Th. Ph. D.--English--Emory university, 1992.

Thesis advisor: John F. Baldovin / This dissertation argues that the eucharistic theology found in Thomas Aquinas's Summa Theologiae is not a Christocentric, static, hierarchical economy of grace production. Rather, it is a deeply Trinitarian, dynamic, communal drama of graced participation. Based on Aquinas's insistence that grace is a participation in the Divine Nature that is signified by the sacraments, I turn to the Secunda Pars in order to explicate the relationship between grace and human action that is presupposed in the sacramentology of the Tertia Pars. Insofar as the res tantum of the Eucharist is the unity of the mystical body of Christ, special attention is given to the relationship between grace, theological virtue, and moral virtue. Through close examination of the process through which charity is said to increase in the subject, the unity of the mystical body is seen, not as a mystical state, but as a graced action that is simultaneously God's action (insofar as grace formally moves us through charity) and the Church's action (insofar as the moral virtues dispose us to receive the presence of God as the extrinsic principle of our actions). The unity of the mystical body of Christ is, then, rightly called the grace of the Eucharist because the spiritual life affected by the Eucharist is the active presence of charity in the Church. The result of the Eucharist is the Church's participation in the Divine Nature. This project aims at providing a grammar that allows for fruitful dialogue in modern sacramental theology. Within Catholic Eucharistic theology, the scholastic language of metaphysics is regularly given place of privilege to such an extent as to view other grammars of the Eucharist with suspicion. This dissertation provides a Thomistic grammar of the Eucharist that largely avoids the traditional scholastic grammars. It is the hope that such retrieval is a catalyst for constructive dialogue between modern grammars (of all denominations) and traditional scholastic grammars. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2015. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Theology.

Thesis advisor: Frederick G. Lawrence / This dissertation offers a critical response to the fundamental sacramental theology of Louis-Marie Chauvet drawing on the works of Bernard Lonergan. Chauvet has articulated a significant critique of the western theological tradition's use of metaphysics, especially in interpreting doctrines relating to the presence of Christ in the Eucharist, liturgical sacrifice, and sacramental causality. Chauvet's criticisms raise questions about what philosophical tools allow theologians to develop a fruitful analogical understanding of the mysteries communicated in the sacraments. This dissertation responds to Chauvet's challenge to theology to adopt a new foundation in the symbolic by turning to the derived, critical metaphysics of Bernard Lonergan. The dissertation argues that Lonergan's critical metaphysics can help theologians to develop fruitful understandings of doctrines relating to Eucharistic presence, liturgical sacrifice, and sacramental causality. In addition Lonergan's categories of meaning offer resources for interpreting sacramental doctrines on the level of the time, while maintaining the genuine achievements of the past. Chapter one presents a survey of some recent Catholic Eucharistic theologies in order to provide a context for our investigation. Here we identify existentialist-phenomenological, postmodern, and neo-traditionalist approaches to Eucharistic doctrines. Chapters two, three, and four present a dialectical comparison of Chauvet and Lonergan on metaphysics as it pertains to Eucharistic theology specifically. Chapter two examines Chauvet's postmodern critique of metaphysical foundations of scholastic Eucharistic theology. Our particular concern will be with Chauvet's methods, especially whether his appropriation of the Heideggerian critique of scholastic theology offers an accurate account of Thomas Aquinas, and whether it offers a fruitful way forward in Eucharistic theology. Chapter three explores Lonergan's foundations for metaphysics in cognitional theory and epistemology. Lonergan's critical groundwork in cognitional theory attends to the problems of bias and the polymorphism of human consciousness that lead to a heuristic metaphysics rather than a tidy conceptual system. Chapter four explicates Lonergan's heuristic metaphysics and articulates the elements of metaphysics that enable an understanding of the general category of causality in critical realist metaphysics. Chapter five explores Lonergan's foundations for theological reflection paying particular attention to the importance of intellectual conversion before going on to survey Lonergan's categories of meaning. Chapter six engages the task of systematic theology and proposes an understanding of Eucharistic doctrines grounded in Lonergan's critical realist philosophy and transposed into categories of meaning. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2010. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Theology.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Massachusetts Amherst, 2008. / Includes .doc file (355 KB) of a translation of Marie Vieux-Chauvet's novel Les Rapaces (1984) by Carolyn Shread. Includes bibliographical references (p. 70-82).

