This thesis provides an overview of the literature on reproduction attributes of the Holstein Friesian cattle and its influence on the cattle reproductive indices. One of the goals was to evaluate the influence of selected factors on the reproduction indices for a pre-selected group of dairy cattles. The data has been processed and sorted by the lactation production levels, daily production, order of lactation and the age of the first calving. The data about the used bulls has been processed as well. Another goal of the thesis was acquisition of the data about excluded cows. For the excluded cows, the age, order of lactation, reason for exclusion and life-long production have been recorded. The data for the thesis have been obtained from the production control records and database of breeds in the selected Holstein cattle breeding. The dairy cattles, which got in calf during the years 2017 and 2018 have been evaluated. In particular, for 2017 and 2018, the evaluation was carried out on 190 and 229 dairy cattles respectively, which makes the total of 419 evaluated cows. For those dairy cows, the insemination index data, insemination interval, gestation after first insemination, service period and gestation period has been recovered from the zootechnical register. The evaluation of excluded dairy cows contained 339 dairy cows, which have been excluded during years 2017 and 2018. For the evaluation of the used bulls, the total count and description of how the bull for insemination have been selected is provided. Evaluation the influence of level of lactation production on the reproduction indices has shown a significant (p0,05) statistical relation between production levels and duration of the service period. It has also been proven that this has an influence on the insemination index levels. The lowest values (p0,05) of service period and insemination index have been detected for dairy cattles with production up to 6 999 kg. On the other hand, the highest values of service period and insemination index have been recorded for the dairy cattles with production up to 9 000 kg (p0,05). The influence of daily dairy production levels on the reproduction indices have been evaluated as well. It can be clearly seen from the results that as the daily dairy production increases, the service period increases as well. The lowest values (p0,05) of the service period was recorded for breeds, who had the daily production levels up to 24.99 kg. Opposed to that, the highest values of service period have been recorded for dairy cattles with average daily milk production over 30 kg. The evaluation of order of lactation on the reproduction indices did not show any significant statistical results (p0,05). Furthermore, during the evaluation of first calving, no statistically significant differences have been shown (p0,05). Last reproduction index we have evaluated was gestation after the first insemination. The groups were divided by the production levels, daily milk production, order of lactation and age of the first calving. For each group, the percentage of cattles that got in calf after first insemination has been computed. On average, this value was 36.28%.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2006. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

The aim of this work was evaluation of milk yield and fertility of cows´ groups, which were formed on the basis of milk production quantity, age, a calving season, pedigree, body framework of cattle and a level of body condition. There were evaluated results at 690 cows in years from 2004 to 2007. The foundation dates about the yield and the fertility of animals were abtoined by check of the yield. The body framework of cattle and condition were investigated with regular month intervals during the year 2007. Body condition was considered in an interval from 1 to 5 points with accuracy of 0,25 point. During the watching years milk yield increased from 6 616 kg to 8 507 kg. Milk components reduced with increasing milk yield, when the contents of fat was gradually reduced from initial 4,2 % to 3,87 %. The contens of proteins was also reduced from 3,5 % to 3,37 %. It was investigated that the decline of body condition after calving was connected with extension of insemination interval and service period by six days and its increase with shortening of interval and SP by four days. The higher milk yield (8 281 kg) but at the same time longer service period was investigated with cows of bigger body framework (the hight in back from 145 to 150 cm). During the evaluation of effect breeding groups (C1, C2, C3) to fertility weren´t investigated more important differences among the groups. But the breeding groups influence the hight of milk yield, ehen the C3 group (share of dairy breed more than 50 %) has the highest milk yield (7 866 kg). The highest milk yield was investigated with cows at the second lactation period (7 900 kg), at the third lactation period was almost on the same level (7 886 kg)and in the following lactation periods the quantity of milk gradually fell down. The examination of lactation curve courses at cows´ group with a different level of yield indicated , thet the higher care in a herd is devoted to milk production than to cows´ fertility. The length of service period at the highyield cows was as 200 days.

In 19 sächsischen Milchviehbetrieben wurden im Feldversuch spermatologische Parameter sowie Trächtigkeits- und Abkalbeergebnisse ermittelt. Das Tiefgefriersperma wurde in fünf unterschiedlichen Aufbereitungen nach einem definierten Versuchsdesign hergestellt und eingesetzt. Dabei wurde geschlechtsspezifisch differenziertes (gesextes) Sperma im Vergleich zu nicht gesextem in Verbindung mit unterschiedlichen Verdünnervarianten, u.a. Sexcess®, genutzt. Bei Einsatz von gesextem Sperma mit Verdünner Sexcess® wurden Trächtigkeitsraten über 60 % und im Abkalbeergebnis 90 % weibliche Kälber erreicht. Bei nicht gesextem Sperma konnten mit Sexcess® bei deutlich verringerten Spermakonzentrationen gute Besamungsergebnisse erzielt werden.

