No description available.

BACKGROUND. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) is a risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD) in nontransplant patients. We evaluated the association between Lp-PLA2, cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) assessed by 3D intravascular ultrasound, and incidence of cardiac adverse events in heart transplant recipients. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Fasting blood samples were obtained and stored from a cross-section of 112 cardiac transplant recipients attending the Mayo cardiac transplant clinic in 2000 to 2001, mean of 4.7 years after transplant. Lp-PLA2 was measured in plasma aliquots using an enzyme-linked immunoassay. Fifty-six of these patients subsequently underwent two 3D intravascular ultrasound studies in 2004 to 2006 12 months apart. Cardiovascular (CV) events included percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤45% secondary to CAV and CV death. RESULTS. High Lp-PLA2 level was associated with increase in plaque volume (r=0.43, P=0.0026) and percent plaque volume (r=0.45, P=0.0004). The association remained significant after adjusting for clinical and lipid variables. During follow-up of 5.1±1.6 years, 24 CV adverse events occurred in 15 of 112 (13%) heart transplant patients. Lp-PLA2 level>236 ng/mL (higher tertile) identified a subgroup of patients having a 2.4-fold increase of relative risk for combined endpoint of CV events (percutaneous coronary intervention, CABG, LVEF<45%, and CV death; 95% CI 1.16-5.19, P=0.012) compared with patients with Lp-PLA2≤236 ng/mL. CONCLUSIONS. Lp-PLA2 is independently associated with progression of CAV and predicts a higher incidence of CV events and CV death in transplant patients. This finding supports the concept that systemic inflammation is an important mediator of CAV. Lp-PLA2 may be a useful marker for risk of CAV and a therapeutic target in posttransplant patients.

No description available.

No description available.

Background: In recent years mechanical circulatory assist devices became an established option in bridging patients with refractory heart failure to heart transplantation. One of the alleged limitations of mechanical devices is a high degree of antibody production with possible deleterious effect on subsequent heart transplantation outcome. Aim: The main goal of this study is to assess the role of antibodies on the outcome of surgical treatment of patients with end- stage heart failure. Method: Firstly, we present a literature review on the current state of knowledge of possible immunologic mechanisms involved in antibody production in left ventricular assist device (LVAD) recipients, new methods of antibody detection, desensitization strategies and overview of published evidence assessing the impact of sensitization on post-transplantation outcome. In the experimental part of our study we prospectively evaluated the presence of anti-Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor (AT1R) antibodies in 83 Heart Mate II (HMII) recipients who were implanted at our institution between 2008 and 2012 and survived the first 60 days. On-device survival and device malfunction, major infection, major bleeding and neurologic dysfunction were compared between antibody positive and antibody negative recipients. Out of a total...

Background: In recent years mechanical circulatory assist devices became an established option in bridging patients with refractory heart failure to heart transplantation. One of the alleged limitations of mechanical devices is a high degree of antibody production with possible deleterious effect on subsequent heart transplantation outcome. Aim: The main goal of this study is to assess the role of antibodies on the outcome of surgical treatment of patients with end- stage heart failure. Method: Firstly, we present a literature review on the current state of knowledge of possible immunologic mechanisms involved in antibody production in left ventricular assist device (LVAD) recipients, new methods of antibody detection, desensitization strategies and overview of published evidence assessing the impact of sensitization on post-transplantation outcome. In the experimental part of our study we prospectively evaluated the presence of anti-Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor (AT1R) antibodies in 83 Heart Mate II (HMII) recipients who were implanted at our institution between 2008 and 2012 and survived the first 60 days. On-device survival and device malfunction, major infection, major bleeding and neurologic dysfunction were compared between antibody positive and antibody negative recipients. Out of a total...