Thesis advisor: John Baldovin / Traditionally, Church teaching has examined the Eucharist in metaphysical terms (‘what is it?’: substance, presence, and causality) and its liturgical celebration as a sacrifice (a re-presentation of Christ’s self-sacrifice on the cross). Prompted by Vatican II’s exhortation to the faithful for ‘full, conscious, active participation’ in the liturgy (cf. Sacrosanctum Concilium 14, 27, 30), this dissertation re-interprets the Eucharistic liturgy and participants’ role in it through the root metaphor of gift: a gift of desire, which impacts participants’ desires, relationships, and selfhood. It proposes a ‘relational approach’ to the Eucharist by asking: What is going on ‘relationally’ in the Eucharistic celebration? How might the Eucharist impact our desire, relations, identity? How does or ought the liturgy of the Eucharist concern relationships between the participants and others? What specifically does the Church celebrate in its liturgy of the Eucharist? Louis-Marie Chauvet’s ‘symbolic exchange’ model of the Eucharistic Prayer, when put in conversation with both Jean-Luc Marion’s phenomenology of gift and René Girard’s mimetic theory, yields an understanding of the Eucharist as God’s gracious and scandalous gift of divine desire. The gift is gracious as an embodied expression of divine love, and also scandalous as it challenges recipients’ autonomy with a radical call to charity demanding an existential response. This dissertation upholds Christ’s self-gift as the ultimate decision to love in a perfect reversal of sacrificial violence, which Christians are called to imitate. It emphasizes the liturgy’s structure as a dynamic event of being encountered by God’s gift of himself and reception of this gift through particular responses. This understanding aims to re-appropriate traditional Catholic teaching on the Eucharist in more contemporary terms. It aims to explain how ‘fully conscious and active participation’ in the sacred mysteries occurs, that liturgy and life may be more richly interrelated. / Thesis (STD) — Boston College, 2019. / Submitted to: Boston College. School of Theology and Ministry. / Discipline: Sacred Theology.

Cette recherche s’inscrit dans le vaste champ de l’Anthropologie des vins "nature", la réhabilitation du sensiblepar Christelle Pineaue. Elle vise spécifiquement les domaines des techniques et des savoirs, ainsi que celui du sensoriel, (l’analyse croisée de ces deux univers permettant de saisir les systèmes de représentation sous les angles à la fois pragmatique et perceptif.). Un courant émergeant prend place dans le paysage vitivinicole - en France notamment : celui de professionnels s’engageant dans la production et la diffusion de vins biologiques, biodynamiques, naturels (certains ayant réalisé leur révolution « culturale », d’autres ayant bifurqué professionnellement). Dans ces trois démarches, différents degrés d’investissement existent, et les pratiques peuvent s’interpénétrer, conduisant à un corpus d’actions et de références syncrétiques, d’où la difficulté, pour les non-initiés, à définir ces vins dits « libres » et hors norme. Néanmoins tous ces vignerons conservent une base de rhétorique commune, fondée sur le mythe du retour à la « nature » (plus exactement à un milieu au sein duquel tous les êtres vivants sont en interrelation), au nom d’une certaine moralité à son égard. Les questions de santé publique et de préservation de la pluralité des saveurs et des cépages les animent tout autant. Ils entendent mettre au jour des produits « nus » et limitent leurs actions directes sur la nature (action indirecte négative, Haudricourt - 1962), à l’heure de l’Anthropocène (Bonneuil-Fressoz - 2013). Les intrants chimiques de synthèse, alliés objectifs de la majorité des producteurs de vin aujourd’hui dans le monde, ont chez les "natures", le statut d’ennemi. Aux vins "conventionnels" corsetés par la technique et une certaine idée du progrès, s’opposent des vins qualifiés de vivants, difficiles à apprivoiser. La description de la praxis basée sur des savoir-faire anciens met en lumière un réseau à la fois homogène et hétéroclite, dans lequel chacun travaille sa propre voie. Dans le même temps, ces vignerons adoptent une posture de chercheur, au travers d’expérimentations qui peuvent emprunter à des modèles de pensée en apparence opposés, auprès de Rudolf Steiner (fondateur de l’anthroposophie et de la biodynamie) aussi bien que de Jules Chauvet (auteur de travaux scientifiques en chimie et microbiologie), deux figures tutélaires. Ce désir de dialogue avec le milieu se comprend comme une demande de sens dans un univers de vivants privés de sensibilité après que l’ère cartésienne a pris l’avantage dans les différentes façons de se représenter le monde. La vision naturaliste qui marque nos sociétés (Descola - 2005) induit une scission entre le moi et la « nature », elle a de fait contribué à repousser les rôles et les frontières du sensible. Le sujet moderne a ainsi été coupé de son milieu (Berque - 2000, 2010). Ces vignerons tentent de remédier à cette situation par le biais d’un dialogue ininterrompu entre les deux pôles, intelligible et sensible. / This research belongs to the vast field of the anthropology of nature. It specifically targets techniques and knowledge, as well as sensory perception. The joint analysis of these spheres enables an understanding of the ways they are represented both from a practical and perceptional angle. A new movement is establishing itself in the field of wine production, in particular in France, as producers move towards the production and distribution of organic, biodynamic and natural wines, either as a result of a ‘cultural’ revolution or professional reconversion. These three approaches are applied to varying degrees and may be used in conjunction with one another, resulting in a syncretic body of reference and actions, which makes it difficult for non-specialists to define these wines, described as ‘free’ and unconventional. Nevertheless, these wine producers all refer to their approach in the same way, based on the idea of a return to ‘nature’, (that is to say, an environment in which all living beings are interconnected) and a particular form of moral respect for that nature. They are equally inspired by public health issues and a concern for the preservation of a diversity of flavours and grape varieties. They aim to highlight the use of ‘raw’ produce and restrict direct action on the natural environment (action indirecte negative, Haudricourt – 1962) in the Anthropocene era (Bonneuil-Fressoz – 2013). Synthetic chemical inputs, the logical allies of the majority of wine producers, are perceived as enemies by the ‘naturals’. ‘Conventional’ wines, restricted by technique and a certain idea of progress, contrast with wines described as alive and difficult to control. The description of usage based on traditional skills reveals both a collective and composite network within which all tread their own path. Simultaneously, these wine producers assume the role of researchers, through experimentation with ways of thinking which may seem contradictory, inspired by figureheads Rudolf Steiner (the founder of anthroposophy and biodynamic agriculture) and Jules Chauvet (the author of scientific works on chemistry and microbiology). This desire to communicate with the “natural” world may be interpreted as a search for meaning in a world of sentient beings deprived of their sensitivity since the Cartesian age came to dominate the ways in which the world is represented. The naturalist vision which characterizes our societies (Descola – 2005) creates a divide between the self and ‘nature’ and, in doing so, pushes back the boundaries of sensitivity. The modern subject has thus been disconnected from the milieu (Berque – 1987, 2010). These wine producers seek to resolve this situation through a constant dialogue between the two opposites, the intellectual and the sensible .

