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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
51

The role of oxygen free radicals in ischemic brain damage

Pahlmark, Kerstin. January 1995 (has links)
Thesis (doctoral)--Lund University, 1995. / Added t.p. with thesis statement inserted.
52

Ischemic brain damage the influence of hyperglycemia on tissue injury, cerebral circulation and edema formation /

Gisselsson, Lars. January 1998 (has links)
Thesis (doctoral)--Lund University, 1998. / Added t.p. with thesis statement inserted. Includes bibliographical references.
53

Characterizing the neuroprotective efficacy of ischemic preconditioning (ischemic tolerance) : is age an important factor? /

Dowden, Jennifer, January 1999 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, Faculty of Medicine, 2000. / Typescript. Bibliography: p. 137-164.
54

The role of oxygen free radicals in ischemic brain damage

Pahlmark, Kerstin. January 1995 (has links)
Thesis (doctoral)--Lund University, 1995. / Added t.p. with thesis statement inserted.
55

Effects of NPY-Y1 receptor activation or inhibition on free radical generation during in vitro or in vivo cerebral ischemia

Chan, Pui-shan, January 2006 (has links)
Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Title proper from title frame. Also available in printed format.
56

PrÃ-condicionamento nutricional com misturas de Ãleos Ãmega-3, 6 e 9 na isquemia e reperfusÃo cerebral em ratos / Preconditioning with Omega-3, 6 and 9 fatty acids mixes in brain ischemia and reperfusion in rats

