Este estudo se propõe a analisar a resposta pulpar de dentes humanos a preparos cavitários de classe V, em função de duas diferentes técnicas de instrumentação e de duas diferentes técnicas de restauração. Para tal, cavidades classe V, nas superfícies vestibulares de 48 pré-molares hígidos de pacientes entre 11 e 25 anos, que estavam em tratamento ortodôntico, foram preparadas e restauradas de acordo com os seguintes grupos experimentais: G 1 (n=24) - preparos cavitários realizados com ponta diamantada em alta rotação, restaurados com guta-percha plastificada, cimento ionômero de vidro e verniz cavitário (G 1A; n=12) ou com técnicas adesivas (sistema restaurador adesivo aplicando-se o condicionamento ácido total) e cimento ionômero de vidro (G 1B; n=12); G 2 (n=24) - preparos cavitários com ponta CVD ativada por ultrassom, restaurados com gutapercha plastificada, cimento ionômero de vidro e verniz cavitário (G 2A; n=12) ou com técnicas adesivas (sistema restaurador adesivo aplicando-se o condicionamento ácido total) e cimento ionômero de vidro (G 2B; n=12); e G 3 (controle; n=4) - dentes que foram extraídos sem a realização de qualquer procedimento. Os preparos cavitários foram realizados mantendo o assoalho da cavidade o mais próximo possível da polpa, no entanto, sem provocar exposição pulpar. Os dentes foram extraídos após três períodos experimentais (imediato, sete e trinta dias após o preparo cavitário), fixados, descalcificados, e processados histologicamente. Cortes teciduais longitudinais seriados de 5 m foram obtidos, corados pelas técnicas de H & E e de Brown & Brenn, e examinados em microscopia ótica. As avaliações morfométricas e por escores foram realizadas e os resultados das mesmas, submetidos, respectivamente, aos testes estatísticos de Mann-Whitney e de Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn, adotando-se um nível de significância de 5%. No período inicial, todos os grupos experimentais (1A, 1B, 2A e 2B) exibiram ligeiro desarranjo da camada odontoblástica vacuolizada e leve invasão da zona acelular de Weil. Não houve diferença entre os grupos experimentais iniciais e o grupo controle. No intervalo de sete dias, pôde-se observar redução da camada odontoblástica, muitos núcleos de odontoblastos aspirados nos túbulos dentinários, alguns espécimes com ausência de pré-dentina e resposta inflamatória aguda com hemorragia. Trinta dias depois, cinco espécimes do total avaliado apresentaram dentina terciária; dois espécimes do grupo 1B apresentaram necrose relacionada com a presença de bactérias nos túbulos dentinários; e os demais mostraram graus variados de inflamação crônica, associados a restaurações adesivas ou a processos de reparo, com proliferação de vasos e persistência de focos de hemorragia. Portanto, os dois tipos de instrumentação cavitária promovem respostas pulpares similares entre si, mas as diferentes técnicas restauradoras promovem efeitos significativamente diferentes sobre o complexo dentinopulpar. / The aim of this study is to analyze the pulp response of human teeth to class V cavity preparation, in function of two different instrumentation and restorative techniques. Class V cavities were made on the buccal surfaces of 48 sound human pre-molars from orthodontic patients from 11 to 25 years, and were divided as follows: G1 (n=24) cavity preparations were made with diamond bur under high speed, restored with either plasticized gutta-percha, glass ionomer cement and surface coated with varnish (G1A) or adhesive protocol (total etch technique and adhesive system application) with glass ionomer filling (G1B); G2 (n=24) cavity preparations were made with diamond CVD point and ultrasonic device, restored with either plasticized gutta-percha, glass ionomer cement and surface coated with varnish (G2A) or adhesive protocol (total etch technique and adhesive system application) with glass ionomer filling (G2B); and control group G3 (n=4) extracted teeth with no previous cavity preparation. All avities were prepared with the cavity floor as close to the pulp as possible, without causing pulp exposure. Teeth extractions were made in three experimental periods (immediate, 7 and 30 days after cavity preparation) and right after extraction they were submitted to histological procedures. Longitudinal tissue serial sections of 5 mm were obtained, H&E and Brown&Brenn stained, and analyzed under optical microscope. Morphometric and score evaluations were carried out and data from both were, respectively, submitted to Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn tests, with 5% significance. Immediately, all experimental groups (1A, 1B, 2A and 2B) exhibited a discrete disorganization of the odontoblastic layer and invasion of the Weil zone. There was no difference between experimental and control groups. At 7-day interval, a decrease of the odontoblastic layer was observed. Many odontoblasts nucleus were seen displaced into the dentinal tubules. Some specimens showed absence of pre-dentine and inflammatory pulp response with hemorrhage. Thirty days later, five specimens presented tertiary dentin formation; two specimens from group 1B presented necrosis coincident with bacteria inside the dentinal tubules; the other specimens showed various degrees of chronic inflammation, associated to adhesive restorations or repair processes, with blood vessels proliferation and persistent hemorrhagic areas. Therefore, both instrumentation techniques promoted similar pulp response, but different restoration procedures elicited significantly different responses of the dentinpulp complex.

