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Antioxidant activity was measured in 14 plant species incorporated in more than 30% of Tibetan medicines used for cardiovascular disease and related symptoms according to indigenous pharmacopoeias. The study was undertaken in order to explore possible dietary/medicinal elements which may contribute to the reportedly low incidence of cardiovascular disease among Tibetan highlanders despite high hematocrit levels and a high saturated fat/low fruit and vegetable diet. Extracts of Terminalia chebula, Syzygium aromaticum, Aquilaria agallocha, Santalum album, Amomum subulatum, Justicia adhatoda and Myristica fragrans were strong scavengers of the 1,1 diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical (P < 0.05). Cu2+-catalyzed low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation was measured in vitro using thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) formation and monitoring change in absorbency at 234 rim from conjugated dienes. The hexane fraction of S. aromaticum significantly reduced LDL susceptibility to oxidation (1339.96 +/- 7.01 min. lag time, P < 0.05), more than three times longer than TroloxRTM (431.02 +/- 21.19 min). Results of TBARS (90 min.: r = 0.71, P < 0.005; 180 min.: r = 0.74, P < 0.005) and DPPH (r = 0.69, P < 0.05) assays positively correlated to conjugated dienes formation. Our results suggest that these plants are likely to contribute to the therapeutic effects of traditional drugs used to treat cardiovascular disease.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1993. / Microfiche. / ix, 211 leaves, bound 29 cm

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-13T14:50:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-07-22Bitstream added on 2014-08-13T18:01:16Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000726159.pdf: 545938 bytes, checksum: 2b73843327fd1c68bb521b616fcace64 (MD5) / As doenças cardiovasculares representam a primeira causa de morte no Brasil e no mundo. Os poucos estudos biomédicos realizados com grupos indígenas aldeados revelam que obesidade, hipertensão arterial sistêmica e diabetes Mellitus, principais fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento das doenças cardiovasculares, têm sido frequentes. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a prevalência dos fatores de risco para as doenças cardiovasculares entre indígenas das etnias do Rio Negro, dos sateré-mawé e de seus vizinhos brancos, pardos/negros que residem na cidade de Manaus. Casuística e Métodos: A amostra foi de 191 sujeitos, sendo 35 (18,3%) indígenas sateré-mawé, 43 (22,5%) indígenas do Rio Negro, 24 (12,6%) brancos e 89 pardos/negros (46,6%). Resultados: Os resultados mostraram que, em todos os grupos, as mulheres foram maioria. A prevalência de HAS foi de 25% entre os pardos/negros, 21% entre os brancos, 11,6% nos indígenas do Rio Negro e 2,3% nos sateré-mawé. A análise de regressão logística mostrou que os indígenas do Rio Negro apresentaram chances semelhantes a dos brancos e pardos/negros para desenvolver HAS, enquanto que os indígenas sateré-mawé apresentaram maior proteção para vir a ter a doença. Por outro lado, os indígenas do Rio Negro apresentaram menor chance de terem triglicerídeos elevados, enquanto que os indígenas sateré-mawé tiveram chances similares aos brancos e pardos/negros. Para todos os grupos, o aumento do IMC, assim como o sedentarismo e atividade física irregular, estiveram associados a níveis de glicemia e triglicerídeos mais elevados. Discussão: Sugere-se que a mudança do estilo de vida e dos hábitos alimentares para os grupos, principalmente os indígenas, tenha influenciado tanto os mecanismos de proteção, como os de maior exposição aos fatores de risco para as DCVs. Conclusão: Entende-se a necessidade de estudos que possibilitem investigar, de forma mais detalhada... / Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in Brazil and worldwide. The few biomedical studies conducted with indigenous groups in villages reveal that obesity, hypertension and diabetes mellitus, major risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases, have been frequent. Objective: This study aimed to compare the prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases among indigenous ethnic groups of the Rio Negro region, the sateré-mawé and their white neighbors, browns / blacks living in the city of Manaus. Methods: The sample consisted of 191 subjects, 35 (18.3%) sateré-mawé natives, 43 (22.5%) natives of the Rio Negro, 24 (12.6%) white and 89 browns / blacks (46.6%). Results: The results showed that in all groups there were mostly women. The prevalence of hypertension was 25% among the browns / blacks, 21% among whites, 11.6% among natives of the Rio Negro and 2.3% in sateré-mawé. The logistic regression analysis showed that the natives of Rio Negro had similar chances to whites and browns / blacks to develop hypertension, whereas the sateré-mawé natives showed greater protection to come to have the disease. On the other hand, the natives of Rio Negro were less likely to have high triglycerides, while the sateré-mawé had similar chances to whites and browns / blacks. For all groups increased BMI, as well as sedentary lifestyles and irregular physical activity, were associated with blood glucose levels and higher triglycerides. Discussion: We suggest that changes in lifestyle and eating habits of these groups, especially indigenous people, have influenced both protection mechanisms, such as increased exposure to risk factors for CVD’s. Conclusion: There is need for studies that investigate in more detail, the types and amounts of food consumed by these groups; or there is the hypothesis that saterê-mawé natives have some additional protective factor for hypertension.

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