Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2002. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 45-55).

This thesis is an investigation of the interactions of insulin resistance (IR), metabolic markers, neutrophil function, and reproductive health in peripartum dairy cows, including the evaluation of a hand-held glucometer for diagnosis of IR. The neutrophil functions of interest were oxidative burst and phagocytosis capacity, and reproductive diseases were endometritis and cervicitis. A total of 81 Holstein cows were enrolled 3 wk prior to expected calving date from November 2010 until October 2011, and were followed until 5 wk postpartum. Known markers of IR, neutrophil function, and disease were monitored through this period. The hand-held glucometer was identified as a useful alternative to laboratory measurements of glucose. Markers of IR influenced phagocytosis capacity and reproductive disease. High haptoglobin concentrations were associated with increased risk of reproductive disease and diminished oxidative burst function. Metabolically related inhibition of neutrophil function may be important in development of reproductive disease. / National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Ontario Graduate Scholarship Program

Submitted by Cláudia Bueno (claudiamoura18@gmail.com) on 2015-11-19T16:38:58Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Rodrigo Cesar Assis Caixeta - 2014.pdf: 3427166 bytes, checksum: 4e0cd6ad305c26afada6419c7fc8663c (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-11-20T13:08:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Rodrigo Cesar Assis Caixeta - 2014.pdf: 3427166 bytes, checksum: 4e0cd6ad305c26afada6419c7fc8663c (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-20T13:08:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Rodrigo Cesar Assis Caixeta - 2014.pdf: 3427166 bytes, checksum: 4e0cd6ad305c26afada6419c7fc8663c (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / HPV, BV and CI are common conditions in adolescents and young women. Studies have reported that BV and CI can be cofactors for the acquisition and persistence of HPV, enabling the development of cytological abnormalities precursor of cervical cancer. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of HPV, BV and IC in adolescents and young women and to verify that these conditions are associated with the detection of cytological abnormalities in cervical smears in adolescents and young women. Were included samples of sexually active patients and users of the Unified Health System (SUS) who underwent cervical screening by the conventional method. The cervical specimens were analyzed at the Center for Clinical Analysis Rômulo Rocha, Faculty of Pharmacy/UFG, by qualified professionals following strict quality control. The detection of HPV-DNA was made by PCR using pools of primers PGMY09/PGMY11. The diagnosis of BV was established from the observation of the presence of 20% or more of clue cells in cervical smears. The IC was assessed by counting the number of leukocytes in cervical smears in five noncontiguous with increased microscopic fields 1000X average, according Castle et al. (2001). Statistical analyzes with hierarchical logistic and control of confounding variables regression model were performed. The magnitude of association was estimated by calculating the odds ratio (OR) with confidence intervals (CI*) of 95%. 251 samples were included, with 54,9% (138/251) of adolescents aged between 15 and 19 years and 45,1% (113/251) of young women aged between 20 and 25 years. Positive results for cytological abnormalities accounted for 9,5% (24/251) of all cervical smears. The diagnosis of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance - ASCUS) (50,0% 12/24) and squamous intraepithelial lesions (low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion - LSIL) (29,1 % 7/24) were more frequent. The overall prevalence of HPV, BV, and CI 44,2% (111/251), 41,0% (103/251) and 83,2% (209/251), respectively. Of the variables investigated, VB (OR = 2,46 CI*: 1,26 to 3,80; p: 0,006) and the detection of abnormal cytological diagnosis (OR = 1.36 CI*: 1.07 to 1.74; p: 0.013) were associated with HPV positivity in multivariate analysis. Whereas the detection of cytological abnormalities there was a significant association with HPV and BV detected in