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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Síntese do propionato de carvacrol e estudo de suas propriedades anti-hiperalgésica e anti-inflamatória em protocolos

Souza, Marília Trindade de Santana 28 March 2014 (has links)
Terpenes are naturally occurring compounds obtained from the plants secondary metabolism. Despite presenting pharmacological effects, structural changes within their skeleton may increasing their pharmacological activity and attenuate the toxicological effects. Carvacrol is a phenolic monoterpene present in essential oils from plants belonging to the Labiatae family. Studies have demonstrated that carvacrol has anti-inflammatory activity. However, sctructural changes may reduce the effective dose of this monoterpene. Thus, in this study, we conducted an extensive systematic review evaluating the antiinflammatory activity of terpenes that suffered an alteration in its structure through synthesis and semi-synthesis, synthesize the carvacrol propionate (CP) from the carvacrol and evaluate its potential antinociceptive, anti-hyperalgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. To build the revision, it was made the search in Scopus, Embase and PubMed databases, using the descriptors anti-inflammatory agents, terpenes and structure activity relationship. In the experimental part, it was used Male Swiss mice (25-35 g) with 2 to 3 months age. The animals were divided in groups and were treated with CP (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg), vehicle (saline solution 0.9% + Tween 80 0.2%) or standard drug, intraperitoneally (i.p.). The antinociceptive effect was evaluated through the formalin (1%) protocol and the hot plate test. The mechanical hyperalgesia was evaluated through the algic agents injection: carragee nan (CG; 300 µg/paw), tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a; 100 pg/paw), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2; 100 ng/paw) or dopamine (DA; 30 µg/paw) using a digital analgesimeter (von Frey). To assess the anti-inflammatory effect, it was used the pleurisy and paw edema induced by GC (1 %) in digital plethysmometer. The cytotoxicity of CP was evaluated by the MTT colorimetric method. The experimental protocols were approved by the UFS ethics committee (CEPA/UFS: 35/12). The results are expressed as mean ± SEM and differences between groups were analyzed by one-way or two-way ANOVA test followed by Tukey or Bonferroni tests. Values of p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. In systematic review, 27 papers were found concerning about terpenes structural modification and the evaluation of their anti-inflammatory activity. In the experimental part, the administration of CP produced a significant decrease (p < 0.01 and 0.001) in the test formalin-induced nociceptive in both phases of the test. In the hot plate test, the reaction time increased significantly at doses 50 and 100 mg/kg (p < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001). CP inhibited the development of mechanical hyperalgesic induced by all agents tested (p < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001). In the evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity, the treatment with CP was able to decrease significantly the leukocyte recruitment (p < 0.001), the TNF-a (p < 0.001), the IL-1ß (p < 0.05) and protein leakage (p < 0.01). In addition, the paw edema induced by CG in mice was inhibited significantly by CP (p < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001). Thus, it is concluded that the CP attenuates nociception, mechanical hyperalgesia and inflammation, through an inhibition of cytokines. Therefore, structural modification terpene can be an interesting alternative for obtaining molecules with pharmacological properties. / Os terpenos sao compostos naturais obtidos do metabolismo secundario das plantas. Apesar de apresentar efeitos farmacologicos, modificacoes estruturais realizadas no seu esqueleto podem levar o aumentando de suas atividades farmacologicas e atenuar os efeitos toxicologicos. Neste contexto, insere-se o carvacrol, um monoterpeno fenolico, presente em oleos essenciais de plantas pertencentes a familia Labiatae. Estudos comprovam a atividade farmacologica deste monoterpeno. No entanto, modificacoes estruturais podem diminuir a dose efetiva deste composto. Desta forma, no presente estudo realizamos uma extensa revisao sistematica que avaliou a atividade anti-inflamatoria de terpenos que sofreram modificacoes em sua estrutura, atraves de sintese. Adicionalmente, sintetizar o propionato de carvacrol (CP), a partir do carvacrol, e avaliar seus possiveis efeitos antinocicepivo, anti-hiperalgesico e anti-inflamatorio. Para construir a revisao, foi realizada a busca nas bases de dados Scopus, PubMed e Embase, utilizando os descritores agentes anti-inflamatorios, terpenos e relacao estrutura atividade. Ja para a parte experimental, foram utilizados camundongos Swiss machos (25-35 g) com 2 a 3 meses de idade. Os animais foram divididos em grupos e foram tratados com CP (25, 50 e 100 mg/kg), veiculo (solucao salina 0,9% + Tween 80 0,2%) ou droga padrao, por via intraperitoneal (i.p.). O efeito antinociceptivo foi avaliado utilizando o protocolo de formalina (1%) e o teste da placa quente. A hiperalgesia mecanica foi avaliada apos a administracao dos agentes algicos carragenina (CG; 300 Êg/pata), fator de necrose tumoral- ¿ (TNF- ¿; 100 pg/pata), prostaglandina E2 (PGE2; 100 .g/pata) ou dopamina (DA; 30 Êg/pata) utilizando o analgesimetro digital Von Frey. Na avaliacao do efeito antiinflamatorio utilizou-se o teste de pleurisia e edema de pata induzido por CG (1%) em pletismometro digital. A citotoxicidade foi avaliada atraves do metodo colorimetrico MTT. Os protocolos experimentais foram aprovados pelo comite de etica da UFS (CEPA/UFS: 35/12). Os resultados foram expressos como media } erro padrao da media e as diferencas entre os grupos foram analisadas por meio do teste de variancia ANOVA, uma via ou duas vias, seguido pelo teste de Tukey ou Bonferroni. Valores de p < 0,05 foram considerados estatisticamente significantes. Na revisao sistematica foram encontrados 27 artigos sobre modificacao estrutural de terpenos e atividade anti-inflamatoria. Na parte experimental, a administracao do CP produziu uma reducao significativa (p < 0,01 ou 0,001) no teste da nocicepcao induzida por formalina, em ambas as fases do teste. No teste da placa quente, o tempo de reacao aumentou significativamente nas doses de 50 e 100 mg/kg (p < 0,05; 0,01 ou 0,001). O CP tambem foi capaz de inibir o desenvolvimento da hiperalgesia mecanica induzida por todos os agentes testados (p < 0,05; 0,01 ou 0,001). Na avaliacao da atividade anti-inflamatoria, o tratamento com CP causou uma diminuicao significativa (p < 0,001) no numero total de leucocitos, diminuindo os niveis de TNF- ¿ (p < 0,001), IL-1 À (p < 0,05) e extravasamento de proteinas (p < 0,01). Alem disso, o edema de pata induzido por CG tambem foi inibido pelo CP (p < 0,05; 0,01 ou 0,001). Desta forma, conclui-se que o CP possui atividade antinociceptiva, anti-hiperalgesica e anti-inflamatoria, provavelmente por inibicao de citocinas. Dessa maneira, a modificacao estrutural em terpeno pode ser uma alternativa interessante para obtencao de moleculas com propriedades farmacologicas.

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