Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-01-26T19:42:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CamilaPacellyBrandaoDeAraujo_DISSERT.pdf: 4969845 bytes, checksum: f1f2fb0b021589a796762546c844670e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-01-29T17:12:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 CamilaPacellyBrandaoDeAraujo_DISSERT.pdf: 4969845 bytes, checksum: f1f2fb0b021589a796762546c844670e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-29T17:12:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CamilaPacellyBrandaoDeAraujo_DISSERT.pdf: 4969845 bytes, checksum: f1f2fb0b021589a796762546c844670e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-01-30 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / As emiss?es de compostos sulfurados pela ind?stria do refino de petr?leo v?m sendo sujeitas a legisla??es cada vez mais restritivas devido aos impactos ambientais e na sa?de humana. A remo??o de compostos de enxofre pode ocorrer atrav?s de rea??es de hidrotratamento (HDT) as quais s?o catalisadas por s?lidos, geralmente ?xidos ou sulfetos met?licos normalmente suportados em alumina. Para a remo??o de enxofre (HDS) catalisadores de Co(Ni)-Mo(W)/Al2O3 s?o os mais utilizados, por?m novos materiais vem sendo desenvolvidos para esse fim. Carbetos de metais refrat?rios foram identificados como potenciais candidatos para essa aplica??o, a dopagem destes pode ser uma alternativa para a cat?lise dessa rea??o. Os precursores para obten??o de Mo2C foram heptamolibdato de molibd?nio [(NH4)6[Mo7O24].4H2O] e nitrato de cobalto [Co(NO3)2.6H2O] e foram cominu?dos manualmente em propor??es estequiom?tricas anteriormente ? rea??o. Os precursores foram caracterizados por TG/DTA, MEV, FRX e DRX. Os carbetos de molibd?nio com adi??o de cobalto foram obtidos atrav?s de rea??o g?s-s?lido com atmosfera de metano (CH4) e hidrog?nio (H2) utilizando reator de leito fixo. Foi utilizada vaz?o total da mistura gasosa de 15L/h com 5% de CH4 e taxa de aquecimento de 5?C/min at? a temperatura de rea??o (700 ou 750?C). Dois percentuais de cobalto foram empregados: 2,5 e 5%. Foi notada a presen?a de fase CoMoO4 e MoO3 nos percursores calcinados, o que indica o ?ntimo contato entre os metais. Para os produtos da rea??o de carboneta??o a 700?C, independentemente do teor de cobalto adicionado, foi formado Mo2C-ortorr?mbica e MoO2- monocl?nica. A 750?C somente Mo2C foi detectada por DRX. N?o foi poss?vel a identifica??o de fase contendo Co pelos difratogramas em nenhuma das condi??es. Nessa temperatura, a an?lise de TOC indicou a completa convers?o dos ?xidos a carbeto, com forma??o de 8,9% de carbono livre para a amostra com 2,5% de Co, para a amostra com 5% a convers?o foi incompleta (86%). Os produtos de rea??o foram caracterizados por FRX, DRX, MEV, TOC, BET e granulometria a laser / Sulfur compounds emissions have been, on the late years, subject to more severe environmental laws due to its impact on the environment (causing the acid rain phenomena) and on human health. It has also been object of much attention from the refiners worldwide due to its relationship with equipment?s life, which is decreased by corrosion, and also with products? quality, as the later may have its color, smell and stability altered by the presence of such compounds. Sulfur removal can be carried out by hydrotreating (HDT) which is a catalytic process. Catalysts for HDS are traditionally based on Co(Ni)-Mo(W)/Al2O3. However, in face of the increased contaminants? content on crude oil, and stricter legislation on emissions, the development of new, more active and efficient catalysts is pressing. Carbides of refractory material have been identified as potential materials for this use. The addition of a second metal to carbides may enhance catalytic activities by increasing the density of active sites. In the present thesis Mo2C with Co addition was produced in a fixed bed reactor via gas-solid reaction of CH4 (5%) and H2(95%) with a precursor made of a mix of ammonium heptamolybdate [(NH4)6[Mo7O24].4H2O] and cobalt nitrate[Co(NO3)2.6H2O] at stoichiometric amounts. Precursors? where analyzed by XRF, XRD, SEM and TG/DTA. Carboreduction reactions were carried out at 700 and 750?C with two cobalt compositions (2,5 and 5%). Reaction?s products were characterized by XRF, XRD, SEM, TOC, BET and laser granulometry. It was possible to obtain Mo2C with 2,5 and 5% cobalt addition as a single phase at 750?C with nanoscale crystallite sizes. At 700?C, however, both MoO2 and Mo2C phases were found by XRD. No Co containing phases were found by XRD. XRF, however, confirmed the intended Co content added. SEM images confirmed XRD data. The increase on Co content promoted a more severe agglomeration of the produced powder. The same effect was noted when the reaction temperature was increased. The powder synthesized at 750?C with 2,5% Co addition TOC analysis indicated the complete conversion from oxide material to carbide, with a 8,9% free carbon production. The powder produced at this temperature with 5% Co addition was only partially converted (86%)