the same patient (OR = 2,59 CI*: 1,09 to 6,20; p: 0,032) and for the detection of HPV, BV and CI together (OR = 3,58 CI*: 1,06 to 12,15; p: 0,040), however, they didn’t remain independently associated in bivariate analysis. BV and cytological abnormalities were independently associated with HPV infection in adolescents and young women. HPV, BV and CI in cervical smears can indicate high possibility to detect cytological abnormalities in adolescents and young women. / HPV, VB e IC são condições frequentes em adolescentes e mulheres jovens. Estudos têm relatado que VB e IC podem ser cofatores para a aquisição e persistência do HPV, possibilitando o desenvolvimento de anormalidades citológicas precursoras do câncer do colo uterino. Assim, o objetivo desse estudo foi estimar a prevalência de HPV, VB e IC em adolescentes e mulheres jovens e verificar se estas condições estão associadas à detecção de anormalidades citológicas em esfregaços cervicais em adolescentes e mulheres. Foram incluídas amostras de pacientes sexualmente ativas e usuárias do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) que realizaram exame citopatológico através do método convencional. Os esfregaços cervicais foram analisados no Centro de Análises Clínicas Rômulo Rocha, da Faculdade de Farmácia/UFG, por profissionais qualificados e seguindo rigoroso controle de qualidade. A detecção de DNA do HPV foi feita por PCR, utilizando os pools de primers PGMY09/PGMY11. O diagnóstico de VB foi realizado a partir da observação da presença de 20% de células indicadoras nos esfregaços cervicais. A IC foi avaliada através da média da contagem do número de leucócitos nos esfregaços cervicais, em cinco campos microscópicos não adjacentes com aumento de 1000X, segundo Castle et al. (2001). Foram realizadas análises estatísticas com modelo de regressão logística hierárquica e controle de variáveis de confusão. A magnitude de associação foi estimada através do cálculo de odds ratio (OR) com intervalos de confiança (IC*) de 95%. Foram incluídas 251 amostras, sendo 54,9% (138/251) de adolescentes com faixa etária entre 15 e 19 anos e 45,1% (113/251) de mulheres jovens com idades entre 20 e 25 anos. Resultados positivos para anormalidades citológicas representaram 9,5% (24/251) do total de esfregaços cervicais. Os diagnósticos de células escamosas atípicas de significado indeterminado (Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance – ASC-US) (50,0% 12/24) e lesão intraepitelial escamosa de baixo grau (Low grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion - LSIL) (29,1% 7/24) foram mais frequentes. As prevalências totais de HPV, VB e IC foram de 44,2% (111/251), 41,0% (103/251) e 83,2% (209/251), respectivamente. Das variáveis investigadas, VB (OR = 2,46 IC*: 1,26-3,80, p: 0,006) e a detecção de diagnóstico citológico anormal (OR = 1,36 IC*: 1,07-1,74, p: 0,013) foram associadas com a positividade para HPV pela análise multivariada. Considerando a detecção de anormalidades citológicas, houve uma associação significativa com o HPV e VB detectado no mesmo paciente (OR = 2,59 IC*: 1,09-6,20, p: 0,032), bem como para a detecção de HPV, VB e IC em conjunto (OR = 3,58 IC*: 1,06-12,15, p: 0,040), no entanto, eles não permaneceram independentemente associadas na análise bivariada. VB e esfregaço cervical anormal foram independentemente associados a infecção por HPV em adolescentes e mulheres jovens. HPV, VB e IC em esfregaços cervicais pode indicar uma maior possibilidade de detectar anormalidades citológicas em adolescentes e mulheres jovens.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Linköping : Univ., 2004. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

O cÃncer do colo do Ãtero à um dos mais preocupantes problemas de saÃde pÃblica do planeta. SÃo esperados para 2013, no Brasil, 17.540 casos novos. Acredita-se atualmente que a maior parte dos cÃnceres cervicais se desenvolve a partir das neoplasias intraepiteliais cervicais. A aquisiÃÃo de propriedades invasivas dos tumores malignos està associada ao desequilÃbrio nas adesÃes intercelulares. As molÃculas de adesÃo tÃm papel fundamental nestas uniÃes e a caderina-E à uma das mais importantes. Està comprovada a sua presenÃa na membrana celular de tecidos epiteliais normais e foi demonstrado que esta proteÃna tem sua expressÃo diminuÃda na maioria dos tumores sÃlidos, o que favorece