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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Calcium signalling in a fluid transporting epithelium

MacPherson, Matthew January 2001 (has links)
No description available.
2

Endocitose e transporte intracelular de isoformas da pulchellina / Endocytosis and cell transport of pulchellin isoforms

Moreira, Heline Hellen Teixeira 26 April 2017 (has links)
A pulchellina é uma glicoproteína heterodimérica com duas cadeias, pertencente à família das proteínas inativadoras de ribossomos (RIPs) do tipo 2. A cadeia A é enzimaticamente ativa e é capaz de remover uma adenina da porção 28S do rRNA; a cadeia B é uma lectina que se liga a resíduos de D-Galactose terminais, presentes na membrana. Das 4 isoformas da pulchellina (PI, PII, PIII, PIV), PII é a mais tóxica in vivo, sendo a atividade catalítica da cadeia A similar para todas as isoformas. A interação da cadeia B com os glicoreceptores de membrana e seu conseguinte processo de endocitose é crucial para que cadeia A tóxica entre na célula e torne-se disponível para atuar no seu sítio ribossomal. Assim, visando explorar e encontrar potenciais diferenças no mecanismo de ligação à célula e de endocitose das isoformas, foram realizados experimentos usando microscopia confocal com as toxinas marcadas com Alexa flúor® em células HeLa e MV3. As imagens obtidas mostraram que PII localiza-se na região perinuclear das células enquanto PIV predomina na região cortical. Esses resultados sugeriram que as isoformas apresentam distintos mecanismos de entrada e transporte nas células. Para esclarecer tal questão, a ação da pulchellina em células HeLa tratadas com diversas drogas que atuam em diferentes rotas endocíticas e de translocação, foi monitorada. Os resultados de inibição de síntese proteica mostraram que as células sofrem proteção contra a pulchellina na presença de brefeldina A, indicando que a pulchellina necessita ser transportada via Golgi para executar sua função. Inibidores de glicosilação como tunicamicina, swainsonine e inibidores de síntese proteica, como a puromicina e cicloheximidina sensibilizaram as células à PII e PIV, mas em diferentes taxas. Por outro lado, a puromicina e a cicloheximidina não afetaram a taxa de endocitose das isoformas, o que indica que a pulchellina na ausência dos inibidores compete pelo transporte ou processamento de glicoproteínas recém-sintetizadas. Experimentos de ligação e captação da pulchellina mostraram que PII apresenta 30% menos afinidade pela superfície de células HeLa que PIV, além de apresentar menor taxa endocítica. Esses dados corroboram estudos de FCS (espectroscopia de correlação e fluorescência) que identificaram que a difusão de PIV em células HeLa é maior que de PII. Nos experimentos realizados com inibidores de dinamina, ambas isoformas tiveram as suas taxas de endocitose aumentadas, indicando um efeito compensatório para via endocítica independente de dinamina. Em células incubadas com PDMP e neuraminidase, PIV mostrou uma associação às células reduzida, enquanto PII não se alterou, indicando que PIV pode necessitar de esfingolipídeos e glicocomplexos contendo ácido siálico para ligar e se internalizar nas células testadas. Para investigar essa diferença na interação foram realizados ensaios in vitro de DSC (Calorimetria Diferencial de Varredura) e SPR (ressonância plasmônica de superfície) com as isoformas isoladas. Esses ensaios mostraram que PIV e PII apresentam interações distintas com o gangliosídeo GM1, sendo que a PIV interage mais hidrofobicamente e com uma maior taxa de associação com GM1 que a PII. / Pulchellin is a heterodimeric toxin found in Abrus pulchellus seeds. It is a type 2 ribosome inactivating protein, which consists of a toxic A-chain linked to a sugar binding B-chain. The B-chain mediates its binding to the galactose residues on the cellular membrane in a process that is then followed by an endocytic uptake. Once the A-chain reaches the cytosol it inhibits protein synthesis leading to cell death. In order to explore pulchellin isoforms II and IV (PII and PIV) cell entry and transport mechanisms, experiments monitoring toxin labelled with Alexafuor® in MV3 and HeLa cells were performed using confocal microscopy. We have investigated the pulchellin action in pre-treated HeLa cells with several drugs, targeting different endocytic and translocation routes. Confocal images showed PII tends to be localized in cells cortical region and PIV tend to be localized in cell\'s perinuclear region, suggesting that isoforms have different cell entry and transport mechanisms. The protein synthesis inhibition results showed that brefeldin A protects cells against the toxic effect of pulchellin, which indicates the pulchellin needs to be transported to Golgi to perform its toxic effect. When HeLa cells were incubated with protein synthesis inhibitors, such as puromycin and cycloheximidine and glycosilation inhibitors such as tunicamycin, swainsonine, they were sensitized to pulchellin, but to different extent for PII and PIV. Binding and uptake experiments showed that PII exhibits 30% less affinity than PIV on HeLa cells surface, PII also has lower endocytic rate than PIV in the cells. These data corroborate with FCS (Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy) results, which identified that PIV diffuses faster than PII into the celIs. Dynamine inhibitors increased endocytosis rates in both isoforms, indicating that pulchellin is upregulating the dynamine-independent endocytosis, possibly pulchellin is being internalized into the cells by alternative endocytic routes. When HeLa cells were incubated with PDMP and neuraminidase, PIV showed a reduced cell association compared with PII and control, indicating that PIV may require glycocomplexes and sphingolipids containing sialic acid to enter into the cells. DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) and SPR (Surface Plasmon Ressonance) experiments using biomimetic membranes were performed using GM1 ganglioside to check this interaction. The results showed PIV and PII interact with GM1. This results also evidence PIV interact more hidrophobically and with a higher association rate on GM1 than PII.
3