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2018-03-20T15:53:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 EduardoRigoti_TESE.pdf: 6435249 bytes, checksum: 4bbd6e85c62e18866d0a7a1578f6650b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-03-21T16:06:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 EduardoRigoti_TESE.pdf: 6435249 bytes, checksum: 4bbd6e85c62e18866d0a7a1578f6650b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-21T16:06:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EduardoRigoti_TESE.pdf: 6435249 bytes, checksum: 4bbd6e85c62e18866d0a7a1578f6650b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-06 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo desta tese foi desenvolver novos materiais catal?ticos ? base de molibd?nio (Mo) por meio da s?ntese de suportes mesoporosos de s?lica e de carv?o e avaliar seu desempenho na hidrodeoxigena??o de mol?culas plataforma em fase gasosa. O desempenho do catalisador, do suporte e do comportamento suporte/catalisador em diferentes condi??es reacionais foram estudadas. Os carbonos mesoporosos foram obtidos utilizando os materiais de s?lica (SBA-15 e KIT-6) como molde. A incorpora??o do ?xido de molibd?nio (MoO3) aos diferentes suportes foi realizada pelo m?todo de impregna??o ao ponto ?mido a fim de obter um teor de 4 e 2 ?tomos de Mo/nm?. As t?cnicas de caracteriza??o empregadas foram a difratometria de raios X (DRX), fisissor??o de N2 a 77 K, microscopia eletr?nica de varredura (MEV) e microscopia eletr?nica de transmiss?o (MET) que permitiram confirmar a s?ntese dos materiais de s?lica e carbono e a efetiva incorpora??o do ?xido de molibd?nio. A t?cnica de capacidade de estocagem de oxig?nio (OSC) permitiu investigar o efeito dos pr?-tratamentos t?rmicos sobre o MoO3 e, partir disso compreender a influ?ncia desses pr?-tratamentos no desemprenho catal?tico desses materiais. Al?m do MoO3 suportado, foram feitos testes catal?ticos com Mo2C carburado in situ e ex situ. Os materiais foram avaliados nas rea??es de hidrodeoxigena??o do fenol com temperatura de rea??o de 300 ?C e diferentes temperaturas de pr?-tratamento para o MoO3 suportado. Todos os catalisadores apresentaram seletividades a produtos desoxigenados superiores a 97 %. Os ?xidos suportados nas r?plicas de carv?es mesoporosos apresentaram convers?es superiores que o ?xido suportado nos materiais de s?lica. O aumento da temperatura de pr?-tratamento influenciou positivamente na convers?o a produtos desoxigenados para o ?xido suportado nos templates de s?lica e em suas r?plicas. As rea??es utilizando Mo2C apresentaram valores de convers?o superiores (27 %) aos valores observados com MoO3 (~1,3 ? 18,5 %), por?m n?o foi observado uma influ?ncia significativa dos suportes. / The aim of this thesis was to develop new catalytic materials through the synthesis of mesoporous silica and carbon supports for Mo impregnation to study its catalytic performance in hydrodeoxygenation of gas-phase platform molecules, where it was tried to determine the influence of the catalyst, support and support/catalyst behavior under different reaction conditions. Mesoporous carbons were obtained using the silica materials as a template. The impregnation of molybdenum oxide (MoO3) was carried out by the incipient wetness impregnation to obtain an amount of 4 and 2 Mo atoms/nm? in the silica and carbon supports. Characterization was performed using several techniques such as X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), N2 physisorption, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), by these techniques was possible to confirm the synthesis of the silica and carbon materials and the subsequent impregnation of the molybdenum oxide. The oxygen storage capacity (OSC) technique allowed investigating the effect of thermal pre-treatments on MoO3 and, from this, to understand the influence of these pre-treatments on the catalytic performance of these materials. In addition to the supported MoO3, catalytic tests were performed with in situ and ex situ carburized Mo2C. The materials were evaluated in the hydrodeoxygenation reactions of the phenol with reaction temperature of 300 ? C and different pretreatment temperatures for the MoO3 supported. All catalysts presented selectivities to deoxygenated products higher than 97%. The oxides supported on the mesoporous carbon replicates showed higher conversions than the oxide supported on the silica materials. The increase in pretreatment temperature positively influenced the conversion to deoxygenated products for the oxide supported on the silica templates and their replicates. Reactions using Mo2C showed higher conversion values (27%) to the values observed with MoO3 (~ 1.3 - 18.5%), but no significant influence of the media was observed.