Estudos anteriores demonstram que fatores psicológicos intervêm nos resultados de um transplante cardíaco. Diferem, em seus achados, em função dos paradigmas a que estão vinculados, que incluem ou não o campo intersubjetivo nos quais os fenômenos emergem. Nesta investigação objetivamos descrever o funcionamento mental de pacientes candidatos ao transplante, a partir de suas relações objetais inconscientes, delimitando uma vivência emocional comum nesta situação, bem como, buscamos averiguar se existem diferenças entre os pacientes, em função da realização ou não da cirurgia. Utilizou-se, como procedimento, o Teste de Relações Objetais de H. Phillipson (TRO), aplicado em 63 cardiopatas com indicação ao procedimento. O material clínico proveniente do acompanhamento psicológico destes pacientes também é utilizado para completarmos as observações. Os resultados apontam a presença de indicadores psicopatológicos, de acordo com a classificação de Grassano (1996) para depressão clínica em 60 casos. Em dois casos observaram-se indicadores para psicopatia e um caso para funcionamento psicótico, com repercussões negativas sobre o vínculo com o tratamento. Constataram-se diferenças estatisticamente significantes na performance dos pacientes frente às lâminas BG e C2, mas não podemos afirmar que as dificuldades de ajuste perceptual nestas lâminas, mais freqüentes entre aqueles que não fazem a cirurgia, seja fator de obstáculo ao procedimento. Sugerimos, como hipótese teórica deste trabalho, a presença de refúgios psíquicos, de acordo com Steiner (1997) como estratégia de sobrevivência psíquica, nesta situação, tendo em vista o predomínio, regressivo, de relações de objeto persecutórias, em virtude da extrema ansiedade depressiva. Assim, neste refúgio (ninho da Fênix), o paciente abriga-se da dor da perda (luto pela vida, pelo coração a ser retirado) e da aniquilação (devastação da doença, risco cirúrgico e da imunossupressão), conseguindo enfrentar o processo de transplante cardíaco. Caso contrário, o paciente sucumbe ao quadro depressivo. / Prior studies have shown that psychological factors influence the results not a hearth transplant. The findings are different in function of the paradigm linked to them that may include or not the inter-subjective field from which the phenomena emerge. The purpose of this research was to describe the mental functioning of patients who are candidate to a heart transplant, starting from their unconscious object relations that delimit a shared emotional existence upon that situation, and we also verified if there were differences between patients as to the accomplishment or not of the surgery. The procedure used was the Object Relation Test (ORT) applied over 63 cardiac patients who had indication for that procedure. The clinical material arose from the psychological follow-up performed with those patients was used to complete the observations as well. The results indicate the presence of psychopathological markers, following the Grassano's classification (1996) to the clinical depression in 60 cases. The markers for psychopathy were observed in two cases, and in one case it was observed the marker for psychotic functioning with negative repercussions on the link to the treatment. It was verified statistically significant differences in the patients' performance on the analysis of the BG and C2 plates, but it was impossible to assert that the difficulties in the perceptual adjustment in those plates which were more frequently found plates in patients who were not submitted to the surgery is an obstacle factor to the procedure. The theoretical hypothesis we have suggested in this paper is the presence of psychic refuges, according to Steiner (1997) as strategy for psychic survival to face such situation, having in mind the regressive predominance of the relationships of persecutory object upon an extremely depressive anxiety. Thus, in such refuge (the Phoenix's nest), the patient has a shelter against the pain caused by the loss (mourning the life because one's heart has to be withdrawn), and the annihilation (devastation caused by the disease, surgical risk, and due to the immunosuppression), in order to face the heart transplant process. Otherwise, the patient succumbs to the depressive situation.

