Este trabalho propõe e testa uma metodologia participativa para classificação das causas de acidentes de trabalho. A dissertação aborda o assunto inicialmente revisando a evolução do cenário acidentário no país, desde a fase em que o Brasil era o “campeão mundial de acidentes” até o atual momento, para contextualizar a necessidade de atualização dos conhecimentos sobre as causas de acidentes. No referencial teórico estão compiladas as conceituações dos diversos tipos de causas de acidentes atualmente aceitas, resultando na elaboração de um diagrama com essas causas, organizadas de acordo com sua origem. Neste diagrama, as causas que são gerenciadas pelo empregado são agrupadas como Causas Comportamentais. Já aquelas causas que embora por vezes, tenham como último agente o empregado, são ou deveriam ser gerenciadas pela organização são agrupadas entre as Causas Organizacionais. Na discussão das causas comportamentais são destacadas as diferenças entre os erros de empregados treinados e experientes, chamados de Ações Não Intencionais, e os erros cometidos por pessoas sem conhecimento ou experiência. Na classificação são enfatizadas as diferenças entre as Violações cometidas com intenção de ganho de tempo próprio e redução de esforço e as Violações estimuladas pela organização. Na sequência, é feita a apresentação da metodologia para pesquisa e classificação de causas de acidentes e os resultados de sua aplicação em uma amostra de acidentes ocorridos em período recente em uma empresa do sul do país. O resultado da pesquisa demonstra que quantitativamente predominaram acidentes cuja causa principal é gerenciada pela empresa sobre aqueles cuja causa principal é gerenciada pelos próprios acidentados. Foi também identificado que as Ações Não Intencionais são a principal causa de acidentes dentro do grupo de Causas Comportamentais e que estas constituem o segundo tipo mais frequente entre todas as causas de acidentes de trabalho, prevalecendo sobre as violações e, por isso, merecendo estudos com vistas ao seu controle. Esta metodologia poderá ser aplicado como ferramenta adicional de gestão do processo de prevenção de acidentes. / This study proposes and tests an interactive methodology for the classification of work accidents’ causes. The dissertation approaches the subject, initially, reviewing the evolution of the accidents’ scenario in Brazil, from the time that the country was the “world champion” of accidents to the present, to define the context for the need of updating knowledge about accidents’ causes. In the theoretical references there is a compilation of the conceptualization of the various types of accident’s causes accepted today, resulting in the elaboration of a diagram with these causes, organized according to their origins. In this diagram the causes managed by the employee are grouped as Behavioral Causes and those causes that, although have the employee as the final agent, are or should be managed by the organization, are grouped as Systemic Causes. In the discussion of Behavioral Causes are highlighted the differences between the errors of trained and experienced collaborators, called Unintentional Actions and those caused by inexperienced or untrained personnel. In the classification the emphasis is in the differences between the Violations caused with the intent of personal gains in time and effort reduction and those stimulated by the organization. Follows the presentation of research and classification’s methodology of causes of accidents and the results of their use on a sample of recent accidents in an industry in the South of Brazil. Researches’ results showed that accidents whose main cause is managed by the company are more quantitatively than those where the cause is managed by the accident’s victim. It was also found that Unintentional Actions are the main cause of accidents within the Behavioral Causes group and that those constitute the second more frequent kind of all causes of work accidents, above Violations and, deserving, for this reason, studies aimed at their control. This method might be used as an additional management tool in the accident prevention process.