Endocitose e transporte intracelular de isoformas da pulchellina / Endocytosis and cell transport of pulchellin isoforms

Heline Hellen Teixeira Moreira 26 April 2017 (has links)
A pulchellina é uma glicoproteína heterodimérica com duas cadeias, pertencente à família das proteínas inativadoras de ribossomos (RIPs) do tipo 2. A cadeia A é enzimaticamente ativa e é capaz de remover uma adenina da porção 28S do rRNA; a cadeia B é uma lectina que se liga a resíduos de D-Galactose terminais, presentes na membrana. Das 4 isoformas da pulchellina (PI, PII, PIII, PIV), PII é a mais tóxica in vivo, sendo a atividade catalítica da cadeia A similar para todas as isoformas. A interação da cadeia B com os glicoreceptores de membrana e seu conseguinte processo de endocitose é crucial para que cadeia A tóxica entre na célula e torne-se disponível para atuar no seu sítio ribossomal. Assim, visando explorar e encontrar potenciais diferenças no mecanismo de ligação à célula e de endocitose das isoformas, foram realizados experimentos usando microscopia confocal com as toxinas marcadas com Alexa flúor® em células HeLa e MV3. As imagens obtidas mostraram que PII localiza-se na região perinuclear das células enquanto PIV predomina na região cortical. Esses resultados sugeriram que as isoformas apresentam distintos mecanismos de entrada e transporte nas células. Para esclarecer tal questão, a ação da pulchellina em células HeLa tratadas com diversas drogas que atuam em diferentes rotas endocíticas e de translocação, foi monitorada. Os resultados de inibição de síntese proteica mostraram que as células sofrem proteção contra a pulchellina na presença de brefeldina A, indicando que a pulchellina necessita ser transportada via Golgi para executar sua função. Inibidores de glicosilação como tunicamicina, swainsonine e inibidores de síntese proteica, como a puromicina e cicloheximidina sensibilizaram as células à PII e PIV, mas em diferentes taxas. Por outro lado, a puromicina e a cicloheximidina não afetaram a taxa de endocitose das isoformas, o que indica que a pulchellina na ausência dos inibidores compete pelo transporte ou processamento de glicoproteínas recém-sintetizadas. Experimentos de ligação e captação da pulchellina mostraram que PII apresenta 30% menos afinidade pela superfície de células HeLa que PIV, além de apresentar menor taxa endocítica. Esses dados corroboram estudos de FCS (espectroscopia de correlação e fluorescência) que identificaram que a difusão de PIV em células HeLa é maior que de PII. Nos experimentos realizados com inibidores de dinamina, ambas isoformas tiveram as suas taxas de endocitose aumentadas, indicando um efeito compensatório para via endocítica independente de dinamina. Em células incubadas com PDMP e neuraminidase, PIV mostrou uma associação às células reduzida, enquanto PII não se alterou, indicando que PIV pode necessitar de esfingolipídeos e glicocomplexos contendo ácido siálico para ligar e se internalizar nas células testadas. Para investigar essa diferença na interação foram realizados ensaios in vitro de DSC (Calorimetria Diferencial de Varredura) e SPR (ressonância plasmônica de superfície) com as isoformas isoladas. Esses ensaios mostraram que PIV e PII apresentam interações distintas com o gangliosídeo GM1, sendo que a PIV interage mais hidrofobicamente e com uma maior taxa de associação com GM1 que a PII. / Pulchellin is a heterodimeric toxin found in Abrus pulchellus seeds. It is a type 2 ribosome inactivating protein, which consists of a toxic A-chain linked to a sugar binding B-chain. The B-chain mediates its binding to the galactose residues on the cellular membrane in a process that is then followed by an endocytic uptake. Once the A-chain reaches the cytosol it inhibits protein synthesis leading to cell death. In order to explore pulchellin isoforms II and IV (PII and PIV) cell entry and transport mechanisms, experiments monitoring toxin labelled with Alexafuor® in MV3 and HeLa cells were performed using confocal microscopy. We have investigated the pulchellin action in pre-treated HeLa cells with several drugs, targeting different endocytic and translocation routes. Confocal images showed PII tends to be localized in cells cortical region and PIV tend to be localized in cell\'s perinuclear region, suggesting that isoforms have different cell entry and transport mechanisms. The protein synthesis inhibition results showed that brefeldin A protects cells against the toxic effect of pulchellin, which indicates the pulchellin needs to be transported to Golgi to perform its toxic effect. When HeLa cells were incubated with protein synthesis inhibitors, such as puromycin and cycloheximidine and glycosilation inhibitors such as tunicamycin, swainsonine, they were sensitized to pulchellin, but to different extent for PII and PIV. Binding and uptake experiments showed that PII exhibits 30% less affinity than PIV on HeLa cells surface, PII also has lower endocytic rate than PIV in the cells. These data corroborate with FCS (Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy) results, which identified that PIV diffuses faster than PII into the celIs. Dynamine inhibitors increased endocytosis rates in both isoforms, indicating that pulchellin is upregulating the dynamine-independent endocytosis, possibly pulchellin is being internalized into the cells by alternative endocytic routes. When HeLa cells were incubated with PDMP and neuraminidase, PIV showed a reduced cell association compared with PII and control, indicating that PIV may require glycocomplexes and sphingolipids containing sialic acid to enter into the cells. DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) and SPR (Surface Plasmon Ressonance) experiments using biomimetic membranes were performed using GM1 ganglioside to check this interaction. The results showed PIV and PII interact with GM1. This results also evidence PIV interact more hidrophobically and with a higher association rate on GM1 than PII.
4