O transplante cardíaco representa a última alternativa de tratamento e única possibilidade de sobrevivência do paciente com insuficiência cardíaca (IC) terminal. É indicado quando todos os procedimentos foram considerados ou excluídos no tratamento da cardiopatia grave. Atualmente, os resultados obtidos com a cirurgia de enxerto indicam possibilidade de aumento de sobrevida do transplantado que, de outro modo, iria a óbito. Em aproximadamente 80% dos transplantes de coração hoje realizados, os pacientes estão vivos dois anos após a cirurgia. Devido à escassez de trabalhos encontrados na literatura, a presente pesquisa foi realizada com mulheres cardiopatas indicadas à cirurgia de enxerto. Questiona-se a interferência de relações objetais estabelecidas pelas pacientes na decisão de submissão à cirurgia e adesão aos cuidados do pós-operatório. O objetivo principal foi verificar a dinâmica emocional de mulheres candidatas ao transplante cardíaco. Foram utilizados como instrumentos o Teste de Relações Objetais de Phillipson (TRO), interpretado através de investigações sobre o Sistema Tensional Inconsciente Dominante (STID), e a entrevista clínica classificada a partir da Escala Diagnóstica Adaptativa Operacionalizada (EDAO), aplicados em sete pacientes encaminhadas à avaliação psicológica pelo Setor de Transplante Cardíaco do Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia (IDPC), em São Paulo. A análise dos achados se deu à luz da teoria psicanalítica das Relações Objetais de Melanie Klein. Constatou-se que as mulheres indicadas ao transplante de coração, participantes da presente pesquisa, estabelecem relações objetais persecutórias correspondentes às fases mais arcaicas do desenvolvimento esquizoparanóide e viscocárica. Agindo como fator tensional, a doença cardíaca terminal pode ser vivida como perigo interno, induzindo a excessiva pressão das forças de morte e agravando tendências à negação e abandono do tratamento. / The cardiac transplantation represents the last alternative of treatment and an unique possibility of surviving for the patient with terminal cardiac insufficiency (CI). It is indicated when all other procedures were considerate or excluded for the treatment of serious cardiomyopathy. Currently, the results archieved with the graft surgery indicate the possibility of growth in overlife of patients that submitted for a transplant which, otherwise, would die. In approximately 80% of the cases of heart transplantations today, the patients are still alive two years after the procedure. Due to the lack of studies found in literature, the current research was made with cardiomyopathy women that submitted for a graft surgery. It is questioned the interference of object relations established by the patients in the decision to submit for the surgery and in the adhesion to the pos-operatory cares. The main objective was to verify the emotional dynamic of women applying for a cardiac transplantation. Where used as instruments the Object Relations Test (ORT), by Herbert Phillipson, interpreted by investigations over Unconscious Tensional System, and clinical interviews using the Adaptive and Operationalized Diagnostic Scale (AODS), applied in seven patients sent to psychological analysis at the cardiac transplantation sector of Dante Pazzanese Institute (IDPC), in São Paulo. The analyses of the results were made using Melanie Klein´s psychoanalytical theory. The women investigated who applied to the transplantation established persecutory object relations corresponding to the more archaic phases of the development. Acting as a tensional factor, the terminal cardiac disease can be lived as an intern danger, inducting to excessive pressure of forces of death and aggravating tendencies to treatment denial and abandonment.

O transplante cardíaco representa a última alternativa de tratamento e única possibilidade de sobrevivência do paciente com insuficiência cardíaca (IC) terminal. É indicado quando todos os procedimentos foram considerados ou excluídos no tratamento da cardiopatia grave. Atualmente, os resultados obtidos com a cirurgia de enxerto indicam possibilidade de aumento de sobrevida do transplantado que, de outro modo, iria a óbito. Em aproximadamente 80% dos transplantes de coração hoje realizados, os pacientes estão vivos dois anos após a cirurgia. Devido à escassez de trabalhos encontrados na literatura, a presente pesquisa foi realizada com mulheres cardiopatas indicadas à cirurgia de enxerto. Questiona-se a interferência de relações objetais estabelecidas pelas pacientes na decisão de submissão à cirurgia e adesão aos cuidados do pós-operatório. O objetivo principal foi verificar a dinâmica emocional de mulheres candidatas ao transplante cardíaco. Foram utilizados como instrumentos o Teste de Relações Objetais de Phillipson (TRO), interpretado através de investigações sobre o Sistema Tensional Inconsciente Dominante (STID), e a entrevista clínica classificada a partir da Escala Diagnóstica Adaptativa Operacionalizada (EDAO), aplicados em sete pacientes encaminhadas à avaliação psicológica pelo Setor de Transplante Cardíaco do Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia (IDPC), em São Paulo. A análise dos achados se deu à luz da teoria psicanalítica das Relações Objetais de Melanie Klein. Constatou-se que as mulheres indicadas ao transplante de coração, participantes da presente pesquisa, estabelecem relações objetais persecutórias correspondentes às fases mais arcaicas do desenvolvimento esquizoparanóide e viscocárica. Agindo como fator tensional, a doença cardíaca terminal pode ser vivida como perigo interno, induzindo a excessiva pressão das forças de morte e agravando tendências à negação e abandono do tratamento. / The cardiac transplantation represents the last alternative of treatment and an unique possibility of surviving for the patient with terminal cardiac insufficiency (CI). It is indicated when all other procedures were considerate or excluded for the treatment of serious cardiomyopathy. Currently, the results archieved with the graft surgery indicate the possibility of growth in overlife of patients that submitted for a transplant which, otherwise, would die. In approximately 80% of the cases of heart transplantations today, the patients are still alive two years after the procedure. Due to the lack of studies found in literature, the current research was made with cardiomyopathy women that submitted for a graft surgery. It is questioned the interference of object relations established by the patients in the decision to submit for the surgery and in the adhesion to the pos-operatory cares. The main objective was to verify the emotional dynamic of women applying for a cardiac transplantation. Where used as instruments the Object Relations Test (ORT), by Herbert Phillipson, interpreted by investigations over Unconscious Tensional System, and clinical interviews using the Adaptive and Operationalized Diagnostic Scale (AODS), applied in seven patients sent to psychological analysis at the cardiac transplantation sector of Dante Pazzanese Institute (IDPC), in São Paulo. The analyses of the results were made using Melanie Klein´s psychoanalytical theory. The women investigated who applied to the transplantation established persecutory object relations corresponding to the more archaic phases of the development. Acting as a tensional factor, the terminal cardiac disease can be lived as an intern danger, inducting to excessive pressure of forces of death and aggravating tendencies to treatment denial and abandonment.