Este trabalho propõe e testa uma metodologia participativa para classificação das causas de acidentes de trabalho. A dissertação aborda o assunto inicialmente revisando a evolução do cenário acidentário no país, desde a fase em que o Brasil era o “campeão mundial de acidentes” até o atual momento, para contextualizar a necessidade de atualização dos conhecimentos sobre as causas de acidentes. No referencial teórico estão compiladas as conceituações dos diversos tipos de causas de acidentes atualmente aceitas, resultando na elaboração de um diagrama com essas causas, organizadas de acordo com sua origem. Neste diagrama, as causas que são gerenciadas pelo empregado são agrupadas como Causas Comportamentais. Já aquelas causas que embora por vezes, tenham como último agente o empregado, são ou deveriam ser gerenciadas pela organização são agrupadas entre as Causas Organizacionais. Na discussão das causas comportamentais são destacadas as diferenças entre os erros de empregados treinados e experientes, chamados de Ações Não Intencionais, e os erros cometidos por pessoas sem conhecimento ou experiência. Na classificação são enfatizadas as diferenças entre as Violações cometidas com intenção de ganho de tempo próprio e redução de esforço e as Violações estimuladas pela organização. Na sequência, é feita a apresentação da metodologia para pesquisa e classificação de causas de acidentes e os resultados de sua aplicação em uma amostra de acidentes ocorridos em período recente em uma empresa do sul do país. O resultado da pesquisa demonstra que quantitativamente predominaram acidentes cuja causa principal é gerenciada pela empresa sobre aqueles cuja causa principal é gerenciada pelos próprios acidentados. Foi também identificado que as Ações Não Intencionais são a principal causa de acidentes dentro do grupo de Causas Comportamentais e que estas constituem o segundo tipo mais frequente entre todas as causas de acidentes de trabalho, prevalecendo sobre as violações e, por isso, merecendo estudos com vistas ao seu controle. Esta metodologia poderá ser aplicado como ferramenta adicional de gestão do processo de prevenção de acidentes. / This study proposes and tests an interactive methodology for the classification of work accidents’ causes. The dissertation approaches the subject, initially, reviewing the evolution of the accidents’ scenario in Brazil, from the time that the country was the “world champion” of accidents to the present, to define the context for the need of updating knowledge about accidents’ causes. In the theoretical references there is a compilation of the conceptualization of the various types of accident’s causes accepted today, resulting in the elaboration of a diagram with these causes, organized according to their origins. In this diagram the causes managed by the employee are grouped as Behavioral Causes and those causes that, although have the employee as the final agent, are or should be managed by the organization, are grouped as Systemic Causes. In the discussion of Behavioral Causes are highlighted the differences between the errors of trained and experienced collaborators, called Unintentional Actions and those caused by inexperienced or untrained personnel. In the classification the emphasis is in the differences between the Violations caused with the intent of personal gains in time and effort reduction and those stimulated by the organization. Follows the presentation of research and classification’s methodology of causes of accidents and the results of their use on a sample of recent accidents in an industry in the South of Brazil. Researches’ results showed that accidents whose main cause is managed by the company are more quantitatively than those where the cause is managed by the accident’s victim. It was also found that Unintentional Actions are the main cause of accidents within the Behavioral Causes group and that those constitute the second more frequent kind of all causes of work accidents, above Violations and, deserving, for this reason, studies aimed at their control. This method might be used as an additional management tool in the accident prevention process.

Este trabalho propõe e testa uma metodologia participativa para classificação das causas de acidentes de trabalho. A dissertação aborda o assunto inicialmente revisando a evolução do cenário acidentário no país, desde a fase em que o Brasil era o “campeão mundial de acidentes” até o atual momento, para contextualizar a necessidade de atualização dos conhecimentos sobre as causas de acidentes. No referencial teórico estão compiladas as conceituações dos diversos tipos de causas de acidentes atualmente aceitas, resultando na elaboração de um diagrama com essas causas, organizadas de acordo com sua origem. Neste diagrama, as causas que são gerenciadas pelo empregado são agrupadas como Causas Comportamentais. Já aquelas causas que embora por vezes, tenham como último agente o empregado, são ou deveriam ser gerenciadas pela organização são agrupadas entre as Causas Organizacionais. Na discussão das causas comportamentais são destacadas as diferenças entre os erros de empregados treinados e experientes, chamados de Ações Não Intencionais, e os erros cometidos por pessoas sem conhecimento ou experiência. Na classificação são enfatizadas as diferenças entre as Violações cometidas com intenção de ganho de tempo próprio e redução de esforço e as Violações estimuladas pela organização. Na sequência, é feita a apresentação da metodologia para pesquisa e classificação de causas de acidentes e os resultados de sua aplicação em uma amostra de acidentes ocorridos em período recente em uma empresa do sul do país. O resultado da pesquisa demonstra que quantitativamente predominaram acidentes cuja causa principal é gerenciada pela empresa sobre aqueles cuja causa principal é gerenciada pelos próprios acidentados. Foi também identificado que as Ações Não Intencionais são a principal causa de acidentes dentro do grupo de Causas Comportamentais e que estas constituem o segundo tipo mais frequente entre todas as causas de acidentes de trabalho, prevalecendo sobre as violações e, por isso, merecendo estudos com vistas ao seu controle. Esta metodologia poderá ser aplicado como ferramenta adicional de gestão do processo de prevenção de acidentes. / This study proposes and tests an interactive methodology for the classification of work accidents’ causes. The dissertation approaches the subject, initially, reviewing the evolution of the accidents’ scenario in Brazil, from the time that the country was the “world champion” of accidents to the present, to define the context for the need of updating knowledge about accidents’ causes. In the theoretical references there is a compilation of the conceptualization of the various types of accident’s causes accepted today, resulting in the elaboration of a diagram with these causes, organized according to their origins. In this diagram the causes managed by the employee are grouped as Behavioral Causes and those causes that, although have the employee as the final agent, are or should be managed by the organization, are grouped as Systemic Causes. In the discussion of Behavioral Causes are highlighted the differences between the errors of trained and experienced collaborators, called Unintentional Actions and those caused by inexperienced or untrained personnel. In the classification the emphasis is in the differences between the Violations caused with the intent of personal gains in time and effort reduction and those stimulated by the organization. Follows the presentation of research and classification’s methodology of causes of accidents and the results of their use on a sample of recent accidents in an industry in the South of Brazil. Researches’ results showed that accidents whose main cause is managed by the company are more quantitatively than those where the cause is managed by the accident’s victim. It was also found that Unintentional Actions are the main cause of accidents within the Behavioral Causes group and that those constitute the second more frequent kind of all causes of work accidents, above Violations and, deserving, for this reason, studies aimed at their control. This method might be used as an additional management tool in the accident prevention process.