Bei 50 Milchkühen des Lehr- und Versuchsgutes in Köllitsch/Sachsen wurden der Brunstzyklus, insbesondere die Ovaraktivität und der Progesterongehalt in der Milch untersucht. Zur Bestimmung des Progesterongehaltes wurde ein neuer Analyseautomat für den Betrieb unter Stallbedingungen eingesetzt. Getestet wurden die Analysegenauigkeit des Progesteron-Schnelltests im Vergleich zu den Brunstmerkmalen und Ovarbefunden sowie zu den im Referenzlabor untersuchten Milchproben, das Handling und die Funktionssicherheit. In verschiedenen Auswertungsmodellen konnte die Sensitivität bzw. Spezifität für die Brunsterkennung auf 85,4 % bzw. 100 % gesteigert werden. Mit dem Progesteron-Schnelltest wurden insgesamt 100 % der tragenden und 95 % der nicht tragenden Tiere frühzeitig erkannt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der Einsatz von on-farm-Analysegeräten zur Bestimmung des Progesterongehaltes in der Milch ein nützliches Hilfsmittel für das Fruchtbarkeitsmanagement in Problemherden oder in größeren Beständen sein kann. Ab einer Verkürzung der Zwischentragezeit um fünf Tage hat sich die Investition amortisiert.

Zur Früherkennung von Fruchtbarkeitsstörungen und Eutererkrankungen beim Milchrind wurden Modelle erarbeitet, um Zwischentragezeiten bzw. Mastitiserkrankungen vorhersagen zu können. Die Früherkennung basierte auf den anfallenden Informationen rund um das Management einer sächsischen Milchviehherde. Im Fruchtbarkeitsmodell konnten hohe Sensitivitäten bei Fehlerraten um 20 Prozent erreicht werden. Im Eutererkrankungsmodell lagen die Fehlerraten bei über 50 Prozent. Daher sind die Frühwarnsysteme noch nicht praxisreif.

Graduation date: 1997

The aim of this thesis was to analyze milk yield and fertility in dairy cattle herds ? combined (Czech Pied cattle) and dojného utility type (Holstein cattle ) in the same breeding system. Further culling was evaluated, the cost of feeding a day and milk production. Observations were carried out in the company Podhoran Černíkov, as in the time sequence of zootechnical 2 years (1st 10th 2009 - 30 9th 2011). By tracking a total of 310 cows of which 47 cows of Czech Pied cattle C1 (C 100 %), breeding hybrids participation of Czech Fleckvieh with Holstein and Red Holstein breed C2 (C 75 ? 88 %) 53 pieces and C3 (C 50 to 74 %) 38 pieces, the cows of Holstein breed H1 (H 100 % ) 158 pieces, the unit crosses with Czech Holstein cattle piebald H3 (H 75 ? 87 %) 10 pieces, and H4 (H 60 ? 74 %) 4 pcs. Furthermore, the basic data set is divided according to genotype into two groups: 138 pieces of Czech Fleckvieh cows and 172 cows of Holstein breed pc. When evaluating the performance files were still divided into two in order of lactation on the first, second and more. Viewed indicators for evaluation of milk production were: number of lactation, lactation length (days), the amount of milk (kg), fat content (%), production of milk fat (kg), protein content in milk (%), production of proteins in milk (kg), lactose content in milk (%). The fertility parameters were observed: genotype, age at first calving (days), insemination interval (days), service period (days) and interval (days). Further culling was still considered, the cost of feed per day (CZK) and the cost of 1 liter of milk (CZK). When combined, mixed breed (Czech Pied cattle) and utility type (Holstein cattle) is necessary for herd management to allow for different feed consumption. Commercial breeding of different types in a joint breeding achieve different levels of performance for the benefit performance of Holstein cattle. Higher productivity of breeding Holstein cattle fertility and deteriorating indicators since these must be spend more time in searching for the rut to ensure reproduction of the desired level. A lower yield reaching Czech Fleckvieh breeding in specific terms the average results. Due to the achieved performance for both types of utility can say good job in management.

The observation of cattle breeding before and after monitoring resuets of stable technology from stanchion housing to free box housing with bedding was procceded from 2003 to 2006 in agricultural cooperative Netřebice. There were observed 169 dairy cows, 120 pieces of Holstein and 49 pieces of Czech Pied cattle. The influence of technology change was specified on the basis of milk testing and fertility results. Milk performance in free box housing system reached higher level than in stanchion housing. Reproduction parameters reached mostly better figures in the free box housing.

Institute for Rural Development / MRDV