Diabetes mellitus is characterized by hyperglycemia, oxidative stress and excessive production of intermediary metabolites including methylglyoxal (MGO), a reactive carbonyl. MGO can readily interact with proteins, lipids and DNA, and cause an imbalance of the cellular antioxidant system leading to carbonyl stress. The effects of MGO can be devastating if the targeted molecules are responsible for the maintenance of membrane potentials and ionic homeostasis. Here we show that MGO disrupts the vascular isoform of ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels by acting on the mRNAs of Kir6.1 and SUR2B subunits thereby regulating vascular tone. Our results show that the 3’ untranslated region (UTR) of Kir6.1 mRNA and the coding region of SUR2B mRNA are targeted by MGO causing a disruption of vascular KATP channels. The destabilization of the mRNAs of KATP channel can in turn affect K+ homeostasis of vascular smooth muscles as well as vascular responses to circulating vasodilators and vasoconstrictors.

Les stress oxydant et carbonylé interviennent dans le mécanisme physiopathologique de la dégénérescence maculaire liée à l'âge (DMLA) et de la maladie de Stargardt, constituant ainsi une cible thérapeutique intéressante. Une molécule lead de type lipophénol a préalablement été mise en évidence. Cette molécule est composée d’une partie phénolique de type alkylphloroglucinol, et lipidique de type oméga-3 (acide docosahexaènoïque, C22:6, ω3, DHA). Afin d’améliorer l’activité antioxydante de ce lipophénol, la synthèse totale de deux DHA deutérés en positions bis-allyliques a été réalisée. Leurs couplages au phloroglucinol alkylé a ensuite conduit aux dérivés lipophénoliques deutérés correspondants. L’impact des deutériums sur la diminution de la toxicité cellulaire et de la peroxydation lipidique a ensuite été mis en évidence lors d’une évaluation biologique in vitro réalisée en cellules de l’épithélium pigmentaire rétinien. / Age Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) and Genetic Stargardt’s disease share a common cytotoxic mechanism involving carbonyl and oxidative stress. Hence both stresses represent promising therapeutic targets. A lipophenol lead molecule has been previously highlighted. This molecule is composed by an alkylphloroglucinol moiety and a lipid part which is a polyunsaturated fatty acid, the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6, ω3). In order to improve the antioxidant activity of this lipophenol, the total synthesis of two deuterated DHA on bis-allylic positions was performed. The cross-coupling between the deuterated DHA and the alkylphloroglucinol moiety led to the corresponding deuterated lipophenols. The impact of the deuterium to limit the cell toxicity and the lipid peroxidation was highlighted thanks to in vitro biological studies performed on retinal pigment epithelium cell line.

Aims: 1. Determination of AGEs (Advanced Glycation End products) in patients with various types of nephropathy. 2. Association AGEs with nutritional parameters and anemia. 3. Influence of renal parameters on sRAGE (soluble form of Receptor for Advanced Glycation End products) levels. 4. Technics and proceeding methods of the podocytes cultivation. 5. Determination of urine podocytes. Methods: We determined fluorescent AGEs by spectrofluorometry, sRAGE by Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA). Podocytes were passaged and identified immunocytochemically. Podocytes in urine were specified by flow cytometry method. Results: 1. We did not find significant differences in AGEs serum levels among various types of nephropathy, even though the pathogenesis differs. 2. The albumin and prealbumin levels positively and haemoglobin levels negatively correlate with AGEs in patients with CKD grade 1-5, without necessity of dialysis. 3. Serum sRAGE levels are increased in patients with decreased renal function independently on the course of renal disease. 4. We implemented the methods and technics of podocyte cultivation. 5. Urine podocytes observation and confirmation that podocyturia relates to disease activity. Conclusion: We confirmed that AGEs serum levels depend more on renal function than the type of...

Aims: 1. Determination of AGEs (Advanced Glycation End products) in patients with various types of nephropathy. 2. Association AGEs with nutritional parameters and anemia. 3. Influence of renal parameters on sRAGE (soluble form of Receptor for Advanced Glycation End products) levels. 4. Technics and proceeding methods of the podocytes cultivation. 5. Determination of urine podocytes. Methods: We determined fluorescent AGEs by spectrofluorometry, sRAGE by Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA). Podocytes were passaged and identified immunocytochemically. Podocytes in urine were specified by flow cytometry method. Results: 1. We did not find significant differences in AGEs serum levels among various types of nephropathy, even though the pathogenesis differs. 2. The albumin and prealbumin levels positively and haemoglobin levels negatively correlate with AGEs in patients with CKD grade 1-5, without necessity of dialysis. 3. Serum sRAGE levels are increased in patients with decreased renal function independently on the course of renal disease. 4. We implemented the methods and technics of podocyte cultivation. 5. Urine podocytes observation and confirmation that podocyturia relates to disease activity. Conclusion: We confirmed that AGEs serum levels depend more on renal function than the type of...