Les acides gras libres et liés, comprenant les acides monocarboxyliques saturés et insaturés, les acides dicarboxyliques, les (α, β, ω, et ω-1) hydroxyacides et les acides phénoliques, ont été analysés le long d'une carotte sédimentaire de Cadagno (Suisse) dans le but de déterminer les variations des sources et des conditions de déposition de la matière organique en fonction de la profondeur. Les résultats montent que des événements épisodiques tels que les avalanches, glissements de terrains, crues torrentielles, sont plus fréquents entre 0 et 51 cm. Par contre, entre 51 et 245 cm, la sédimentation était plus calme, faible et caractérisée par une contribution plus élevée de la matière organique des plantes supérieures. L'étude microscopique de la matière organique confirme aussi ces résultats. Des acides gras branchés iso- et anteiso- ayant un nombre d'atomes de carbone entre C21 et C29 non mentionnés dans la littérature géochimique jusqu'à présent, ont été détectés dans les fractions liées. Ils proviennent probablement des bactéries spécifiques à ce lac. Finalement, il a été démontré que la source des α- et β-hydroxyacides sédimentaires ayant un nombre d'atomes de carbone < c10 est la même que celles de leurs homologues supérieurs, c.à.d., les bactéries gram-négatives.

The self-calibration method, a new interferometric technique using measurements in the K′-band (2.1 μm) at the CHARA Array, has been used to derive orbits for several spectroscopic binaries. This method uses the wide component of a hierarchical triple system to calibrate visibility measurements of the triple’s close binary system through quasi-simultaneous observations of the separated fringe packets of both. Prior to the onset of this project, the reduction of separated fringe packet data had never included the goal of deriving visibilities for both fringe packets, so new data reduction software has been written. Visibilities obtained with separated fringe packet data for the target close binary are run through both Monte Carlo simulations and grid search programs in order to determine the best-fit orbital elements of the close binary. Several targets, with spectral types ranging from O to G and luminosity classesfrom III to V, have been observed in this fashion, and orbits have been derived for the close binaries of eight targets (V819 Her B, Kappa Peg B, Eta Vir A, Eta Ori Aab, 55 UMa A, 13 Ceti A, CHARA 96 Ab, HD 129132 Aa). The derivation of an orbit has allowed for the calculation of the masses of the components in these systems. The magnitude differences between the components can also be derived, provided that the components of the close binary have a magnitude difference of Delta K < 2.5 (CHARA’s limit). Derivation of the orbit also allows for the calculation of the mutual inclination (Phi), which is the angle between the planes of the wide and close orbits. According to data from the Multiple Star Catalog, there are 34 triple systems other than the 8 studied here for which the wide and close systems both have visual orbits. Early formation scenarios for multiple systems predict coplanarity (Phi < 15 degrees), but only 6 of these 42 systems are possibly coplanar. This tendency against coplanarity may suggest that the capture method of multiple system formation is more important than previously believed.

This thesis presents an engineering project measuring the effective wavelength of the CHARA Classic beam combiner on the CHARA Array. Knowing the actual effective wavelength of light observed is very important because that value is necessary for determining astrophysical parameters of stars. Currently, the value used for CHARA Classic data comes from a model of the system and is based on numbers published by the manufacturer of the filter; it is not derived from measurements done on the system directly. We use two data collection methods to observe standard stars of different spectral types and calculate the wavelength of light recorded by the instrument for each star. We find the best estimate of the effective wavelength for the CHARA Classic K′-band configuration to be 2.138±0.003μm, a 0.56% decrease from the previously adopted value of 2.150μm. Our result establishes the first estimate of the uncertainty in the effective wavelength.

No description available.

