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Les différentes lithologies sédimentaires du Groupe Belqa présentent un enrichissement en P et en toute une série d'éléments sensibles aux conditions redox. Il est montré que l'enrichissement en U, Cu, Co, Mo, V résulte d'un dépôt syn-sédimentaire sous conditions suboxiques. Par contre, les éléments Cr, Ni, Cd, Zn sont beaucoup plus enrichis et requierent un flux exogénique de métal probablement relié à l'altération de roches ultrabasiques obductées à la même période au nord de cette région, lors de la collision de la plaque arabo-africaine avec la plaque eurasienne. Les phosphates représentent le principal hôte de l'uranium et des terres rares. L'analyse des apatites par ablation laser ICP-MS a permis de montrer leur évolution, depuis le stade sédimentaire-diagénétique, puis pyrométamorphique, jusqu'à l'altération supergène. La libération de l'uranium de la structure de l'apatite lors du pyrométamorphisme et de l'altération supergène permet sa mise à disposition pour la formation de minéralisations. Le pyrométamorphisme, dû à une combustion des niveaux riches en matière organique, est responsable de la déstabilisation des apatites, et de la formation de roches de compositions semblables à des ciments clinker/Portland. L'uranium a également été libéré de la structure de l'apatite par altération supergène. L'altération météorique et les fluides évaporitiques ont permis le lessivage et le transport des éléments (U, V) des roches carbonatées métamorphiques, et des carbonates puis a conduit au dépôt des vanadates d'uranyles dans les carbonates pulvérulents ayant subi une dissolution importante / The different lithologies of the Belqa Group present an enrichment in P and various redox sensitive elements. The U, Cu, Co, Mo, V enrichment results from synsedimentary deposition in suboxic conditions. However, the higher Cr, Ni, Cd, Zn enrichment requires an exogenic metal flux probably related to the terrestrial leaching of ultrabasic rocks obducted during the collision between African-Arabian and Eurasian plates to the north of the study region, at the same time. Phosphates are the main host lithology for uranium and rare earth elements. The analysis of the apatites by laser ablation ICP-MS shows their evolution along the sedimentary-diagenetic and pyrometamorphic stages, up to the supergene weathering. The uranium liberation from the apatite structure during the pyrometamorphism and surficial weathering led to its availability as supergene ore mineralization. Pyrometamorphism resulted from the combustion of organic-rich layers and caused the destabilization of the apatites, and the formation of rocks which have compositions similar to clinker/Portland cements. Uranium has been also released from the structure of the apatite by supergene alteration. Meteoric weathering and the evaporitic groundwater resulted in the leaching and the transport of the elements (U, V) from the metamorphic carbonated hills, and from the surrounding permeable limestone which has undergone dissolution in the near surface zone

This thesis is a multi-disciplinary survey of the Central Jordan Valley during the Late Bronze Age (1500-1200 BC) illustrated with an abundant use of maps and tables. The purpose is to determine how the Jordan Valley functioned as an economic unit during the Late Bronze Age. This thesis surveys the geographical, historical and archaeological records related to the Jordan Valley during the Late Bronze Age. A chapter is devoted to each field, geography (physical and human), history (Egyptian and Hebrew Bible) and archaeology. The data from each discipline is used to individually answer two questions: 1) was the Jordan Valley a single geographic/economic unit in the Late Bronze Age? 2) to what extent was the Jordan Valley integrated/interacting with the east-west highlands and the larger region in the Late Bronze Age? The primary objectives are to 1) explore and model a historical geographic hermeneutic for understanding the human experience of the Ancient Near East; and 2) lay a foundation for understanding the role of the Jordan Valley in affecting the Biblical periods of the Israelite monarchy to the Roman period.The answers from each chapter are then synthesized into a single geographic historical archaeological picture of the Central Jordan Valley during the Late Bronze Age. The Central Jordan Valley was divided into two sections: a fertile, populated, well connected north-central section and an isolated, sparsely populated southern section with limited agricultural zones. Trade with and between the eastern and western highlands is well represented by artifactual parallels in and through the Jordan Valley, the north-central section on a regional and international scale and the southern section on a more local scale. The thesis concludes that there are more artifactual points of connection between the Jordan Valley and the eastern highlands than with the western highlands. An ‘early conquest’ model of the Hebrew Bible is plausible within the historical records of the Egyptian 18th and 19th Dynasties and the geographical and archaeological records of the Jordan Valley during the Late Bronze Age. / Old Testament & Ancient Near Eastern Studies

This thesis is a multi-disciplinary survey of the Central Jordan Valley during the Late Bronze Age (1500-1200 BC) illustrated with an abundant use of maps and tables. The purpose is to determine how the Jordan Valley functioned as an economic unit during the Late Bronze Age. This thesis surveys the geographical, historical and archaeological records related to the Jordan Valley during the Late Bronze Age. A chapter is devoted to each field, geography (physical and human), history (Egyptian and Hebrew Bible) and archaeology. The data from each discipline is used to individually answer two questions: 1) was the Jordan Valley a single geographic/economic unit in the Late Bronze Age? 2) to what extent was the Jordan Valley integrated/interacting with the east-west highlands and the larger region in the Late Bronze Age? The primary objectives are to 1) explore and model a historical geographic hermeneutic for understanding the human experience of the Ancient Near East; and 2) lay a foundation for understanding the role of the Jordan Valley in affecting the Biblical periods of the Israelite monarchy to the Roman period.The answers from each chapter are then synthesized into a single geographic historical archaeological picture of the Central Jordan Valley during the Late Bronze Age. The Central Jordan Valley was divided into two sections: a fertile, populated, well connected north-central section and an isolated, sparsely populated southern section with limited agricultural zones. Trade with and between the eastern and western highlands is well represented by artifactual parallels in and through the Jordan Valley, the north-central section on a regional and international scale and the southern section on a more local scale. The thesis concludes that there are more artifactual points of connection between the Jordan Valley and the eastern highlands than with the western highlands. An ‘early conquest’ model of the Hebrew Bible is plausible within the historical records of the Egyptian 18th and 19th Dynasties and the geographical and archaeological records of the Jordan Valley during the Late Bronze Age. / Biblical and Ancient Studies