Petrucia Antero Pinheiro 30 September 2011 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de NÃvel Superior / Os Ãcidos graxos insaturados Ãmega-3 (&#969;-3) e Ãmega-9 (&#969;-9) possuem aÃÃo anti-inflamatÃria e antioxidante, enquanto os Ãmega-6 (&#969;-6) sÃo prÃ-inflamatÃrios. Este estudo verificou os efeitos do prÃ-condicionamento com misturas de Ãleos contendo baixa relaÃÃo &#969;-6/&#969;-3 e elevada relaÃÃo &#969;-9/&#969;-6, em modelo experimental de isquemia-reperfusÃo cerebral. Foram utilizados 42 ratos Wistar, divididos em dois grupos: Controle (n=24) e Teste (n=18). O grupo Controle foi subdividido em 4 grupos de 6 animais, cada: Simulado - Ãgua (Sim-Ãgua), Isquemia-ReperfusÃo - Ãgua (IR-Ãgua), Simulado - IsolipÃdico (Sim-IsolipÃdico) e Isquemia-ReperfusÃo - IsolipÃdico (IR-IsolipÃdico). Os animais receberam Ãgua ou uma mistura isolipÃdica com relaÃÃes &#969;-6/&#969;-3 = 8:1 e &#969;-9/&#969;-6 = 0,4:1 por via orogÃstrica, durante sete dias, conforme seus grupos. O grupo Teste foi subdividido em 3 grupos de 6 animais: IR-Mix1, IR-Mix2 e IR-Mix3. Os animais do grupo Teste receberam misturas oleosas com relaÃÃes &#969;-6/&#969;-3 = 1,4:1 e &#969;-9/&#969;-6 = 3,4:1 , diferindo apenas na fonte de &#969;-3: Mix1, contendo o Ãcido &#969;-3 &#945;-linolÃnico; Mix2, contendo os Ãcidos &#969;-3 &#945;-linolÃnico, eicosapentaenÃico e docosaexaenoico, e Mix 3, contendo os Ãcidos &#969;-3 &#945;-linolÃnico e docosaexaenÃico, administradas por via orogÃstrica, durante sete dias. No sÃtimo dia, os animais dos grupos IR-Ãgua, IR-IsolipÃdico, IR-Mix1, IR-Mix2 e IR-Mix3 foram submetidos à isquemia cerebral com oclusÃo bilateral das artÃrias carÃtidas comuns por 1 hora, seguida de reperfusÃo por 3 horas. Os animais dos grupos Sim-Ãgua e Sim-IsolipÃdico foram submetidos à operaÃÃo simulada. Ao final do experimento, todos os animais foram decapitados e seus cÃrebros fatiados para anÃlise histopatolÃgica da Ãrea CA3 do hipocampo. A morte neuronal foi quantificada pela contagem de neurÃnios vermelhos (NV). Constatou-se que a quantidade de NV no grupo IR-Ãgua (36,83  9,79) foi maior (P = 0,0046) que a observada do grupo Sim-Ãgua (17,67  8,48), bem como a quantidade de NV no grupo IR-IsolipÃdico (29,83  12,19) foi maior (P = 0,0459) que a observada no grupo Sim-IsolipÃdico (14,17  11,62). NÃo foi constatada diferenÃa na quantidade de NV entre os grupos Sim-Ãgua (17,67  8,48) e Sim-IsolipÃdico (14,17  11,62), ou entre os grupos IR-Ãgua (36,83  9,79) e IR-IsolipÃdico (29,83  12,19). A quantidade de NV no grupo IR-Mix1 (12,33  6,31) foi menor que a verificada nos grupos IR-Ãgua (36,83  9,79; P < 0,01) e IR-IsolipÃdico (29,83  12,19; P < 0,05). As quantidades de NV nos grupos IR-Mix2 (10,67  2,81) e IR-Mix3 (7,33  6,47) tambÃm foram menores que as verificadas nos grupos IR-Ãgua (36,83  9,79; P < 0,001) e IR-IsolipÃdico (29,83  12,19; P < 0,01). NÃo foram constatadas diferenÃas nas quantidades de NV entre os grupos IR-Mix1 (12,33  6,31), IR-Mix2 (10,67  2,81) e IR-Mix3 (7,33  6,47), entre si. Conclui-se que, independentemente da fonte de &#969;-3, o prÃ-condicionamento com misturas de Ãleos contendo baixa relaÃÃo &#969;-6/&#969;-3 