At maturity, spermatozoids of the green alga Chara vulgaris are biflagellated, contain little cytoplasm, and coil for approximately 2 1/4 gyres within the mother cell wall. The anterior of the cell contains an ovoid headpiece anchoring two slightly staggered basal bodies that are positioned above and directly in front of approximately 30 linearly arranged mitochondria. An elongated stellate pattern occupies the transition zone between the BBs and axonemes. Flagella emerge from the cell just in front of the nucleus and encircle the full length of the spermatozoid. The spline comprises a maximum of 38 microtubules surrounding the anterior mitochondria and gradually decreases posteriorly to a minimum of 11. The dense nucleus is narrow, cylindrical, and occupies the central revolution of the cell. Six starch-laden plastids and associated mitochondria are linearly arranged at the cell posterior. Phylogenetic analyses of charalean taxa and archegoniates based on spermatogenesis strongly support the order Charales, with Nitella as the sister group to Chara. Diagnostic features of Chara spermatozoids include absence of a lamellar strip and axonemes embedded in the cell for almost the entire length of the anterior mitochondria. Potential relationships among Charales, Coleochaetales and archegoniates are evaluated in regards to the probable course of evolution of streamlined biflagellated gametes.

This investigation examined the diet, growth, movement, population genetics, and possible consumption demands of an introduced blue catfish Ictalurus furcatus population in Lake Norman, North Carolina. Clupeids, Corbicula fluminea, and Chara were the predominant food items (percent stomach contents by weight) found in blue catfish, and varied by season, lake-region, and fish size-class. Lake Norman blue catfish grow at a slower rate than has been reported for other reservoir populations, with fair to poor body conditions (Wr<85) early in life, but improving with increases in length (Wr>95). Movements and home ranges of blue catfish in Lake Norman were extremely varied, but individual blue catfish did establish specific seasonal home ranges and exhibited site fidelity. A spawning area in the upper region of the lake was identified and data suggested that blue catfish may have segregated populations within Lake Norman. The Lake Norman blue catfish population exhibited relatively little genetic variability, and was genetically differentiated from populations from Santee-Cooper, SC, and Arkansas. Genetic diversity could have been limited by a population bottleneck at the founding of the population or in subsequent generations. A consumption model indicated that 5.0 kg/ha to 8.3 kg/ha of clupeid standing stock could be eaten annually by blue catfish in Lake Norman based on percent stomach contents by weight data, and 21 kg/ha to 42 kg/ha based on percent caloric contribution calculations. This may reduce the possible production of other game fish species, including the put-grow-take striped bass Morone saxatilis fishery. / Master of Science

Bibliography : leaves 197-209 / 210 leaves : ill ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Botany, 1991

"Adelaide, Dec. 1959." / Includes bibliographical references. / 1 v. (various pagings) : / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / The studies included in this thesis have been carried out since 1946 in the Department of Botany, University of Adelaide. The 25 papers, reprints from various journals, have been grouped in two sections; firstly those on intertidal ecology; secondly taxonomic studies (in order of publication). One paper on a freshwater Charophyte is also included. / Thesis (D.Sc.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Botany, 1959

Spatial heterogeneity in ecosystem metabolism may play a critical role in determining ecosystem functions. Variation in ecosystem metabolism between macrophyte patches in shallow wetlands at the extremes of freshwater habitats has not been investigated. We estimated ecosystem metabolism in mesocosms containing different macrophytes using 24-hour oxygen curves to test our hypotheses: (1) net aquatic production (NAP) during spring and summer would be similar among algal patches (metaphyton and Chara), (2) NAP in algal patches would be greater than patches dominated by the vascular plant Potamogeton foliosus, (3) heterotrophy and anaerobiosis would be greatest in patches dominated by Lemna, and (4) the pond would be autotrophic in the spring and fall but heterotrophic in the summer. We found that different patches generated differences in NAP but not always as we predicted. NAP was different among algal patches in the spring and summer, and only metaphyton was more heterotrophic than P. foliosus. In the summer Chara and Lemna patches were heterotrophic and metaphyton became autotrophic. As predicted, the pond was net autotrophic in the spring and heterotrophic in the summer with an absence of patchiness in fall attributed to the dominance of Lemna. This research suggests the importance of macrophyte patchiness in wetlands in determining patterns of ecosystem metabolism despite challenges in measuring 24 hour oxygen curves (e.g. oxygen supersaturation). Consequently, macrophyte traits may be important in determining spatial heterogeneity of ecosystem metabolism in shallow ponds.