Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-07-26T18:05:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Albiane Carvalho Dias.pdf: 1710937 bytes, checksum: 54d2634d67d97d4c119e2aa8507ca99b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-26T18:05:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Albiane Carvalho Dias.pdf: 1710937 bytes, checksum: 54d2634d67d97d4c119e2aa8507ca99b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-23 / CAPES / The inappropriate management of leachate can cause negative environmental impacts, in order to compromise the availability and quality of natural resources, reason of to their complex composition and high polluter potential. One of the alternatives for the treatment of landfill leachate is its combined treatment with domestic sewage in sewage treatment plants, although higher proportions of the leachate in the sewage could compromise the efficiency of the process. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the combined treatment of landfill leachate and domestic sewage in biomass and activated carbon systems. For this, were used sequential batch reactors in lab-scale and two types of activated carbon - granular (GAC) and pulverized (PAC). The work consisted of two stages, among them they are: the tests where the reactors were fed with different mixtures of leachate/synthetic sewage (0, 2, 5 e 10%) and concentrations of GAC (0, 2, 4 e 6 g/L) operating with residence times 23h and sludge ages 28 days; and tests where the reactors were fed with a mixture of 5% leachate/sewage; fixed a PAC concentration of 6 g/L and were operated on with differents HRT of 23, 16 and 8 hours and sludge ages of 28, 28, and 17 days, respectively. It has been evaluated, the difference between the two types of carbon regarding COD removal efficiency, in the following configurations: fixing the concentration of carbono (6 g/L) and the percentage of leachate in the feed (5% v/v), for the batch time of 23 h and sludge age of 28 d. For the first step, it was possible to verify that the COD removal efficiency was higher in the reactors containing GAC and biomass when comparedes to the reactor containing only biomass. And along this stage of the experiment it was possible to observe that after the increase of leachate concentration in the feed there was a significant drop in COD removal efficiency. In the evaluation of the PACT? process, it was verified that the reactor with HRT of 23 h was the one that presented the best COD and color removal efficiencies the process, 79 and 44%, respectively. In the comparative tests between the two types of carbon, the PAC system proved to be much more efficient in the removal of COD, presenting an average efficiency of 79% when compared to the GAC system (63%). / O gerenciamento inadequado do lixiviado pode causar impactos ambientais negativos, de forma a comprometer a disponibilidade e qualidade dos recursos naturais, devido sua composi??o complexa e seu elevado potencial poluidor. Uma das alternativas para o tratamento de lixiviado de aterros sanit?rios ? o seu tratamento combinado com esgoto dom?stico em esta??es de tratamento de esgoto, embora propor??es mais elevadas do lixiviado no esgoto possam comprometer a efici?ncia do processo. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a efici?ncia do tratamento combinado de lixiviado de aterro sanit?rio e esgoto dom?stico em sistemas com biomassa e carv?o ativado. Para isto, foram utilizados reatores em batelada sequencial em escala de laborat?rio e dois tipos de carv?o ativado- granular (CAG) e pulverizado (CAP). O trabalho foi constitu?do de duas etapas, dentre elas est?o: os ensaios onde os reatores foram alimentados com diferentes misturas de lixiviado/esgoto sint?tico (0, 2, 5 e 10%) e concentra??es de CAG (0, 2, 4 e 6 g/L) operando com tempos de resid?ncia de 23 h e idades do lodo de 28 dias; e ensaios onde os reatores foram alimentados com uma mistura de 5% de lixiviado/esgoto, fixado uma concentra??o de CAP de 6 g/L e foram operados com diferentes tempos de resid?ncia de 23, 16 e 8 horas e idades de lodo de 28, 28, e 17 dias, respectivamente. Avaliou-se, ainda, a diferen?a entre os dois tipos de carv?o quanto ? efici?ncia de remo??o de DQO, nas seguintes configura??es: fixando a concentra??o de carv?o (6 g/L) e o percentual de lixiviado na alimenta??o (5% v/v), para o tempo de batelada de 23 h e idade do lodo de 28 d. Para a primeira etapa, foi poss?vel verificar que a efici?ncia de remo??o de DQO foi superior nos reatores contendo CAG e biomassa quando comparados ao reator contendo apenas biomassa. E ao longo desta etapa do experimento foi poss?vel observar que ap?s o aumento da concentra??o de lixiviado na alimenta??o houve queda significativa na efici?ncia de remo??o de DQO. Na avalia??o do processo PACT?, verificou-se que o reator com tempo de resid?ncia de 23 h foi o que apresentou as melhores efici?ncias de remo??o de DQO e cor do processo, 79 e 44%, respectivamente. Nos testes comparativos entre os dois tipos de carv?o, o sistema com CAP mostrou-se muito mais eficiente na remo??o de DQO, apresentando efici?ncia m?dia de 79%, quando comparado ao sistema com CAG (63%).