e elevada relaÃÃo &#969;-9/&#969;-6, protege os neurÃnios contra as lesÃes de isquemia-reperfusÃo cerebral em modelo experimental. / Omega-3 (&#969;-3) and omega-9 (&#969;-9) unsaturated fatty acids are anti-inflammatory and antioxidant, while omega-6 (&#969;-6) fatty acids are pro-inflammatory. This study investigated the preconditioning effects of fatty acids mixes with low ratio &#969;-6/&#969;-3 and high ratio &#969;-9/&#969;-6, in a brain ischemia-reperfusion experimental model. Forty-two Wistar rats were aleatory assigned to two groups: Control (n=24) and Test (n=18). Control group was divided into 4 groups, each with 6 animals: Water-Simulated (Water-Sim), Water - Ischemia-Reperfusion (Water-IR), Isolipid-Simulated (Isolipid-Sim) and Isolipid - Ischemia-Reperfusion (Isolipid-IR). The animals received water or a isolipid mix with &#969;-6/&#969;-3 ratio of 8:1 and &#969;-9/&#969;-6 ratio of 0,4:1 by gavage, for 7 days, according to their groups. Test group was divided into 3 groups of 6 animals: Mix1-IR, Mix2-IR, and Mix3-IR. All animals from Test group received oil mixes with &#969;-6/&#969;-3 ratio of 1,4:1 and &#969;-9/&#969;-6 ratio of 3,4:1 , differing only on the &#969;-3 source: Mix1, with &#969;-3 linolenic acid; Mix2, with &#969;-3 linolenic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids, and Mix 3, with &#969;-3 linolenic and docosahexaenoic acids, by gavage, for 7 days. At the 7th day, animals from Water-IR, Isolipid-IR, Mix1-IR, Mix2-IR, and Mix3-IR groups were subjected to 1-hour brain ischemia by occlusion of both common carotid arteries, followed by a 3-hour reperfusion. Animals from Water-Sim and Isolipid-Sim groups were submitted to a simulated operation. At the end of the experiment, all animals were decapitated and their brains were sliced and sent to histological analysis of the CA3 hippocampal region. Neuronal death was quantified by the red neurons (RN) count. It was found that the number of RN in Water-IR group (36.83  9.79) was higher (P = 0.0046) than the number observed in Water-Sim group (17.67  8.48), and similarly, the number of RN in Isolipid-IR group (29.83  12.19) was higher (P = 0.0459) than the number observed in Isolipid-Sim group (14.17  11.62). There was no difference between the amount of RN from Water-Sim (17.67  8.48) and Isolipid-Sim (14.17  11.62) groups, nor between Water-IR (36.83  9.79) and Isolipid-IR (29.83  12.19) groups. The number of RN in Mix1-IR group (12.33  6.31) was lower than the number seen in Water-IR (36.83  9.79; P < 0.01) and Isolipid-IR (29.83  12.19; P < 0.05) groups. The amounts of RN in Mix2-IR (10.67  2.81) and Mix3-IR (7.33  6.47) groups were also lower than the amounts observed in IR-Water (36.83  9.79; P < 0.001) and IR-Isolipid (29.83  12.19; P < 0.01) groups. There were no differences between the Mix1-IR (12.33  6.31), Mix2-IR (10.67  2.81) and Mix3-IR (7.33  6.47) groups. In conclusion, regardless of the source of &#969;-3, preconditioning with fatty acids mixes with low ratio &#969;-6/&#969;-3 and high ratio &#969;-9/&#969;-6, protects the neurons against brain ischemia-reperfusion injuries in this experimental model.
57

Efeito Neuroprotetor do Ãcido RosmarÃnico no Dano Neuronal, DÃficit de MemÃria e Resposta InflamatÃria de Camundongos Submetidos à Isquemia Cerebral Focal Permanente.

Analu AragÃo Fonteles 25 March 2013 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / O acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) resulta da interrupÃÃo aguda do fluxo sanguÃneo aos tecidos cerebrais, resultando no decrÃscimo de oxigÃnio e glicose para os tecidos e consequentemente em perda rÃpida da funÃÃo neurolÃgica. à a segunda principal causa de morte no mundo e uma das principais causas de incapacidade fÃsica segundo dados da OrganizaÃÃo Mundial de SaÃde. No Brasil ocorrem cerca de 100 mil Ãbitos por ano devido ao AVC. O AVC pode ser dividido em dois tipos, isquÃmico, quando ocorre a interrupÃÃo do fluxo sanguÃneo devido à obstruÃÃo por um trombo ou Ãmbolo, e hemorrÃgico, quando ocorre rompimento de uma artÃria cerebral. Aproximadamente, 80% dos casos de AVC sÃo devidos a isquemia cerebral. A falta de glicose e oxigÃnio no tecido neuronal promove uma deficiÃncia da sÃntese de ATP que resulta em um colapso nos mecanismos dependentes de energia precipitando uma cascata de eventos que envolvem estresse oxidativo, inflamaÃÃo e morte neuronal. O Ãcido rosmarÃnico à um polifenol encontrado nas plantas da famÃlia das Laminaceae que possui atividade anti-inflamatÃria, antioxidante e anti-apoptÃtica jà descritas. Apesar de muitos estudos buscarem drogas neuroprotetoras para o AVC isquÃmico, poucos se mostraram realmente efetivos. Assim se torna evidente a necessidade de estudar os polifenÃis que possam vir a ser uma estratÃgia terapÃutica no tratamento do AVC. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar os efeitos do Ãcido rosmarÃnico sobre o dano neuronal, dÃficits de memÃria e resposta infamatÃria de camundongos submetidos à isquemia cerebral focal permanente experimental induzida por oclusÃo da artÃria cerebral mÃdia. O modelo de isquemia cerebral focal permanente foi comprovado atravÃs do aumento significativo nas percentagens das Ãreas de infarto, atravÃs da coloraÃÃo com TTC, nos animais isquemiados. O Ãcido rosmarÃnico diminuiu a de Ãrea de lesÃo isquÃmica nos animais isquemiados nas doses de 1, 10 e 20 mg/kg. A ICF produziu dÃficits sensÃrio-motor significativos na avaliaÃÃo neurolÃgica. O Ãcido rosmarÃnico preveniu significativamente o dÃficits sensÃrio-motor nas doses de 1, 10 e 20 mg/kg. O modelo utilizado nÃo apresentou alteraÃÃes na atividade locomotora dos animais. O modelo de isquemia produziu dÃficits de memÃria de trabalho, memÃria episÃdica, memÃria espacial e de memÃria aversiva. O tratamento com o Ãcido rosmarÃnico na dose de 20 mg/kg preveniu os dÃficits na memÃria de trabalho, memÃria episÃdica e memÃria espacial. A ICF provocou aumento da mieloperoxidase (CÃtex temporal: FO: 0,85Â0,42; FO + AR 20: 1,23Â0,71; ICF: 5,65Â1,4; Corpo estriado: FO: 0,60Â0,29; FO + AR 20: 0,75Â0,36; ICF: 1,34Â0,33) e ativaÃÃo de astrÃcitos no cÃrtex temporal e no corpo estriado (FO: 109,2 4,3; ICF: 152,9 8,8). O Ãcido rosmarÃnico na dose de 20 mg/kg preveniu o aumento da MPO no cÃrtex temporal (ICF + AR 20: 3,50Â0,87) e a astrogliose no cÃrtex temporal e corpo estriado (ICF + AR 20: 124,4Â6,2). Os resultados do presente estudo sugerem que o Ãcido rosmarÃnico possui atividade neuroprotetora provavelmente devido a sua aÃÃo anti-inflamatÃria. / Ischemic cerebrovascular accident results from reduced blood supply to brain tissue, resulting in deprivation of glucose and oxygen characterized by rapid loss of neurological function. Stroke itâs the second leading cause of death and the first cause of disability worldwide. In Brazil occurs one hundred cases of death a year. The stroke can be divided into two types: ischemic, that results of a obstruction in the blood flux, and hemorrhagic, that results of a ruption of blood vessels. Aproximately 80% of strokes are due to cerebral ischemia. Glucose and oxygen deprivation leads to a cascade of events, including oxidative stress and inflammation, that culminate in neuronal death. Rosmarinic acid is a polifenol found in the Laminaceae family with known anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiapoptotic activities. Although many studies seek neuroprotective drugs for ischemic stroke, few have proved really effective. Thus it becomes evident the need to study the polyphenols that may be a therapeutic strategy in the treatment of stroke. The aim of this work was study the effect of rosmarÃnico acid in the neuronal damage, memory deficits and inflammatory response in mice subjected to experimental model of focal cerebral brain ischemia by occlusion of middle cerebral artery (oMCA). The model of cerebral ischemia was proven by the significant increase in the percentage of infarct area by TTC staining in ischemic animals. The rosmarÃnico acid (1, 10 e 20 mg/kg) significantly decreased the percentage of lesion area caused by ischemia. oMCA produced significant sensorimotor dÃficits in neurological evaluation. The rosmarÃnico acid (1, 10 e 20 mg/kg) prevented the sensorimotor deficits. The MCAo showed no changes in locomotor activity in animals. The MCAo produced deficits in operational memory, episodic memory, spatial memory and aversive memory. The treatment with rosmarinic acid (20 mg/kg) prevented memory deficits. The MCAo increased the MPO level (temporal cÃrtex: FO: 0,85Â0,42; FO + AR 20: 1,23Â0,71; ICF: 5,65Â1,4; striatum: FO: 0,60Â0,29; FO + AR 20: 0,75Â0,36; ICF: 1,34Â0,33) and the astroglioses (FO: 109,2 4,3; ICF: 152,9 8,8) in the temporal cortex and striatum. The treatment with rosmarinic acid prevented MPO increase (ICF + AR 20: 3,50Â0,87) and activation of astrÃcitos (ICF + AR 20: 124,4Â6,2). The MCAo induced an decrease in synaptofisin expression and rosmarÃnico acid prevented (FO: 100,0Â1,9; ICF: 77,1Â5,7; ICF + AR 20: 88,6Â4,0). The results of this study suggests that rosmarinic acid has neuroprotective activity probably due to its antinflammatory action.
58

Expressão de AIF, PARP-1 e do microRNA-9 em modelo de isquemia cerebral experimental associada ao alcoolismo / Expression of AIF, PARP-1 and microRNA-9 in experimental model of cerebral ischemia associated to alcoholism