Este estudo se propõe a analisar a resposta pulpar de dentes humanos a preparos cavitários de classe V, em função de duas diferentes técnicas de instrumentação e de duas diferentes técnicas de restauração. Para tal, cavidades classe V, nas superfícies vestibulares de 48 pré-molares hígidos de pacientes entre 11 e 25 anos, que estavam em tratamento ortodôntico, foram preparadas e restauradas de acordo com os seguintes grupos experimentais: G 1 (n=24) - preparos cavitários realizados com ponta diamantada em alta rotação, restaurados com guta-percha plastificada, cimento ionômero de vidro e verniz cavitário (G 1A; n=12) ou com técnicas adesivas (sistema restaurador adesivo aplicando-se o condicionamento ácido total) e cimento ionômero de vidro (G 1B; n=12); G 2 (n=24) - preparos cavitários com ponta CVD ativada por ultrassom, restaurados com gutapercha plastificada, cimento ionômero de vidro e verniz cavitário (G 2A; n=12) ou com técnicas adesivas (sistema restaurador adesivo aplicando-se o condicionamento ácido total) e cimento ionômero de vidro (G 2B; n=12); e G 3 (controle; n=4) - dentes que foram extraídos sem a realização de qualquer procedimento. Os preparos cavitários foram realizados mantendo o assoalho da cavidade o mais próximo possível da polpa, no entanto, sem provocar exposição pulpar. Os dentes foram extraídos após três períodos experimentais (imediato, sete e trinta dias após o preparo cavitário), fixados, descalcificados, e processados histologicamente. Cortes teciduais longitudinais seriados de 5 m foram obtidos, corados pelas técnicas de H & E e de Brown & Brenn, e examinados em microscopia ótica. As avaliações morfométricas e por escores foram realizadas e os resultados das mesmas, submetidos, respectivamente, aos testes estatísticos de Mann-Whitney e de Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn, adotando-se um nível de significância de 5%. No período inicial, todos os grupos experimentais (1A, 1B, 2A e 2B) exibiram ligeiro desarranjo da camada odontoblástica vacuolizada e leve invasão da zona acelular de Weil. Não houve diferença entre os grupos experimentais iniciais e o grupo controle. No intervalo de sete dias, pôde-se observar redução da camada odontoblástica, muitos núcleos de odontoblastos aspirados nos túbulos dentinários, alguns espécimes com ausência de pré-dentina e resposta inflamatória aguda com hemorragia. Trinta dias depois, cinco espécimes do total avaliado apresentaram dentina terciária; dois espécimes do grupo 1B apresentaram necrose relacionada com a presença de bactérias nos túbulos dentinários; e os demais mostraram graus variados de inflamação crônica, associados a restaurações adesivas ou a processos de reparo, com proliferação de vasos e persistência de focos de hemorragia. Portanto, os dois tipos de instrumentação cavitária promovem respostas pulpares similares entre si, mas as diferentes técnicas restauradoras promovem efeitos significativamente diferentes sobre o complexo dentinopulpar. / The aim of this study is to analyze the pulp response of human teeth to class V cavity preparation, in function of two different instrumentation and restorative techniques. Class V cavities were made on the buccal surfaces of 48 sound human pre-molars from orthodontic patients from 11 to 25 years, and were divided as follows: G1 (n=24) cavity preparations were made with diamond bur under high speed, restored with either plasticized gutta-percha, glass ionomer cement and surface coated with varnish (G1A) or adhesive protocol (total etch technique and adhesive system application) with glass ionomer filling (G1B); G2 (n=24) cavity preparations were made with diamond CVD point and ultrasonic device, restored with either plasticized gutta-percha, glass ionomer cement and surface coated with varnish (G2A) or adhesive protocol (total etch technique and adhesive system application) with glass ionomer filling (G2B); and control group G3 (n=4) extracted teeth with no previous cavity