Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. Inst., 2002. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

The purpose of this descriptive exploratory study was to describe specific self-care behaviours related to the provision of eye care and performance of daily living activities, of postsurgical cataract patients during their first few weeks at home following cataract extraction. The twenty subjects who comprised the study sample were all over sixty years of age, were English speaking, had a best corrected visual acuity in the unoperated eye of 20/50 or less, and had undergone uncomplicated unilateral standard cataract surgery without lens implant. Subjects were interviewed in their homes on two occasions. Difficulties that were experienced and concerns that were expressed by subjects and family members in the performance of eye care procedures, and management of daily living routines were recorded; and factors which influenced the ability of subjects to manage their care at home were identified. Observations were made of the instillation of eyedrops, the application of a protective eye shield, and the status of the operated eye. The findings suggest a high degree of adherence to the prescribed medication regime, and to the precautionary measures that were to be followed. Difficulties were reported or observed in several areas such as administering eyedrops, applying the eye shield, reading instructions, opening eyedrop containers, and obtaining prescriptions or supplies. The majority of concerns expressed were related to the performance of eye care procedures, and to the prospective visual outcome of the surgery. Examples of factors identified as affecting home self-care were: the availability of direct assistance and emotional support from family and community resources; the understanding of the surgical procedure and recovery process; the knowledge, and the timing of the receipt of knowledge, of expected behaviours; and the possession of adequate manual skills to perform the eye care procedures with competence and confidence. Implications for nursing, medical, and pharmacist's practice are discussed, and areas for further research are identified. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Nursing, School of / Graduate

INTRODUÇÃO: A presbiopia pseudofácica, imposta pela extração do cristalino e implantação de uma lente intraocular monofocal, representa uma relativa limitação da cirurgia de catarata moderna. Diversos métodos para compensação de tal fenômeno já foram descritos. Nesse estudo, avaliamos a eficácia de um implante intraocular estenopeico em promover ampliação da profundidade de foco, e seu impacto no desempenho visual. MÉTODOS: Foram selecionados 10 pacientes hígidos, com boa saúde ocular, previamente submetidos a cirurgia de catarata bilateral com implante de lente intraocular monofocal, os quais apresentavam limitação da acuidade visual para perto. Os pacientes foram submetidos a implantação monocular do diafragma intraocular estenopeico XtraFocus®, no sulco ciliar. As variáveis avaliadas foram acuidade visual, refração subjetiva, sensibilidade ao contraste, amplitude de pseudoacomodação (curva de defocus), estereopsia, campimetria computadorizada, teste de efeito Pulfrich, e avaliação subjetiva do desempenho visual, através da aplicação de questionário. RESULTADOS: Houve significativa melhora da acuidade visual para perto, com 7 pacientes alcançando acuidade visual sem correção para perto de 20/30, no olho operado. Não houve impacto significativo na refração subjetiva, sensibilidade ao contraste e estereopsia. A perimetria computadorizada evidenciou redução de sensibilidade retiniana difusa, no olho operado. A percepção subjetiva do desempenho visual após o tratamento foi favorável, com impacto positivo nas atividades diárias. Não foi observada indução de efeito Pulfrich. CONCLUSÕES: O implante estenopeico estudado foi capaz de promover ampliação da profundidade de foco, com aprimoramento da acuidade visual para perto. O implantação cirúrgica se mostrou segura, sem ocorrência de eventos adversos significativos. Os resultados sugerem que uma maior independência de óculos pode ser alcançada caso a técnica seja aplicada em pacientes portadores de miopia de pequena magnitude. Este achado está em conformidade com trabalhos prévios envolvendo dispositivos estenopeicos. Apesar da limitação à entrada de luz imposta pelo orifício estenopeico, a percepção de luminosidade não é proporcionalmente impactada. Entretanto, em condições de baixa luminosidade, pode haver uma percepção monocular de escuridão / INTRODUCTION: Pseudophakic presbyopia, imposed by crystalline lens extraction and implantation of an artificial monofocal intraocular lens (IOL), represents a relative limitation of modern cataract surgery. Several methods of compensation of this phenomenon have been proposed. In this study, we evaluate the efficacy of a pinhole intraocular implant in promoting depth of focus extension, and its impact in visual performance. METHODS: A selection of 10 healthy patients, with no ocular comorbidity, previously submitted to bilateral cataract surgery and monofocal IOL implantation, presenting with near vision limitation, was carried out. Patients underwent monocular implantation of the XtraFocus® pinhole implant, in the ciliary sulcus. Outcome variables were visual acuity, subjective refraction, contrast sensitivity, amplitude of pseudoaccommodation (defocus curve), stereoacuity, automated perimetry, Pulfrich effect testing and subjective visual performance evaluation with a questionnaire. RESULTS: A significant improvement in near visual acuity was observed, with 7 patients reaching 20/30 uncorrected near visual acuity, in the operated eye. There was no significant impact in subjective refraction, contrast sensitivity and stereoacuity. Automated perimetry revealed a reduction of overall retinal sensitivity, in the operated eye. Subjective assessment of visual performance was favourable, with positive impact in daily activities. Induction of Pulfrich effect was not observed. CONCLUSIONS: The pinhole implant evaluated in this study was able to provide depth of focus extension, and enhance near visual acuity. Surgical implantation was safe, with no occurrence of significant adverse events. Results suggest that a greater level of spectacle independence may be achieved if this approach is combined with low levels of myopia. This finding is in accordance with other studies involving small aperture optics. In spite of the reduction of light entrance caused by the pinhole implant, the overall brightness sensation is not proportionally impaired. However, under low light conditions, a monocular darkening perception can occur