"Resumo/Abstract", "palavras-chave/keywords" nos cap?tulos trabalho. / Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-03-27T20:52:05Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) fernanda_gandra_oliveira.pdf: 3187185 bytes, checksum: 690bd6e7967bbab89412d221de93c88a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-04-24T14:26:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) fernanda_gandra_oliveira.pdf: 3187185 bytes, checksum: 690bd6e7967bbab89412d221de93c88a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-24T14:26:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) fernanda_gandra_oliveira.pdf: 3187185 bytes, checksum: 690bd6e7967bbab89412d221de93c88a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) / O comp?sito nFZV-CAG foi empregado para a ozoniza??o catal?tica heterog?nea da NMS em meio aquoso. O oz?nio foi gerado por uma central geradora de oz?nio IPABRAS, alimentada com ar. Foram avaliados diferentes processos catal?ticos como O3, CAG, O3-CAG, O3-nFZV- CAG, e a varia??o da concentra??o das nFZV para remo??o da NMS. Os resultados mostraram que a combina??o do O3-nFZV-CAG foi muito eficiente levando ? mineraliza??o de aproximadamente 70% da NMS em 120 min de rea??o. Tal efici?ncia pode estar atribu?da ao processo de eletr?lise, em que o Fe0 origina Fe2+ levando ? produ??o do radical hidroxila que ? altamente oxidante, levando a destrui??o do contaminante. As rea??es seguiram a cin?tica pseudo-primeira ordem para remo??o do f?rmaco. Ap?s realizada a coleta as amostras foram submetidas a an?lise qu?mica, empregando-se as t?cnicas de espectrofotometria de UV-Vis, cromatografia l?quida de alta efici?ncia (CLAE) e a determina??o da demanda qu?mica de oxig?nio (DQO) tamb?m foi realizada. / As nanopart?culas de FZV imobilizadas sobre a superf?cie do carv?o ativado (nFZV-CAG) foram sintetizadas e caracterizadas para remo??o do f?rmaco Nimesulida (NMS) em sistemas aquosos. Os estudos foram realizados em bateladas com agita??o de 250 rpm durante 120 minutos, onde foram avaliadas a efici?ncia, concentra??o (20, 25 e 30% do comp?sito) e diferentes dosagens (0,1 a 10g) de nFZV-CAG. Os resultados mostraram que a dosagem de 10 g de 20%nFZV-CAG removeu cerca de 80% da NMS 50 mg L-1 em apenas 30 minutos de rea??o, e atingindo 100% em 120 minutos. Foi observada ainda uma remo??o de 80% da DQO ao final da rea??o. As velocidades de rea??o aumentaram na medida em que foram aumentadas as dosagens do comp?sito, o que seria esperado. Por?m, com o aumento da concentra??o (%) de nFZV n?o houve aumento na velocidade das rea??es. As rea??es seguiram uma cin?tica de pseudo-primeira ordem em rela??o ? remo??o da NMS. Ap?s realizada a coleta, as amostras foram submetidas a an?lise qu?mica, empregando-se as t?cnicas de espectrofotometria de UV- VIS, cromatografia l?quida de alta efici?ncia (CLAE) e a determina??o da demanda qu?mica de oxig?nio (DQO) tamb?m foi realizada. Para caracteriza??o do comp?sito foram empregadas as t?cnicas Microscopia Eletr?nica de Varredura acoplada ? Espectrometria de Energia Dispersiva de Raios-X (MEV-EDS), que mostraram claramente a presen?a da nanopart?culas sobre a superf?cie do carv?o, e analise de superf?cie do nFZV-CAG e do CAG tamb?m foram realizadas. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Qu?mica, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2016. / The FZV nanoparticles immobilized onto the surface of the activated charcoal (nFZV-CAG) were synthesized and characterized for the removal of the pharmaceutical Nimesulide (NMS) in aqueous systems. The studies were performed in batch mode with stirring speeds of 250 rpm during 120 minutes, so that it was possible to evaluate efficiency, concentration (20, 25 and 30% of the composite) and different dosages (0,1 to 10g) of nFZV-CAG. The results showed that the dosage of 10g of 20%nFZV-CAG removed approximately 80% of NMS 50 mg L-1 in just 30 minutes of reaction, and reaching 100% in 120 minutes. It was still observed a removal of 80% of the COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) at the end of the reaction. The reaction rates increased with the dosage of the composite, which was expected. Though, increasing the concentration (%) of nFZV did not result in higher reaction rates. The reactions followed a pseudo-first order kinetics for the removal of NMS. After the samples were collected, they were submitted to chemical analysis, employing the techniques of UV-VIS spectroscopy, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). In order to characterize the composite, the following techniques were used: Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) coupled with Energy Dispersive x-Ray spectroscopy (EDS), which showed clearly the presence of nanoparticles onto the charcoal surface. Analysis of the surface of nFZV-CAG were also performed. / The composite nFZV-CAG was used for the catalytic ozonation of NMS in aqueous media. The ozone was generated by an ozone generator IPABRAS, fuelled with air. Different catalytic processes were evaluated such as O3, CAG, O3-CAG, O3-nFZV-CAG, and the variation of the nFZV concentration for the removal of NMS. The results showed that the combination of O3- nFZV-CAG was very efficient, leading to the mineralization of approximately 70% of NMS in 120 minutes of reaction. Such efficiency can be attributed to the electrolysis process, in which the Fe0 generates Fe2+ which generates hydroxyl radicals that are highly oxidant, leading to the destruction of the contaminant. The reactions followed the pseudo-first order kinetics for the removal of the pharmaceutical. After the samples were collected, they were submitted to chemical analysis such as, UV-VIS spectroscopy, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD).