This diploma thesis shows two basic basis, on which the accounting system may be established -- accrual basis and cash basis. The thesis focuses mainly on differences between these two basis, shown on the case of the Czech republic. Both two basis are explained and described, as well as their modifications and the Czech legislature and the International Financial Reporting Standards. Subjects using the accrual basis and the cash basis in the Czech republic are also shown. The thesis deals with specific items, which can figure only in accounting system based on accrual basis. These items conclude depreciation, asset provisions, reserves and deferred tax. The end of the thesis is dedicated to the confrontation of the two basis on the Cash flow statement. This Cash flow statement is based on the cash basis, while it is being used on the accrual basis.

This experimental study investigates the connotative meaning of the concept “cash”, as it relates to the cash flow statement, held by the three key parties to the accounting communication process: preparers, auditors and users. Concerns raised in the accounting profession regarding the susceptibility of the cash flow statement to manipulation, coupled with the recent introduction of NZ IAS 7 (cash flow statement) provide the motivation for investigating the potential for miscommunication (either intentional or unintentional) between the main parties to the financial reporting process. The study investigates inter and intra group differences in measured connotative meaning of the old and new definitions of “cash”, and determines the effect of connotative meaning on decision outcomes. Further, the study considers the overall quality of the two definitions, as perceived by the three financial reporting groups. Three key findings are indicated. The first is that the three financial reporting groups do not share the same cognitive structure in which the meaning of the concept “cash” is held. An important implication is that comparisons between the connotative meanings held by the three financial reporting groups cannot be validly made. Secondly, significant differences in the measured meaning were observed across the two definitions within each of the three subject groups. Thirdly, the decision outcomes for each of the three subject groups were significantly different under the two definitions. Also there was some evidence that the differences in the decision outcomes were linked to the differences in the measured connotative meaning. These results raised several concerns regarding the potential for miscommunication between the three key parties to the accounting communication process and highlighted the importance of standard-setters assessing the effect on connotative meaning of possible changes in wording to key concepts within the cash flow statement.

The planning of accounts for the following 5 years (from 2006 till 2010). The accounts consist of balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement. Items of accounts are planned according to the developement of the choosen company and real market conditions. This dissertation describes not only plannig of accounts, but also method of assembling accounts.

Submitted by Marlene Aparecida de Souza Cardozo (mcardozo@pucsp.br) on 2016-12-19T14:49:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Regina Santos Almeida.pdf: 1744523 bytes, checksum: 42d0736188b66e13c4a996c3cd426df9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-19T14:49:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Regina Santos Almeida.pdf: 1744523 bytes, checksum: 42d0736188b66e13c4a996c3cd426df9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-01 / The publication of the Law 11.638/2007, replaces the statement of sources and uses of funds by the statement of cash flows (DFC). At first the research presents the concept, the objectives of financial statements with a greater emphasis on the statement of cash flow, the research object, with its components from operating activities, investing and financing, the development of methods of demonstration we discuss the cash flow and demonstrates the viability of the financial analysis based on DFC were calculated and interpreted the extracted quotients of reports published by companies available on the Anac website, Azul Airlines, Avianca Brazil, Gol Linhas Aereas and TAM Airlines, for two consecutive years of 2014 and 2013. the indexes are classified into four categories: 1st category quotients box cover, 2nd quotients category of quality of the result, 3rd quotients category Capital expenditures and 4th category returns of cash flows, whose purpose varies the evaluation of the enterprise liquidity to determine the cash return rates / A publicação da lei nº 11.638/2007 substitui a demonstração das origens e aplicações de recursos pela demonstração de fluxos de caixa (DFC). A princípio, a pesquisa apresenta o conceito e os objetivos das demonstrações contábeis com ênfase maior na demonstração de fluxo de caixa – objeto da pesquisa – e seus componentes da atividade operacional de investimento e financiamento. Aborda os métodos de elaboração da demonstração do fluxo de caixa e demonstra a viabilidade da análise financeira com base na DFC. Foram calculados e interpretados os quocientes extraídos dos relatórios publicados pelas companhias Azul Linhas Aéreas, Avianca Brasil, Gol Linhas Aéreas e TAM Linhas Aéreas, disponíveis no site da Anac, para dois anos consecutivos; 2013 e 2014. Os índices são classificados em quatro categorias: 1ª quocientes de cobertura de caixa; 2ª quocientes de qualidade do resultado; 3ª quocientes de dispêndios de capital e 4ª retornos do fluxo de caixa, cuja finalidade varia a avaliação da liquidez do empreendimento até a determinação das taxas de retorno de caixa

The diploma thesis is about characteristic of financial statements (balance sheet, profit and lost statement, cash flow statement). Special emphasis will be placed on selected indicators that are used in business management. In the theoretical part will be described the statements and items from them, a part will be dedicated to financial analysis, especially to indicators, that can be used in business management. In the practical part will be at first the characteristic of company, in which was the diploma thesis processed. Further more it will be made the analysis of selected items, focusing on the consistency of items at least in the last three years and the results will be evaluated.