Estudos anteriores demonstram que fatores psicológicos intervêm nos resultados de um transplante cardíaco. Diferem, em seus achados, em função dos paradigmas a que estão vinculados, que incluem ou não o campo intersubjetivo nos quais os fenômenos emergem. Nesta investigação objetivamos descrever o funcionamento mental de pacientes candidatos ao transplante, a partir de suas relações objetais inconscientes, delimitando uma vivência emocional comum nesta situação, bem como, buscamos averiguar se existem diferenças entre os pacientes, em função da realização ou não da cirurgia. Utilizou-se, como procedimento, o Teste de Relações Objetais de H. Phillipson (TRO), aplicado em 63 cardiopatas com indicação ao procedimento. O material clínico proveniente do acompanhamento psicológico destes pacientes também é utilizado para completarmos as observações. Os resultados apontam a presença de indicadores psicopatológicos, de acordo com a classificação de Grassano (1996) para depressão clínica em 60 casos. Em dois casos observaram-se indicadores para psicopatia e um caso para funcionamento psicótico, com repercussões negativas sobre o vínculo com o tratamento. Constataram-se diferenças estatisticamente significantes na performance dos pacientes frente às lâminas BG e C2, mas não podemos afirmar que as dificuldades de ajuste perceptual nestas lâminas, mais freqüentes entre aqueles que não fazem a cirurgia, seja fator de obstáculo ao procedimento. Sugerimos, como hipótese teórica deste trabalho, a presença de refúgios psíquicos, de acordo com Steiner (1997) como estratégia de sobrevivência psíquica, nesta situação, tendo em vista o predomínio, regressivo, de relações de objeto persecutórias, em virtude da extrema ansiedade depressiva. Assim, neste refúgio (ninho da Fênix), o paciente abriga-se da dor da perda (luto pela vida, pelo coração a ser retirado) e da aniquilação (devastação da doença, risco cirúrgico e da imunossupressão), conseguindo enfrentar o processo de transplante cardíaco. Caso contrário, o paciente sucumbe ao quadro depressivo. / Prior studies have shown that psychological factors influence the results not a hearth transplant. The findings are different in function of the paradigm linked to them that may include or not the inter-subjective field from which the phenomena emerge. The purpose of this research was to describe the mental functioning of patients who are candidate to a heart transplant, starting from their unconscious object relations that delimit a shared emotional existence upon that situation, and we also verified if there were differences between patients as to the accomplishment or not of the surgery. The procedure used was the Object Relation Test (ORT) applied over 63 cardiac patients who had indication for that procedure. The clinical material arose from the psychological follow-up performed with those patients was used to complete the observations as well. The results indicate the presence of psychopathological markers, following the Grassano's classification (1996) to the clinical depression in 60 cases. The markers for psychopathy were observed in two cases, and in one case it was observed the marker for psychotic functioning with negative repercussions on the link to the treatment. It was verified statistically significant differences in the patients' performance on the analysis of the BG and C2 plates, but it was impossible to assert that the difficulties in the perceptual adjustment in those plates which were more frequently found plates in patients who were not submitted to the surgery is an obstacle factor to the procedure. The theoretical hypothesis we have suggested in this paper is the presence of psychic refuges, according to Steiner (1997) as strategy for psychic survival to face such situation, having in mind the regressive predominance of the relationships of persecutory object upon an extremely depressive anxiety. Thus, in such refuge (the Phoenix's nest), the patient has a shelter against the pain caused by the loss (mourning the life because one's heart has to be withdrawn), and the annihilation (devastation caused by the disease, surgical risk, and due to the immunosuppression), in order to face the heart transplant process. Otherwise, the patient succumbs to the depressive situation.