o processo de invasÃo. O objetivo, neste estudo, foi investigar a imunoexpressÃo da caderina-E nas Cervicites, nas LesÃes Intraepiteliais Escamosas (LIE) e no Carcinoma Invasivo do colo uterino. A amostra consistiu de 83 casos de biÃpsias e cones de colo do Ãtero obtidos dos arquivos do Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal da Universidade Federal do CearÃ, em 2007 e 2010, com os seguintes diagnÃsticos: Cervicite = 8 casos; LesÃo Intraepitelial Escamosa de Baixo Grau (LIEBG) = 24 casos; LesÃo Intraepitelial Escamosa de Alto Grau (LIEAG) = 28 casos; Carcinoma Invasor = 23 casos. A imunohistoquÃmica (IHQ) foi efetuada com o anticorpo monoclonal anti-caderina-E, tendo sido considerada positiva a presenÃa de expressÃo membranar, e negativa, a ausÃncia de expressÃo. O teste exato de Fisher foi utilizado para os cÃlculos das tabelas de contingencias. Os resultados da imunomarcaÃÃo foram: Cervicites = 1/8 (12%) negativos e 7/8 (88%) casos positivos para caderina-E; LIEBG = 7/24 (29%) casos negativos e 17/24 (71%) positivos; LIEAG = 7/28 (25%) negativos e 21/28 (75%) positivos; Carcinoma Invasor = 19/23 (83%) negativos e 4/23 (17%) positivos. A expressÃo negativa foi muito mais frequente nas LIEs (27%), comparadas com as Cervicites (12%) apesar de diferenÃa nÃo significante (p = 0,6657). Nas LIEs, uma maior perda da caderina-E foi notada nas cÃlulas menos diferenciadas do 1/3 basal da espessura epitelial. Finalmente, observou-se que a ausÃncia de expressÃo membranar da caderina-E foi muito mais frequente no carcinoma epidermÃide invasor do que nas lesÃes intraepiteliais escamosas do colo do Ãtero. Estes dados mostraram a importÃncia da caderina-E na carcinogÃnese do colo uterino, no entanto, muitos aspectos permanecem sem explicaÃÃo e novos estudos sÃo necessÃrios. / Cervical cancer is one of the most important public health problems around the world. About 17.540 new cases are expected, in Brazil, for 2013. Actually, itâs believed that the majority of cervical cancers begin with non invasive dysplastic lesions, the cervical intraepithelial neoplasias. The acquisition of invasive properties, in epithelial malignancies, is associated to the disruption of intercellular adhesions. The adhesion molecules play a pivotal role in these intercellular bindings and E-cadherin is considered one of the most important among them. In normal epithelial tissues its presence in cell membrane is recognized and it was shown that a down regulation of these proteins in the majority of solid tumors may contribute to facilitate the invasive process. The aim, of this research, was to investigate the E-cadherin immunoexpression in cervicitis, in SILs and in the invasive carcinomas of the uterine cervix. Samples specimens consisted of 83 cases of uterine cervical biopsies and conizations retrieved from the Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine files of the Federal University of Cearà (Brazil) in 2007 and 2010, distributed, by diagnostic, as follows: Cervicitis = 8 cases; Low Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (LSIL) = 24 cases; High Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (HSIL) = 28 cases; and Invasive Carcinoma = 23 cases. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed with the anti-E-cadherin monoclonal antibody and it was considered positive the membranar expression, and, negative, the absence of membranar expression. The Fisherâs exact test was the choice for the contingency tables calculations. The immunostaining results were: Cervicitis = (12%) negative and 7/8 (88%) positive cases to E-cadherin; LSILs = 7/24 (29%) negative cases and 17/24 (71%) positive; HSILs = 7/28 (25%) negative and 21/28 (75%) positive; Invasive Carcinoma = 19/23 (83%) negative and 4/23 (17%) positive. The negative expression was much more frequent in SILs (27%) when compared to cervicitis (12%), although no significant difference (p = 0,6657). In SILs, a bigger E-cadherin loss was noted in undifferentiated cells at the basal third of epithelial thickness. Finally it was shown that the absence of E-cadherin membranar expression was much more frequent in the uterine cervix invasive carcinoma when compared to LSILs and HSILs. These data showed the E-cadherin importance in cervical carcinogenesis, nonetheless, several aspects remain without explication and new researches are to be performed.