Motivated by the importance of the risk of bankruptcy in capital structure decisions, this study aims to establish the insolvency risk firm in accordance to the life cycle stages and determine how the stages can explain the change insolvency´s risk. The population under study is companies listed on the Stock Exchange of Buenos Aires, in the period 2004 to 2012. The evidence shows linking life cycle stages with the insolvency´s risk. The firms in the stage maturity have lower risk, relative to the other stages. Moreover, the life cycle stages have a predictive capacity on changing the insolvency´s risk in the next year, the maturity stage has a positive effect and the decline stage a negative effect. The firms that are maintained in the mature stage have a greater opportunity to stay in this stage and firms in growth stages and shake-out have a greater possibility to enter the introduction and decline stages that in the maturity stage. / Motivado por la importancia del riesgo de insolvencia financiera en las decisiones de financiación, este estudio tiene como objetivo establecer el riesgo de crisis financiera en las empresas de acuerdo a las etapas del ciclo de vida y cómo las etapas del ciclo de vida explican el cambio en el riesgo de insolvencia. La población objeto de este estudio son las empresas listadas en la Bolsa de Comercio de Buenos Aires en el período 2004 a 2012. La evidencia muestra la vinculación de las etapas del ciclo de vida con el riesgo de insolvencia, marco en el que las empresas en la etapa de madurez tienen un menor riesgo en relación con las otras etapas. Por otra parte, las etapas del ciclo de vida tienen una capacidad predictiva sobre el cambio del riesgo de insolvencia en el año siguiente: la etapa de madurez tiene un efecto positivo; y la etapa de declinación, un efecto negativo. Las empresas que se mantienen en la etapa de madurez tienen una mayor posibilidad de mantenerse en dicha etapa y las empresas en las etapas de crecimiento, y reestructuración (shake-out) tienen una mayor posibilidad de entrar en las etapas de introducción y declinación que en la etapa de madurez. / Motivado pela importância do risco de insolvência financeira em decisões de financiamento, este estudo pretende estabelecer o risco de crise financeira nas empresas de acordo com as etapas do ciclo de vida e como as etapas do ciclo de vida explicam a mudança em o risco de insolvência. A população que é objeto deste estudo são as empresas listadas na Bolsa de Valores de Buenos Aires, de 2004 a 2012. A evidência mostra o vínculo entre as estágio etapas do ciclo de vida eo risco de insolvência, onde as empresas no estágio de maturidade têm um risco menor, em relação aos outros estágios. Por outro lado, os estágios do ciclo de vida têm uma habilidade preditiva sobre a mudança no risco de insolvência no ano seguinte, o estágio de maturidade tem um efeito positivo e o estágio decrescente tem um efeito negativo. As empresas que permanecem no estágio de maturidade têm maior chance de se manter nesse estágio e as empresas nos estágios de crescimento e reestruturação têm maior possibilidade de entrar nas etapas de introdução e declínio do que na fase de maturidade.

The thesis focuses on the financial situation in Stavona, spol. s r.o., a company specializing in the production and sales of plastic fillings. The financial situation is assessed through a set of financial analysis indicators. The main focus is placed on the application of certain methods of financial and strategic analysis, diagnostics of strong and weak aspects of the company’s financial economy and a proposal as to the solution of trouble spots in company finance and strategy management.

The thesis is based on the following of my bachelor thesis, which deals with ,, Accounting shutter in the selection accounting entity.? Now the theme will be extended by the comparison process accounts in the selected entity according to Czech accounting legislation (CAL) and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). In the practical part of the application will again be chosen by an entity of international trucking company KAFKA TRANSPORT, a. s. The main aim of my thesis is based on theoretical knowledge, to assess the selected items of balance sheet and profit and loss for the selected companies their reporting in the case of CAL and IFRS. International Accounting Standards that are world-renowned accounting system, which also binds to an entity operating in the Czech Republic.

This thesis is focused on the public sector and deals with one of the new financial statements presented by state organizational units, the cash flow statement, which these state organizational units prepared for the first time for the financial year 2011. The main objective of the thesis is to analyze in detail the quality of these cash flow statements prepared by individual administrators of the state budget chapters and passed for the first time to the Central system of state accounting information. The thesis also presents an evaluation of the quality of the Czech legislative regulation of the cash flows statement in relation to state organizational units and it compares the legislative regulation in the period between 2011 and 2012. An integral part of the thesis is creating theoretical models suitable for the preparation of the cash flow statement. The first model is based on the relationship among particular items of the accounting and financial statements and the second model is based on the transformed data from the statement for evaluation of the state budget implementation.

Master’s thesis deals with analysis of financial situation in company Autel – montáže. The thesis is focused on determination of strengths and weaknesses. Financial analysis is implemented on the basis of financial statements for the years 2004 – 2008. The master’s thesis includes proposals which lead to improvement of financial situation in company Autel – montáže.