Dayana Pousa Siqueira Abrahão 27 June 2016 (has links)
Objetivo: Analisar e descrever o perfil de expressão das proteínas relacionadas ao mecanismo de apoptose (PARP e AIF), e o perfil de expressão gênica sérica do microRNA-9 relacionado ao mecanismo de apoptose, em ratos submetidos à isquemia cerebral focal por oclusão da ACM por 90 minutos, seguida de reperfusão de 48horas, associado ou não com modelo de alcoolismo crônico. Métodos: Foram utilizados 20 ratos Wistar adultos, subdivididos em 4 grupos experimentais: grupo controle (C): animais submetidos apenas à anestesia; grupo isquêmico (I): animais submetidos à isquemia cerebral focal por 90 minutos seguido por reperfusão de 48 horas; grupo alcoolizado (A): animais que receberam diariamente álcool etílico absoluto diluído a 20% em água durante quatro semanas; e, grupo isquêmico e alcoolizado (IA): animais submetidos ao mesmo tratamento do grupo A e que, após quatro semanas foram submetidos à isquemia cerebral focal durante 90 minutos, seguido por reperfusão de 48 horas. As amostras do encéfalo coletadas foram processadas para a análise imunohistoquímica (para a expressão protéica de PARP-1 e AIF); e o sangue da artéria ventral da cauda foi coletado para a análise da expressão gênica do miRNA-9, relacionada ao mecanismo de apoptose, pela técnica de PCR em tempo real. Resultados: A comparação entre os grupos identificou uma redução da expressão proteica de PARP-1 nos animais do grupo AI quando comparado com os demais. Foi observada marcação positiva nuclear para a proteína AIF somente no grupo IA. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante da expressão sérica do miRNA-9 entre os grupos. Conclusão: O modelo proposto, pode não ter sido suficiente para promover a ativação de AIF nos grupos C, A e I e desta forma, a apoptose celular por essa via analisada. A expressão proteica de PARP-1 no grupo A, associado com a expressão nula de AIF, indica um efeito neuroprotetor do etanol neste grupo. A redução da expressão proteica de PARP-1 não afetou sua atividade enzimática, proporcionando, mesmo em baixas concentrações, ativação de AIF no grupo IA. A expressão de PARP- 1 no grupo I, associada a expressão nula de AIF indica que o modelo de isquemia possivelmente gerou leves danos no DNA o que estimulou a ativação de PARP-1 somente em níveis suficientes para promover a reparação do DNA e não a ativação do processo de apoptose pela translocação de AIF. A expressão gênica sérica do miRNA- 9 observada indicou que a mesma foi suprimida quando exposta a mecanismos de estresse (alcoolismo, isquemia e a associação dos mesmos). A correlação do miRNA-9 com a expressão proteica de PARP-1 e AIF, indicou um aspecto protetor da baixa regulação do miRNA-9 tanto em animais alcoolizados como em animais isquêmicos. O grupo IA apresentou uma tendência a baixa expressão do miRNA-9, baixa expressão de PARP-1 e alta expressão de AIF, indicando que a associação álcool e isquemia tenha interferido no efeito protetor do miRNA-9 visto nos demais grupos / Aim: To analyze and describe the expression profile of proteins related to apoptosis mechanism (PARP and AIF), and profile of gene expression of miRNA-9 related to apoptosis mechanism in rats submitted to focal cerebral ischemia by occlusion of the CMA for 90 minutes, followed by 48 hours of reperfusion, associated or without associated to chronic alcoholism model. Methods: 20 adult Wistar rats were used, divided into 4 groups: control group (C): animals submitted only to anesthesia; Ischemic group (I): animals subjected to focal cerebral ischemia for 90 minutes followed by 48 hours of reperfusion; alcoholic group (A): animals that received daily solution of 20% of absolute ethyl alcohol diluted in water during four weeks; and ischemic group and alcoholized (IA): Animals subjected to the same treatment group A and after four weeks were subjected to focal cerebral ischemia for 90 minutes followed by 48 hours of reperfusion. The brain samples were collected and processed for immunohistochemical analysis (for protein expression - PARP-1 and AIF); and the blood from ventral artery of tail was collected for the analysis, by PCR in real time, of gene expression of miRNA-9 related to the mechanism of apoptosis. Results: The comparison between the groups identified a decrease in protein expression (PARP-1) in animals from IA group compared to others groups. Nuclear positive staining was observed for the AIF protein only in the IA group. There was no significant difference in serum expression of miRNA-9 between the groups. Conclusion: The proposed model may not have been sufficient to promote the activation of AIF in groups C, A and I, and thus the apoptosis analyzed in this way. Protein expression of PARP-1 in group A associated with a null expression of AIF, indicate a neuroprotective effect of ethanol in this group. The reduction of protein expression PARP-1 did not affect its enzymatic activity, providing even at low concentrations, activation AIF in IA group. The expression of PARP-1 in group I associated with null expression of AIF showed that model of ischemia, possibly, promoted light damage in DNA which stimulated PARP-1 activation just in sufficient levels to promote DNA repair, and without activation of apoptosis by translocation of AIF. The gene expression of miRNA-9 indicated that it was suppressed when exposed to mechanical stress (alcoholism, ischemia and combination thereof). The correlation of miRNA-9 with the protein expression (PARP-1 and AIF), indicated a protective aspect of downregulation of the miRNA-9 in both animals drunk as ischemic animals. IA group showed a trend to low expression of miRNA-9 and PARP- 1, in other hand an overexpression of AIF, indicating that the association between alcohol and ischemia interfered in protective effect of miRNA-9 seen in the other groups
59