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2004. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2005. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-29T15:38:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_7206_Outbreak of Ochrobactrum anthropi endophthalmites following cataract surgery.pdf: 114449 bytes, checksum: c89d6abc157b93a9d71ed933dca2014c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-11 / Endoftalmite infecciosa após cirurgia muitas vezes progride para deficiência visual significativa e irreversível. A tese descreve um surto de endoftalmite por Ochrobactrum anthropi ocorrido após cirurgia de catarata e propõe um novo protocolo de esterilização para minimizar o risco de novos casos. Prontuários de pacientes com diagnóstiico firmado de O. anthropi por cultura ou com achados clínicos sugestivos durante o surto foram revisados. Sete casos de endoftalmite por O. anthropi foram confirmados entre 24 de Julho e 10 de novembro de 2010. A causa mais provável do surto foi a contaminação da tubulação da máquina de facoemulsificação. Após a introdução do novo protocolo de esterilização, não houve mais casos de endoftalmite, independente da causa, em mais de 1000 procedimentos subsequentes.

Aim: The aim was to examine waiting times for cataract extraction in Sweden from an intersectional gender perspective; quantitative with regard to waiting times for different patient groups, and qualitative in order to identify factors that might contribute to gender differences in waiting time. Furthermore, the aim was to examine implications of critical realism and situated knowledges for studies of gender differences among patients regarding access to cataract extraction and more generally as grounds for studies of (in)equity in care.   Methods: Studies I and II were register studies, and linear regression was performed in Study I and logistic regression in Study II. Mean waiting times for female and male patients were calculated in both studies. In Study III, focus group interviews were conducted at two eye clinics with differences in gender-related waiting times. The analysis method used was constructivist grounded theory, and text analyses were performed in Study IV.   Main findings: Longer waiting times were associated with patients who were female, retired, of higher age, born outside the Nordic countries, having lower income, lacking education at university level and not being categorized by means of NIKE. Female patients had longer waiting time in all categories. The following factors might contribute to why female patients have longer waiting times: Traditional male occupations were constructed as being more demanding for visual acuity, while the need for good visual acuity in women’s work life was questioned; Assertive behaviour among men was explained in legitimizing ways; Behaviour among men with poor vision was constructed as safety risks in relation to driving and hunting. Concerning meta-theoretical aspects, both critical realism and situated knowledges can be fruitful for studies of (in)equity in care but are to some degree incompatible with each other.   Conclusions: Differences in waiting times at eye clinics can be related to gender constructions. The prevailing pattern of female cataract patients systematically having longer waiting time than male patients that emerges in this thesis is noteworthy in relation to the principle of equity in care. Furthermore, it is noteworthy that waiting times were related to age, retirement, and native country as well as income and education levels.