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 KalyanneKPG_ate o resumo.pdf: 69797 bytes, checksum: 49f1d53a5fe82cc0c03f9f579c34a190 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-09-12 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The nanostructures materials are characterized to have particle size smaller than 100 nm and could reach 1 nm. Due to the extremely reduced dimensions of the grains, the properties of these materials are significantly modified relatively when compared with the conventional materials. In the present work was accomplished a study and characterization of the molybdenum carbide, seeking obtain it with particles size in the nanometers order and evaluate its potential as catalyst in the reaction of partial methane oxidation. The method used for obtaining the molybdenum carbide was starting from the precursor ammonium heptamolybdate of that was developed in split into two oven, in reactor of fixed bed, with at a heating rate of 5?C/min, in a flow of methane and hydrogen whose flow was of 15L/h with 5% of methane for all of the samples. The studied temperatures were 350, 500, 600, 650, 660, 675 and 700?C and were conducted for 0, 60, 120 and 180 minutes, and the percent amount and the crystallite size of the intermediate phases were determined by the Rietveld refinement method. The carbide obtained at 660?C for 3 hours of reaction showed the best results, 24 nm. Certain the best synthesis condition, a passivating study was accomplished, in these conditions, to verify the stability of the carbide when exposed to the air. The molybdenum carbide was characterized by SEM, TEM, elemental analysis, ICP-AES, TG in atmosphere of hydrogen and TPR. Through the elemental analysis and ICP-AES the presence carbon load was verified. TG in atmosphere of hydrogen proved that is necessary the passivating of the molybdenum carbide, because occur oxidation in room temperature. The catalytic test was accomplished in the plant of Fischer-Tropsch of CTGAS, that is composed of a reactor of fixed bed. Already the catalytic test showed that the carbide presents activity for partial oxidation, but the operational conditions should be adjusted to improve the conversion / Os materiais nanoestruturados s?o caracterizados por terem um tamanho de cristalito inferior a 100 nm podendo atingir 1 nm. Devido ?s dimens?es extremamente reduzidas dos cristalitos, as propriedades destes materiais s?o significativamente modificadas relativamente ?s dos materiais convencionais. No presente trabalho foi realizado um estudo de s?ntese e caracteriza??o do carbeto de molibd?nio, visando obt?-lo com tamanho de part?culas na ordem de nan?metros e avaliar seu potencial como catalisador na rea??o de oxida??o parcial do metano. O m?todo utilizado para obten??o do carbeto de molibd?nio foi a partir do precursor heptamolibdato de am?nio que foi desenvolvida em forno bipartido, em reator de leito fixo, com uma taxa de aquecimento de 5?C/min, em um fluxo de metano e hidrog?nio cuja vaz?o foi de 15L/h com 5% de metano para todos os ensaios. As temperaturas estudadas foram 350, 500, 600, 650, 660, 675 e 700?C e nos tempos de isoterma de 0, 60, 120 e 180 minutos, sendo que a determina??o das fases presentes, estrutura cristalina e tamanho de cristalitos foram obtidos por refinamento de estrutura pelo m?todo de Rietveld. O carbeto obtido a 660?C e 3 horas de rea??o foi o que apresentou menor tamanho de cristalito 24 nm. Determinada a melhor condi??o de s?ntese foi realizado um estudo de passivac?o, nestas condi??es, para verificar a estabilidade do carbeto ao ser exposto ao ar. O carbeto de molibd?nio foi caracterizado por MEV, MET, an?lise elementar, ICP-AES, TG em atmosfera de hidrog?nio e RTP. Atrav?s da an?lise elementar e ICP-AES foi verificada a presen?a de carbono livre. A TG em atmosfera de hidrog?nio comprovou que ? necess?ria a passivac?o do carbeto de molibd?nio, pois ele ? oxidado em temperatura ambiente. O teste catal?tico foi realizado na planta semipiloto de Fischer-Tropsch do CTGAS, que ? composta de um reator de leito fixo. O teste catal?tico mostrou que o carbeto apresenta atividade para oxida??o parcial, mas as condi??es operacionais devem ser ajustadas para melhorar a convers?o