Self-excited chatter vibration in machining is one of the most important limitations on utilizing the increasing productivity of modern machine tools. In order to predict stable depth of cuts at high cutting speeds, the stability lobe diagram for a spindle-tool holder-tool combination must be developed. The frequency response function (FRF) of the system must be known for analytical prediction of the stability lobe diagrams. When the flexibility of the workpiece is important, the workpiece itself should be included in the system model by considering the variation of its dynamics at different stages of the machining process. In this thesis, an exact structural modification method is used to find the frequency response functions of the workpiece to be machined at every stage of the machining process. In order to obtain the system matrices and the modal parameters of the original structure, a commercial finite element program MSC. Marc&copy / is used. The frequency response functions of workpiece are calculated by using the computer program developed in this thesis, and are compared with the ones found by MSC. Marc&copy / . The stability lobe diagram of the system is obtained by combining the FRFs of the tool with those of the workpiece. The effects of the dynamic of the workpiece on the stability lobe diagrams are studied extensively by using the results of case studies presented in this thesis. In order to increase productivity, minimum chatter-free machining times are also calculated for different cases. For this purpose the effects of the different radial depth of cuts and different cutting strategies on the stability and the machining time are examined with various case studies.

The objective of this study is to develop and implement practical and accurate methods for prediction of the workpiece dynamics during a complete machining cycle of the workpiece, so that FRFs of the workpiece can be used in chatter stability analysis. For this purpose, a structural modification method is used since it is an efficient tool for updating FRFs due to structural modifications. The removed mass is considered as a structural modification to the finished workpiece in order to determine the FRFs at different stages of the process. The method is implemented in a computer code and demonstrated on representative parts such as turbine blades. The predictions are compared and verified with the data obtained using FEA. The FRFs are used in chatter stability analyses, and the effect of part dynamics on stability is studied.

Drilling is widely used in manufacturing of products which need holes, for example for fluid channels, screws or pins. Depending on application, workpiece material, cutting parameters and economic considerations, different types of drills are employed. Indexable insert drills are types of drills which facilitate inserts to make holes. These types of drills can make high pitch noises due to vibrations. The focus of this thesis is to investigate the mechanism behind these vibrations in order to help reducing the generated noise in the future designs. Primary investigations show that the main mechanism which results the mentioned noise is regenerative chatter vibrations due to axial and torsional flexibilities. There is a gap in modeling of chatter vibrations in indexable drills where loadings and geometries are asymmetrical and due to torsional vibrations, delay terms are variable. The first step of simulating regenerative chatter vibrations in the drill is to model static cutting forces in a reliable way. In this thesis, a model is proposed which is capable of predicting static cutting forces through segmentation of cutting edges. Since, using this model, forces can be calculated separately on each insert, it is possible to consider differences of inserts in estimationof the cutting loads. The obtained loads are used in the chatter simulation.A model is proposed to simulate chatter vibrations by considering axialand angular deflections and the coupling between them. The resulted model isa system of delay differential equations with variable delays. Variations in timedelays, tool jump-outs and backward motions of inserts have been included inthe proposed time-domain simulation. A set of experiments is conducted toverify the model.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-12T20:25:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Everton Ruggeri.pdf: 24321266 bytes, checksum: d9116328281ce8d4d01d557335e3d70b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-09 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In recent years, the study of chatter vibrations has been intensifying in the machining of materials, however, the analysis of chatter vibration has been conducted only for machining of ductile materials and few studies analyzing these vibrations in machining of brittle materials are found in the literature. The chatter vibrations in machining process can considerably compromise the workpiece surface finish, tool wear and in some cases provide severe damage to the machine-tool. Thus there is an imminent need to expand the theory of chatter vibrations for the class of brittle materials. To analyze the vibrations of the process and zones where the process is stable, and where it is unstable, the stability lobes diagram was used. This diagram is constructed in most cases for applications at high speed cutting. In this work, the analysis of the stability lobe diagram was made for application at low cutting speed, where the phenomenon of damping arises. The damping is a crucial factor in the process, it increases system stability. The phenomenon of damping was considered in the formulation of chatter vibrations using the indentation model of Wu. Apart from consideration of the damping effect, an analysis of dynamic stiffness on the mechanical system adopted was made by means of a simulation using the peak to peak method of passing of the tool in the workpiece. For experiments validations, the signals of force and acceleration were acquired and an analysis was conducted in time and frequency domain to identify where the vibrations emerged. The workpiece surface finish and RMS value of the signals were checked and compared with the stability conditions of the process. The results demonstrated perfectly the consequences that the chatter vibrations present in machining of grey cast iron and proved that the stability lobe diagram shows good results to detect the vibrations in machining of brittle materials, determining the areas where the material removal should be avoid. / Nos últimos anos, o estudo das vibrações regenerativas tem-se intensificando na usinagem de materiais, entretanto, a análise das vibrações regenerativas vem sendo conduzidas apenas para a usinagem de materiais dúcteis e poucos trabalhos analisando essas vibrações na usinagem de materiais frágeis são encontrados na literatura. As vibrações regenerativas no processo de usinagem podem comprometer consideravelmente o acabamento superficial da peça, o desgaste da ferramenta e em alguns casos proporcionar danos severos à máquina-ferramenta. Por isso, há uma necessidade eminente de expandir a teoria das vibrações regenerativas para a classe de materiais frágeis. Para analisar as vibrações no processo e regiões onde se possui um corte estável e onde há um corte instável, foi utilizado o diagrama de lóbulos de estabilidade. Este diagrama é construído na grande maioria dos casos para aplicações em alta velocidade de corte. Neste trabalho, a análise do diagrama de lóbulos de estabilidade foi feita para ensaios em baixa velocidade de corte, onde o fenômeno de amortecimento surge. O amortecimento é um fator crucial no processo, pois aumenta a estabilidade do sistema. O fenômeno de amortecimento foi considerado na formulação das vibrações regenerativas utilizando o modelo de indentação de Wu. Além da consideração do amortecimento, uma análise da influência da rigidez no sistema mecânico adotado foi realizada por uma simulação utilizando o método pico a pico, da passagem da ferramenta no corpo de prova. Para validação dos experimentos realizados, os sinais de força e de aceleração foram adquiridos e uma análise foi conduzida no domínio do tempo e no domínio da frequência para identificar onde as vibrações surgiram. O acabamento superficial da peça e valor RMS dos sinais também foram verificados e comparados com as condições de estabilidade do processo. Os resultados demonstraram perfeitamente as consequências que as vibrações regenerativas apresentam na usinagem do ferro fundido cinzento e comprovam que o diagrama de lóbulos de estabilidade mostra bons resultados para identificação das vibrações na usinagem de materiais frágeis, determinando as zonas onde se deve evitar a remoção de material.