt-rock reactions, principally via the dissolution of orthopyroxenes and concomitant precipitation of clinopyroxene and olivine (Zhang, Chen, Jackson & Hofmann 2017).

Orientador: Anselmo Luiz dos Santos / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T21:38:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lopes_DanieldeJesusAndrade_M.pdf: 1435070 bytes, checksum: 2d1e68db98be16e8935fa84e688b466f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: A discussão sobre a criação de um salário mínimo em Cabo Verde deixou de ser um assunto de conversas informais, como acontecia na década de 90 e passou a fazer parte de um conjunto de assuntos prioritários da ordem do dia dos sindicatos. Os trabalhadores de baixa renda clamam por isso constantemente exigindo uma tomada de posição urgente por parte do Conselho de Concertação Social (CCS) que é o órgão competente em matéria de decisões que dizem respeito às questões laborais. Órgão tripartido, presidido pelo governo, o CCS tem já, em mãos, um dossier sobre as diversas propostas dos parceiros sociais relativamente ao tema. As negociações chegaram a um ponto crucial e os trabalhadores perguntam: "cria-se ou não se cria o salário mínimo em Cabo Verde?". Essa dissertação faz um percurso da evolução desse diálogo social, tomando como ponto de partida o ano do fim do regime de partido único, 1990, um ano após o Consenso de Washington que muitos autores consideram como o início formal da era neoliberal, porque ficaram estabelecidos, num documento oficial, internacionalmente aceite, os termos das políticas a serem implementadas pelos países signatários e demais seguidores desta nova ideologia. Essa discussão, tida em ambiente de capitalismo mundial, tem suscitado reações adversas, por um lado, dos mais cépticos em relação à implementação do SM em Cabo Verde e, animadoras, por outro, quando se trata de partidários dessa idéia / Abstract: The discussion about the creation of a minimum wage in Cape Verde is no longer an issue of informal talks, as happened in 90's and become part of a set of priorities of unions' agenda. The low-income workers insist in an urgent positioning by the Social Council Concertation (SCC), the responsible organ for the decisions in respect of labor issues. Being a tripartite organ, presided by the government, the SCC has already, at hands, a dossier about several proposals of the social partners relatively to the theme. The negotiations are in a crucial point and the workers ask: "will the minimum wage be created or not in Cape Verde?" This dissertation goes though evolution of this social dialogue, deporting from the year of the end of the single-party regime in 1990, a year after the Washington Consensus that is considered by several authors the formal beginning of new-liberal era. That is because the political terms to be implemented by the signatories and others that followed this ideology were established in an official internationally accepted document. This discussion that happened in an environment of global capitalism has caused adverse reactions from, on the one hand, the more skeptical about the implementation of a minimum wages in Cape Verde and encouraging on the other hand when it comes to supporters of this idea / Mestrado / Economia Social e do Trabalho / Mestre em Desenvolvimento Econômico

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