INTRODUÇÃO: Os custos representam um problema crucial na formação e especialização do médico no mundo moderno. Conhecer os gastos relacionados ao ensino é importante para o planejamento financeiro das instituições de ensino. A cirurgia de catarata é um dos pontos centrais da formação do oftalmologista. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar os custos e as complicações peroperatórias da cirurgia de catarata realizada por residentes com a cirurgia realizada por um cirurgião experiente. MÉTODOS: Neste estudo prospectivo, as cirurgias de facoemulsificação executadas por residentes durante os 3 primeiros meses de treinamento foram comparadas com cirurgias realizadas por um cirurgião experiente quanto aos custos e complicações. Foram incluídas 312 cirurgias, sendo 261 realizadas por residentes e 51 pelo cirurgião experiente. As cirurgias foram divididas, de acordo com a experiência cirúrgica do residente no momento da realização do procedimento (Grupo 1: 0 a 40 cirurgias; Grupo 2: 41 a 80 cirurgias; Grupo 3: mais de 80 cirurgias). RESULTADOS: O custo médio das cirurgias realizadas pelos residentes foi de R$ 802,74 ± 352,48 e pelo cirurgião experiente R$ 588,74 ± 44,68. No grupo 1, foram observados R$ 862,63 ± 382,17; no grupo 2 R$ 809,99 ± 377,92 e no grupo 3 R$ 702,16 ± 234,64. Quanto ao tempo de cirurgia, observou-se nas cirurgias dos residentes 54,2 ± 23,4 minutos e nas cirurgias do grupo controle (cirurgião experiente) 36,0 ± 15,3 minutos. O tempo observado no grupo 1 foi 57,6 ± 23,0 minutos; no grupo 2 foi 54,6 ± 24,7 minutos e no grupo 3 foi 49,0 ± 18,3 minutos. Todas as comparações foram estatisticamente significantes (P<0,05). A taxa de complicação encontrada nas cirurgias realizadas pelos residentes foi de 11,49% e nas cirurgias realizadas pelo cirurgião experiente foi de 1,92%. No grupo 1 observaram-se 9,65% de rotura de cápsula posterior e 8,77% de perda vítrea; no grupo 2, 7,37% de rotura de cápsula e 4,21% de perda vítrea e no grupo 3, 5,77% de rotura de cápsula e 3,85% de perda vítrea. Estas complicações não foram percebidas nas cirurgias do grupo controle. CONCLUSÃO: A cirurgia de catarata realizada pelo residente representa um aumento dos gastos estatisticamente significante para o serviço e um aumento nos riscos de complicação aos pacientes. A diferença cai progressivamente com a realização de mais procedimentos, demonstrando os efeitos do treinamento / BACKGROUND: The costs represent crucial problem in medical training and specialization in the modern world. Meet the expenses related to education is important for the financial planning of educational institutions. Cataract surgery is one of the central points of the training of ophthalmologists. The aim of this study is to compare the costs and complications of cataract surgery performed by residents with the surgery performed by an experienced surgeon. METHODS: In this prospective study, the phacoemulsification performed by residents during the first 3 months of training was compared with surgery performed by an experienced surgeon about the costs and complications. There were included 312 surgeries; residents performed 261 and an experienced surgeon performed 51. The surgeries were divided according to resident surgical experience at the time of performing the procedure (Group 1: 00-40 surgery, Group 2: 41-80 surgeries and group 3: more than 80 surgeries). RESULTS: The mean cost of surgeries performed by residents was R$ 802.74 ± 352.48 and by the surgeon was R$ 588.74 ± 44.68. In group 1, was observed a mean cost of R$ 862.63 ± 382.17; in group 2 R$ 809.99 ± 377.92 and in group 3 R$ 702.16 ± 234.64. Regarding the time of surgery, was observed in surgeries performed by residents 54.2 ± 23.4 minutes and in the surgery control group (surgeon) 36.0 ± 15.3 minutes. The time observed in group 1 was 57.6 ± 23.0 minutes; in group 2 was 54.6 ± 24.7 minutes and in group 3 was 49.0 ± 18.3 minutes. All comparisons were statistically significant (P <0.05). The complication rate found in surgeries performed by residents was 11.49% and the surgery performed by experienced surgeons was 1.92%. In group 1 we observed rates of 9.65% of posterior capsule rupture and 8.77% of vitreous loss; in group 2 was observed rate of 7.37% of capsule rupture and 4.21% of vitreous loss and in group 3 was observed rate of 5.77% of capsule rupture and 3.85% of vitreous loss. These complications were not observed in the surgery control group. CONCLUSION: Cataract surgery performed by the resident is a statistically significant increase in spending for the service and an increased risk of complications for patients. This difference progressively decreases with the completion of more procedures, demonstrating the effect of training