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<p> This THESIS comprises the core of Chapter I and a self-contained excerpt from Chapter II of the author's work "Fibred Categories and the Theory of Structures". As such, it contains a recasting of "categorical algebra" on the (BOURBAKI) set-theoretic frame of GROTHENDIECK-SONNERuniverses, making use of the GROTHENDIECK structural definition of category from the beginning. The principle novelties of the presentation result from the exploitation of an intrinsic construction of the arrow category C^2 of a VL -category C. This construction gives rise to the adjunction of a (canonical) (VL-CAT)-category structure to the couple (C^2, C), for which the consequent category structure supplied the couple (CAT(T,C^2), CAT(T, C)) for each category T, is simply that of natural transformations of functors (which as such are nothing more than functors into the arrow category).</p> / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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The primary purpose of this paper is to analyze the research field of cost of voting and review the relevant literature on voter participation. After reviewing the literature, a development of a theoretical framework to categorize multiple variables associated with the cost of voting will be completed. The goal is to create clear, concise, and simple categories that define the cost of voting. This should add conceptual clarity to the field by linking variables into a common foundation. The research also connects the sociological and psychological category of intrapersonal to concepts of social group needs, sense of achieving a greater good, and “us vs. Them" theory. This link to human psychology and sociology will set up future research in the field of election studies to be on a more individual level basis, to better understand voter perception and feelings towards the potential cost to voting.

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