Transportation of oil and gas by the Sea characterizes challenges from a safety viewpoint. In this type of transportation, different sizes of special tankers carrying oil and gas. The marine transportation of these scarce natural riches is involved with risks and hazards, which may lead to many losses; for instance, wasting oil and gas, injuries of people, damaging ships and properties, and damaging environment. The main purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the risks, hazards, and accidents during transportation of oil and gas (mainly Crude Oil, liquefied petroleum gas, and Liquefied natural gas) by the Sea with concentrating on transport safety. Hence, a better understanding of these risks and hazards can contribute to decrease of addressed losses.This study is carried out on risks associated with maritime transportation of oil and gas starting with describing the general casual chain (dealing with causes, incidents, accidents and consequences/causalities), continuing with describing risk analysis techniques (including event tree analysis and fault tree analysis) and risk control measures/options, and finally implementing aforesaid investigations on real data from two areas; namely UK territorial waters and the Baltic Sea.In this study, the results of analyzing data from 1991 to 2010 in UK territorial waters revealed that collision and grounding were two most common accidents in terms of crude oil tankers, LPG and LNG carriers in which 44% of all accidents were equally divided between collision and grounding. In this case, investigation on data from 2004 to 2010 in the Baltic Sea regarding tankers with cargo types of crude oil, oil, oil product and gases also repeated the same findings in that collision and grounding shared the biggest proportion of accidents with 50% and 34% respectively. Analysis of data in UK territorial waters provided that human factor was the main reason behind accidents with 46% followed by technical factor with 39%. Human factor and technical factor recognized also as the main causes of accidents in the Baltic Sea with 33% and 25% respectively. Regarding this subject, human error recognized as the chief culprit and failures in part of design & construction was the second main initial causes of accidents in terms of both human and technical factors. The results of analyzing records from the Baltic Sea also provided that whilst human factor shared the biggest proportion of causes behind accidents, technical factor was the only cause of accidents contributing to all types of accidents. Findings are useful from safety outlook as if specifying accidents and causes of accidents during the Sea transportation of oil and gas. / Program: MSc in Industrial Engineering - Logistics Management

Accidents pose a significant problem of public health care systems. According to statistical data more than five million people die of accident injuries worldwide. Currently, the accident issue has enjoyed a special attention. Injuries of children are considered the most severe enemy and at the same time the most frequent death cause in children and young adults and the third most frequent cause of death in the population as a whole. In the Czech Republic, accident injuries result in 300 child deaths and 3000 permanently handicapped in a year. In my diploma work I have focussed on accidents at an early age, which currently occur more a more frequently. My research has dealt with children who tend to be prone to accident risks. The objective of my paper has been to monitor the circumstances of child accidents in the course of the calendar year 2010 in children staying in the paediatric ward and to find out whether the socio-economic status of a particular family has an impact on the accident circumstances. The theoretical section of my work contains a description of the individual accidents which are typical for the population of children and the practical section consists of an evaluation of statistical data, which I have collected using secondary data analysis and case studies of children staying at hospital as well as a questionnaire interview of parents. The quantitative research shows that the most frequent cause of a hospital stay of patients in the Paediatric Ward of the Český Krumlov Hospital in the course of 2010, as a result of an accident, were falls, fractures, contusions without head injury, the second most frequent cause of a hospital stay were head and brain injuries, the third place was occupied by injuries of the body surface (wounds, skin abrasions, bruises). It has been found that the most frequent accident occurrence circumstances are connected with children´s play without the supervision of their parents, then accidents occurring in relationship with sports activities and finally traffic accidents (bikers and in-line skaters). Based on testing the hypotheses, the research has further shown that the socio-economic factors or the family status tend to have an impact on the circumstance under which the accident happened.