"Modulação térmica da lesão isquêmica: estudo in vitro" / Temperature modulation of the ischemic neuronal loss in vitro

Suely Kunimi Kubo Ariga 25 May 2005 (has links)
A isquemia cerebral causada pela parada cardíaca leva ao desapareciemnto neuronal. studamos os mecanismos de morte celular envolvidos na isquemia in vitro em linhagem de neuroblastoma.O insulto isquêmicao foi reproduzido cultivando as células sem fatores de crescimento, sem glicose e em embiente hipóxico produzido por um sistema de anaerobiose. Os resultados sugerem que a privação de oxigênio, glicose e fatores de cresciemtno do meio de cultura reproduzem o fenômeno semelhante a isquemia. INvestigamos ainda a participação de processo apoptótico e sua modulação térmica. Observams que a hipotermia produz neuroproteção, enquanto a hipertermia agrava o processo de morte celular por apoptose. / Cardiac arrest causes cerebral ischemia and neuronal disappearance. We investigate celular death mechanisms elucidated by a model of ischemia in neuroblastoma cell line. The ischemic insult was reproduced by deprivation of growth factors and glucose in a hypoxic environment produced by an anaerobiosis system. Our results validate the experimental model and revel the participation of an apoptotic process in the celular loss induced by ischemia. We also demonstrated that hypothermia can be used as a neuroprotector agent whereas hyperthermia aggavates celular damage.
60

Optimal pH-management during operations requiring hypothermic circulatory arrest:an experimental study employing pH- and/or α-stat strategies during cardiopulmonary bypass

Dahlbacka, S. (Sebastian) 05 June 2007 (has links)
Abstract Cessation of the blood circulation for some time during surgery of the aortic arch and repair of congenital heart defects is normally required to allow a bloodless operation field. Hypothermia is the most important mechanism for end-organ protection, particularly the brain, during such operations. Cardiopulmonary bypass is used for core cooling before total hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA) or selective cerebral perfusion (SCP) are initiated. During hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass, pH can be managed according to either pH- or alpha-stat principles. In the present work, the optimal pH management strategy for operations requiring HCA or SCP was explored. An experimental porcine model was used. Firstly, outcome was evaluated in a HCA model using either the α- or pH-stat perfusion strategy (I). Secondly, we sought to determine which acid-base management is more effective in attenuating ischemic brain injury during combined HCA and embolization conditions (II). In the third study, the impact of propofol anesthesia and α-stat perfusion strategy on outcome was explored (III). Finally, the acute effects of perfusion strategies in a SCP porcine were compared (IV). Hemodynamics, temperature, EEG (I-III), brain microdialysis, intracranial pressure (I-III), brain tissue oxygen partial pressure (I-III), and intravital microscopy (IV) were monitored intraoperatively. In the chronic studies, survival, postoperative neurologic recovery and brain histopathologic examination were evaluated (I-III). pH-stat strategy was associated with superior outcome compared to the α-stat strategy during a 75-minute period of deep HCA (I). In addition, despite the pH-stat strategy-related cerebral vasodilatation, this method provided better neuroprotection in a setting of cerebral particle embolization prior to a 25-minute period of deep HCA (II). Propofol anesthesia combined with α-stat perfusion strategy was observed to deteriorate the brain injury during HCA evaluated by key brain microdialysis parameters (III). Finally, when employing moderately hypothermic SCP, the differences between pH- and α-stat strategies in cerebral metabolism and microcirculation were minimal. These findings are clinically relevant since α-stat perfusion strategy is still the most commonly used acid-base perfusion strategy during hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass in adults, and propofol one of the most used anesthetics in clinical practice. It is also noteworthy that the pH-stat strategy is not currently used in adults because of the perceived increased risk of atherosclerotic embolization. However, the advantage of pH-stat strategy over α-stat strategy could not be observed when employing SCP.

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