Thesis (doctoral)--University of Göttingen. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references and index.

This study aims at providing upcoming and aspiring prose narrative narrators with information and skills of creating meaningful characters who would be able to convey the messages intended by the prose narrator or story teller. The discussion is centred on well-known folktale characters, techniques of creating characters used by narrators, the different kinds of characters found in folktales, the introduction of characters into the course of action, the roles of characters, the attributes of characters and their significance and characters with or without supernatural powers, nameless and faceless characters in folktales. Examples from existing folktales have been used to assist aspiring narrators in realizing the need to have skills and relevant information on how to create meaningful characters. Summaries of certain folktales have been provided for reference purposes. / Dr. J. Manyaka

Olu phando luza kugxila kuphononongo lobume bengqondo ephazamisekileyo yabalinganiswa, lujonga kananjalo izimo zabalinganiswa ngakumbi abatsha, indlela abacinga nabenza ngayo izinto. Olu phando luza kuphicotha obu bume bengqondo baba balinganiswa kusetyenziswa iincwadi zedrama ezilandelayo: uBuzani Kubawo, kaTamsanqa, uAmaza, kaQangule, uLiseza kutshona kaMbobo, u-Uthembisa noMakhaya kaMtywaku, Isikhwakhwa noBessie kaMtywaku kunye noNdiyekeni kaJongilanga. Olu thotho lweencwadi zedrama zikhethiweyo luza kusetyenziswa kwakhona ukubhentsisa ubungqondo-lukhuni lwababhali ekuzobeni abalinganiswa abatsha njengoongantweni nolwamvila lolu zobo kwindlela ulutsha oluziphethe ngayo. Olu phando lutshayelelwe ngesahluko sokuqala esiqulathe iingxaki zophando, iinjongo zophando, ukubaluleka kolu phando, okusele kubhaliwe ngophando olu, nalapho olu luza kwahluka khona. Isahluko sesibini sibonisa isithako sobuNzululwazi bume- ngqondo nezinye ezikhaphayo ezifana nenkcubeko apho kujongwa ukuba ingaba inkcubeko ayisetyenziswa na ngendlela ebangela ukuba abalinganiswa abatsha bazibone bekwimo emandla yoxinzelelo. Esi sithako senkcubeko sihambelana neso semo yokuziphatha apha kujongwa ukuba ingaba ukuziphatha kwaba balinganiswa batsha akuqhutywa yindlela uluntu olubabona ngayo bephenjelelwa nayindlela abazotywa ngayo ngababhali. Ezinye izithako ezikhapha esi sobume bengqondo seso sobudala apho kugxilwa kwindlela abajongelwa phantsi ngayo ngenxa yeminyaka yabo luluntu nabazali abaphela bebathathela izigqibo ezikhokelela kuxinzelelo nokuziphatha okungekuhle. Esokugqibela seso seOnomastiki apho kujongwa ukuba ingaba indlela abathiywe ngayo abalinganiswa ayinagalelo kusini na kwindlela oluziphethe ngayo ulutsha. Iimeko zoxinzelelo abazibhaqa bephantsi kwazo abatsha azibangelwa ngamagama abawanikiweyo na nekuye kulindeleke ukuba bawalandele ngenkani nokuba imeko ayivumi. Isahluko sesiThathu sakugxila kwizimo zabalinganiswa ze esesiNe sigxile kubalinganiswa nezigulo zengqondo.

Le ngxoxo iza kuthetha ngengcingane yokuchubeka. Phantsi kwengcingane yokuchubeka kuza kuthi kuxoxwe ngezi zinto ziladelayo: ukuchubeka lungileyo kunye nokuchubeka gwenxa, ubuso (imvakalelo), izaci zokuchubeka, ukuchubeka nesini kunye nokuchubeka namandla okanye igunya. Ezi zihloko zingaphantsi ziza kubonakaliswa phantsi kwecandelo lesibini ukuya kwelesine ze isahluko sesihlanu ibe sesokukuqukumbela. Ukuchubeka kufumaneka phantsi kwezifundo zesoshiyolingwistiki. Ingxoxo iza kuthi iqale icacise ngesoshiyolingwistiki. Ukuchubeka kuphuhla kakuhle xa isithethi sisebenzisa amagama entetho-ntshukumo anje ngokuncoma, ukuhlekisa, ukuxolisa njalo-njalo. Ingxoxo iza kuthi inabe nzulu ngengcingane yentetho-ntshukumo. Iza kuphinda ingene nzulu icacisa igama elinentshukumo ngalinye. Le ngxoxo ithi ijonge kwaye iphendule umbuzo othi ingaba ngoobani abachubekileyo kukho amadoda nabantu ababhinqileyo. Lo mbuzo uthi ukhokhelele ingxoxo ekuxoxeni ngesini. Ingcingane yesini iza kuthi isetyenziswe ekuphenduleni lo mbuzo kwaye iza kucaciswa nzulu. Kuyabonakala okokuba apha ekuchubekeni bakhona abantu abachubeka ngenxa yezizathu ezithile. Izizathu ezifana nokuthobela amagunya, ukoyika lo mntu athetha naye, ukuhlonipha njalo-njalo.

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The author's inaugural dissertation, Hamburg. / "Literaturverzeichnis": p. 7-14.

Long suspected of being frivolous, of cultivating bad taste and of encouraging its reader's chimerical daydreams, the novel, at least after Cervantes, curiously turned against itself in the name of the reality it was once accused of fleeing. In doing so, it changed radically, of course, since it separated itself from the old idealistic romances which it now named as its enemies; but it also remained, more discreetly perhaps, faithful to its origins, i.e. to the lies and illusions whose profound and secret necessity novelists have never ceased to reaffirm. / This dissertation is a meditation on the paradoxical foundation of the novel, which can be defined according to the classical theories of Rene Girard and Mikhail Bakhtin. The former, by assigning the novelist the task of revealing the "novelistic truth", insists on the critical function of the novel, and on the decisiveness of the change brought about by Cervantes; Bakhtin, by placing the character rather than the author at the heart of his reflexion, and by making dialogical "openness" to this character a positive value, subtly defends the necessity of the "romantic lie". / Girard and Bakhtin are both right, as the examples of the three novelists whose "poetics" are analyzed here in light of this paradox illustrate. Paul Valery, though not a novelist in the usual sense, is the creator of Mr Teste, a strange character who lives in perfect conformity with the requirements of the "novelistic truth", but whose life is inconceivable, which makes him a comic figure. Flaubert, enclosing himself in a kind of quiet lucidity, keeps his characters at a distance but still shows a sort of subtle sympathy for them. Finally Balzac, whose posture at first seems more romantic, is no less quiet and distant than Flaubert, albeit in a more discreet way. / These reading exercises, together with theoretical considerations inspired by Bergson's definition of the comic and Kundera's metaphoric definition of the novelist's work as the exploration of being, lead to the idea that the novel is subjected to contradictory requirements between which it does not propose a synthesis, except that of humour -- which is not truly one.

Why do people tell stories? Whether it be the oft repeated, endlessly varied fairy tales passed from one generation to the next, the carefully patterned and strictly worded epics of the ancients or tall-tales told around the kitchen table, people have been telling stories to themselves or others since the day someone uttered the first words ever heard on this planet. In the following essay story-telling is called narrativity and is discussed as a function of the desire to impose meaning on experience. The six stories of Drawing the Reader In are about story-telling and how people fail or succeed as story-tellers. Neither can be said to fully answer the question above, rather they elaborate on the possibilities of there being an answer.

Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Glasgow, 2008. / Ph.D. thesis submitted to the Department of English Literature, University of Glasgow, 2008. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.