The rapid deterioration of the global environment forces people to increasingly take into consideration. Nowadays, concrete is the most extensively-used construction material in the world. Cement, the dominant material for manufacturing concrete, has been largely used in the past few decades. It has also been generally considered as an environmentally hazardous material, mainly due to CO2 emissions during the production process. Thus, many industrial by-products have been used to partially substitute cement in order to generate more economic and durable concrete. Among these by-products, fly ash generated during combustion of coal has been successfully used in concrete for many years. Unlike traditional fly ash, a new type of ash may also be used. It is obtained by combustion of de-inking sludge, bark and residues of woods in a fluidized-bed system from Brompton Mill located near Sherbrooke, Canada. However, the properties and the applications of this new by-product are not well known. An investigation was carried out to characterize this new material and examine its performance as an alternative material in the production of concrete. Firstly, the chemical, physical, mineralogical, and morphological characteristics of WSA were analyzed and were compared with traditional ash. In addition, the rheological properties of pastes and mortars mixed with WSA were evaluated by tests such as the calorimeter, mini-slump, marsh cone, and compressive strength of mortar cubes. In addition, the optimum ratio of cement replaced by WSA was examined by the compressive strength of concrete at the age of 1, 7, 28 and 91 days. Herein, two different water-to-binder ratios are considered: 0.4 and 0.55. Finally, the comprehensive properties of WSA concrete applying to the optimum ratio was carried out in different aspects such as fresh, mechanical properties, volume-change, and durability.The results show that it is possible to use WSA as a new cementitious material in concrete. According to the experimental results, a high-range water-reducing agent was required, even at a higher water-to-binder ratio (WSA showed a high degree of water demand). It study also revealed that WSA concrete had low permeability, and resisted freezing and thawing compared to the control mixture. In addition, the high CaO content in WSA substantially increased the expansion of concrete, early in the process. This greatly compensated the autogenous shrinkage that was developed in concrete with a low water-to-binder ratio. However, WSA is not recommended for use in environments containing a high quantity of sulphate, because its higher lime phase may cause the damage to constructions.

L'industrie du ciment est l'une des principales sources d'émission de dioxyde de carbone. L'industrie mondiale du ciment contribue à environ 7% des émissions de gaz à effet de serre dans l'atmosphère. Afin d'aborder les effets environnementaux associés à la fabrication de ciment exploitant en permanence les ressources naturelles, il est nécessaire de développer des liants alternatifs pour fabriquer du béton durable. Ainsi, de nombreux sous-produits industriels ont été utilisés pour remplacer partiellement le ciment dans le béton afin de générer plus d'économie et de durabilité. La performance d'un additif de ciment est dans la cinétique d'hydratation et de la synergie entre les additions et de ciment Portland. Dans ce projet, deux sous-produits industriels sont étudiés comme des matériaux cimentaires alternatifs: le résidu de silice amorphe (RSA) et les cendres des boues de désencrage. Le RSA est un sous-produit de la production de magnésium provenant de l'Alliance Magnésium des villes d'Asbestos et Thedford Mines, et les cendres des boues de désencrage est un sous-produit de la combustion des boues de désencrage, l'écorce et les résidus de bois dans le système à lit fluidisé de l'usine de Brompton située près de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada. Récemment, les cendres des boues de désencrage ont été utilisées comme des matériaux cimentaires alternatifs. L'utilisation de ces cendres comme matériau cimentaire dans la fabrication du béton conduit à réduire la qualité des bétons. Ces problèmes sont causés par des produits d'hydratation perturbateurs des cendres volantes de la biomasse quand ces cendres sont partiellement mélangées avec du ciment dans la fabrication du béton. Le processus de pré-mouillage de la cendre de boue de désencrage avant la fabrication du béton réduit les produits d'hydratation perturbateurs et par conséquent les propriétés mécaniques du béton sont améliorées. Les approches pour étudier la cendre de boue de désencrage dans ce projet sont : 1) caractérisation de cette cendre volante régulière et pré-humidifiée, 2) l'étude de la performance du mortier et du béton incorporant cette cendre volante régulière et pré-humidifiée. Le RSA est un nouveau sous-produit industriel. La haute teneur en silice amorphe en RSA est un excellent potentiel en tant que matériau cimentaire dans le béton. Dans ce projet, l'évaluation des RSA comme matériaux cimentaires alternatifs compose trois étapes. Tout d'abord, la caractérisation par la détermination des propriétés minéralogiques, physiques et chimiques des RSA, ensuite, l'optimisation du taux de remplacement du ciment par le RSA dans le mortier, et enfin l'évaluation du RSA en remplacement partiel du ciment dans différents types de béton dans le système binaire et ternaire. Cette étude a révélé que le béton de haute performance (BHP) incorporant le RSA a montré des propriétés mécaniques et la durabilité, similaire du contrôle. Le RSA a amélioré les propriétés des mécaniques et la durabilité du béton ordinaire (BO). Le béton autoplaçant (BAP) incorporant le RSA est stable, homogène et a montré de bonnes propriétés mécaniques et la durabilité. Le RSA avait une bonne synergie en combinaison de liant ternaire avec d'autres matériaux cimentaires supplémentaires. Cette étude a montré que le RSA peut être utilisé comme nouveaux matériaux cimentaires dans le béton. / Abstract : Cement manufacturing industry is one of the carbon dioxide emitting sources. The global cement industry contributes about 7% of greenhouse gas emission to the earth’s atmosphere. In order to address environmental effects associated with cement manufacturing and constantly depleting natural resources, there is necessity to develop alternative binders to make sustainable concrete. Thus, many industrial by-products have been used to partially substitute cement in order to generate more economic and durable concrete. The performance of a cement additive depends on kinetics hydration and synergy between additions and Portland cement. In this project, two industrial by-products are investigated as alternative supplementary cementitious materials (ASCMs), non-toxic amorphous silica residue (AmSR) and wastepaper sludge ash (WSA). AmSR is by-product of production of magnesium from Alliance Magnesium near of Asbestos and Thetford Mines Cities, and wastepaper sludge ash is by-product of combustion of de-inking sludge, bark and residues of woods in fluidized-bed system from Brompton mill located near Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada. The AmSR is new industrial by-products. Recently, wastepaper sludge ash has been used as cementitious materials. Utilization of these ashes as cementitious material in concrete manufacturing leads to reduce the mechanical properties of concretes. These problems are caused by disruptive hydration products of biomass fly ash once these ashes partially blended with cement in concrete manufacturing. The pre-wetting process of WSA before concrete manufacturing reduced disruptive hydration products and consequently improved concrete mechanical properties. Approaches for investigation of WSA in this project consist on characterizing regular and pre-wetted WSA, the effect of regular and pre-wetted WSA on performance of mortar and concrete. The high content of amorphous silica in AmSR is excellent potential as cementitious material in concrete. In this project, evaluation of AmSR as cementitious materials consists of three steps. Characterizing and determining physical, chemical and mineralogical properties of AmSR. Then, effect of different rates of replacement of cement by AmSR in mortar. Finally, study of effect of AmSR as partial replacement of cement in different concrete types with binary and ternary binder combinations. This study revealed that high performance concrete (HPC) incorporating AmSR showed similar mechanical properties and durability, compared to control mixture. AmSR improved mechanical properties and durability of ordinary concrete. Self-consolidating (SCC) concrete incorporating AmSR was stable, homogenous and showed good mechanical properties and durability. AmSR had good synergy in ternary binder combination with other supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). This study showed AmSR can be use as new cementitious materials in concrete.