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Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

La charge de travail est une notion classique, dont les premiers développements datent des années 1970. Au fil du temps, et à travers les évolutions juridiques, sociales et techniques, la notion se démocratise pour atteindre les sphères les plus proches du travail "réel". Les IRP, les intervenants, se préoccupent de plus en plus d'une charge qui pose problème. Les directions, quant à elles, font face à des obligations plus précises en termes de charge de travail, qui ne lui rendent pas toujours la tâche facile. Les principaux développements en termes de charge de travail s'attachent à une dissociation en dimensions physiologique, mentale, psychique… Mais cette ossature est-elle réellement adaptée aux besoins concrets de nos interventions ? Se focaliser sur l'un ou l'autre de ces aspects paraît alors limiter l'analyse. Nous préférons envisager la charge de travail dans sa dimension "intégrée", et favorisons une analyse de l'activité pour l'approcher. Cette approche nous permet de comprendre les procédés de régulation opérés par l'individu en situation de travail, synonymes d'absorption de la charge. La question du dispositif d'intervention demeure alors : quels outils, quelle démarche peut-on mobiliser pour atteindre ces procédés de régulation ? Le contexte de notre intervention, nous permet-il une totale liberté méthodologique ? Nous proposons une démarche d'analyse de la charge dans le cadre d'interventions juchées d'enjeux sociaux et politiques : l'expertise à destination des CHSCT. Ce type d'intervention apporte de nombreuses contraintes, notamment temporelle et dans la manipulation d'outils. La démarche que nous suggérons a été appliquée lors de l'investigation de 4 cas d'expertise tous issus du milieu bancaire (supports et commerciaux). L'objectif final a été de distinguer, pour chacun des cas, un modèle de gestion de la charge de travail par un opérateur selon les contraintes identifiées et les ressources qu’il mobilise / The workload is a classic notion that started emerging in the 1970s. Over time, and throughout legal, social, and technical evolutions, this notion is now democratising itself and is reaching the closest spheres of the "real" work. The staff representative bodies and the various actors care increasingly about a troublesome workload. As for management, they are facing more precise obligations in terms of workload, which sometimes makes things difficult for them.The main developments in terms of workload are committed to dissociating the physiological, psychological and mental dimensions… But is this framework really suitable for the concrete needs of our interventions? Focusing on one or the other aspect therefore seems to limit the analysis. We have therefore chosen to study the workload in its "integrated" dimension and we suggest approaching the subject through an analysis of the activity. This will enable us to understand the regulation processes used by the individual in a work situation, processes which enable workload absorption. The question of the intervention mechanism remains then : which tools, which approach can we use in order to reach these regulation processes? Does the context of our intervention allow us a complete methodological freedom? We suggest an analytical approach of the workload within the context of interventions strewn with very strong social and political issues : the Health and Safety Committee consultancy. This type of intervention comes with a lot of constraints, notably in terms of timeline and tools. The approach we are suggesting was used during 4 case-studies, all of them in the banking sector (support and sales).The final objective was to identify, for each of the 4 cases, a management model of an operator’s workload according to the identified constraints and the resources he mobilises

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The primary focus of this dissertation is the electrochemical preparation of radical cation salts utilizing the donor o-4,4’-dimethyltetrathiafulvalene (o-Me2TTF) and spherical, tetrahedral, octahedral, bimetallic, cyanometallate, and polyoxometallate anions. Other donors, such as tetramethyl(tetraselenafulvalene) (TMTSF), tetramethyl(tetrathiafulvalene) (TMTTF), bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene (BEDTTTF or ET), and bis(propylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene (BPDT-TTF or PT) also found use in the preparation of salts in the course of this study. X-ray structural characterization of these salts revealed stacking between donor molecules containing significant S•••S interactions in the solid state. Various salts were subjected to either conductivity or molecular magnetism measurements in order to determine the level of itinerant electron density and magnetic contribution from paramagnetic charge compensating anions. In order to expand the library of TTF-containing hybrid materials prepared through metathesis, salts of other tetrathiafulvalenium radicals have also been prepared and characterized crystallographically and by select spectroscopic methods. In an effort to gain further information on formation of organic charge transfer complexes, TTF was combined with nitrofluorenone family of acceptors as well as the organocyanide acceptors HAT-(CN)6 (HAT-(CN)6 = 1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazatriphenylenehexacarbonitrile) and TCNB (TCNB = 1,2,4,5-tetracyanobenzene). The complexes were characterized using X-ray crystallography, infrared spectroscopy, and molecular magnetism. All of these techniques showed that all compounds underwent little to no charge transfer. Commencing in 2003, the combined work of Dunbar and Omary revealed that systems combining inorganic donors with chelating, sulfur-based ligands and organic acceptors could have their spectroscopic response tuned to display low-energy charge transfer bands extending into the near-IR making them suitable candidates as photosensitizing dyes for semiconductors. In keeping with this idea, new layered charge transfer compounds combining the nitrofluorenone family of acceptors and the inorganic donor Pt(dbbpy)(tdt) (tdt = 3,4-toluenedithiolate) were prepared. The resulting complexes were characterized utilizing X-ray crystallography as well as both spectroscopic and electrochemical methods. Similar analyses were also conducted on various platinum/terpyridine salts and illustrated a level of spectroscopic tunability to that observed for the supramolcular systems composed of inorganic donors and organic acceptors.

In this thesis, we propose the analytical calculations of single layer organic light emitting diode (OLED) characteristics using a device model which includes charge injection, trap charge limited, recombination, and the effect background dopping. Meanwhile, we report the results of a theoretical and simulated study of carrier transport between Schottky (ohmic) and organic contact in organic emitting diodes . In this thesis, my model shows that in a doped organic material with ohmic contacts the current is ohmic at low voltage. If the ohmic contact at the cathode is replaced by an Schottky contact the current varies exponentially with the applied voltage V. The current changes to space charge limited current (SCLC) at high voltage. The voltage at which the change takes place depends on the dopant concentrations. In the SCLC regime the current varies according to well-known V2 law if there are no traps and the mobility is independent of the electric field. In this model, we attempt to capture the salient features of organic LEDs with the minimal numberof physical assumptions. The aim is to describle intrinsic properties of the organic materical with the simplest model and add complexity as needed.

Thèse de doctorat : Sciences physiques : Bordeaux 1 : 2008. / Titre provenant de l'écran-titre.

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