Effects of Aquatic Acidification on Calcium Uptake in White River Shrimp Litopenaeus setiferus Gills

Jacobs, Maria-Flora 01 January 2019 (has links)
Previous research regarding aquatic acidification has examined the protonation of the carbonate and does not consider calcium to be a limiting factor. This is the first study to suggest that pH may affect the uptake of calcium in crustacean gills. This project describes ion transport mechanisms present in the cell membranes of white river shrimp Litopenaeus setiferus gill epithelium, and the effects of pH on the uptake of calcium by these means. Partially purified membrane vesicles (PPMV) of shrimp gills were prepared through a homogenization process that has been used previously to define ion transport in crab and lobster gill tissues. In the current study, shrimp gill PPMV calcium uptake at 50 µM, and 250 µM was greatest at pH 7.0 (p=0.01, p=0.0001). A valinomycin/K+ induced membrane potential (PD) at pH 7.0 significantly increased (p=0.003) calcium uptake from that observed in the absence of a PD. An induced PD at pH 8.0 significantly increased (p=0.003) calcium uptake from that observed in the absence of a PD, however, was not significantly greater than uptake at pH 7.0 in the presence of a PD (p=0.05). Amiloride (2mM) treatments, and amiloride (2mM) + verapamil (100µM) cocktail treatments showed significant decrease in calcium uptake from the control (p=0.03), however, they were not different from each other. This indicates an electrogenic carrier with two driving forces: calcium concentration, and asymmetric exchange stoichiometry.
5

Konstrukce transportního vozíku s robotem nebo nosičem palet / Design of transfer carriage equipped with robot or pallete holder

Tatíček, Vojtěch January 2019 (has links)
The aim of this work was to design the construction of transport equipment under industrial robot, pallet holder or other equipment. This manipulation device can be moved in one axis on a rigid guide. The device is designed for use in a linear manufacturing system for handling workpieces and tools. It is capable of operating two rows of machines when it is placed in the middle. The main function of this device is to extend the workspace to the carried devices. This type of construction can be used in combination with an industrial robot for other technological tasks such as welding or light machining. The main parts of this device include statically mounted beds that can be stacked behind each other to form optionally long conveyor paths and a positioning plate that moves along the path formed by these beds. An industrial robot, pallet holder or other device is attached to this positioning plate. In addition to the design itself, the thesis also includes a thorough research of the issue, further possibilities of solution in the form of concepts, verification of the structure by means of calculations and simulations and implementation of the solution into a specific production cell.

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