preparation. All avities were prepared with the cavity floor as close to the pulp as possible, without causing pulp exposure. Teeth extractions were made in three experimental periods (immediate, 7 and 30 days after cavity preparation) and right after extraction they were submitted to histological procedures. Longitudinal tissue serial sections of 5 mm were obtained, H&E and Brown&Brenn stained, and analyzed under optical microscope. Morphometric and score evaluations were carried out and data from both were, respectively, submitted to Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn tests, with 5% significance. Immediately, all experimental groups (1A, 1B, 2A and 2B) exhibited a discrete disorganization of the odontoblastic layer and invasion of the Weil zone. There was no difference between experimental and control groups. At 7-day interval, a decrease of the odontoblastic layer was observed. Many odontoblasts nucleus were seen displaced into the dentinal tubules. Some specimens showed absence of pre-dentine and inflammatory pulp response with hemorrhage. Thirty days later, five specimens presented tertiary dentin formation; two specimens from group 1B presented necrosis coincident with bacteria inside the dentinal tubules; the other specimens showed various degrees of chronic inflammation, associated to adhesive restorations or repair processes, with blood vessels proliferation and persistent hemorrhagic areas. Therefore, both instrumentation techniques promoted similar pulp response, but different restoration procedures elicited significantly different responses of the dentinpulp complex.

This report details work toward the fabrication of a single-electron transistor created from a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT). Specifically discussed is a method for growing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) via carbon vapor deposition (CVD). The growth is catalyzed by a solution of 0.02g Fe(NO3)3·9H2O, 0.005g MoO2(acac)2, and 0.015g of alumina particles in 15mL methanol. SWNT diameter ranges from 0.6 to 3.0 nm. Also discussed is a method to control nanotube growth location by patterning samples with small islands of catalyst. A novel “maskless” photolithographic process is used to focus light from a lightweight commercial digital projector through a microscope. Catalyst islands created by this method are approximately 400 μm2 in area.

This report details work toward the fabrication of a single-electron transistor created from a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT). Specifically discussed is a method for growing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) via carbon vapor deposition (CVD). The growth is catalyzed by a solution of 0.02g Fe(NO3)3·9H2O, 0.005g MoO2(acac)2, and 0.015g of alumina particles in 15mL methanol. SWNT diameter ranges from 0.6 to 3.0 nm. Also discussed is a method to control nanotube growth location by patterning samples with small islands of catalyst. A novel “maskless” photolithographic process is used to focus light from a lightweight commercial digital projector through a microscope. Catalyst islands created by this method are approximately 400 μm2 in area.

This report details work toward the fabrication of a single-electron transistor created from a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT). Specifically discussed is a method for growing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) via carbon vapor deposition (CVD). The growth is catalyzed by a solution of 0.02g Fe(NO3)3·9H2O, 0.005g MoO2(acac)2, and 0.015g of alumina particles in 15mL methanol. SWNT diameter ranges from 0.6 to 3.0 nm. Also discussed is a method to control nanotube growth location by patterning samples with small islands of catalyst. A novel “maskless” photolithographic process is used to focus light from a lightweight commercial digital projector through a microscope. Catalyst islands created by this method are approximately 400 μm2 in area.