Tesi--Roma--Pontificia universitas Gregoriana, 2005. / Bibliogr. p. 253-268.

La Paléogénétique a pour but l’analyse de l’ADN de pièces archéologiques, et le renouveau de cette discipline tend à intégrer une dimension génomique par le séquençage massif des spécimens les mieux préservés. Les grottes, dont la température reste fraîche et constante, permettent la conservation de l’ADN. Nous avons analysé des échantillons du Pléistocène conservés dans des grottes, dont un site archéologique majeur, la Grotte Chauvet. L’étude a porté sur deux espèces, l’ours des cavernes, Ursus spelaeus et l’hyène des cavernes, Crocuta crocuta spelaea.À partir d’un échantillon particulièrement bien conservé de la Grotte Chauvet, nous avons séquencé le génome mitochondrial de l’ours des cavernes et établi la phylogénie de cette espèce éteinte. Nous avons montré que l’ours des cavernes est une espèce proche des ours bruns et polaires dont elle s’est séparée il y a 1,6 million d’années. Nous avons ensuite analysé la région de contrôle mitochondrial de plusieurs spécimens des Grottes Chauvet et des Deux-Ouvertures datés de 28 000 à 32 000 ans. La forte homogénéité génétique de cette population ardéchoise pourrait être corrélée à la disparition régionale de l’espèce.Enfin, nous avons réalisé l’analyse génomique de coprolithes d’hyène des cavernes. Nous avons mis en évidence des quantités importantes d’ADN nucléaire et mitochondrial dans les coprolithes et reconstitué le premier génome mitochondrial complet d’hyène des cavernes. La présence d’ADN de cerf élaphe, Cervus elaphus, nous permet de décrire une relation proie-prédateur du Pléistocène. / Palaeogenetics aims at analysing DNA from archaeological remains. New genetic sequencing technologies revitalize the discipline through genomic analysis. Because of cool and constant temperature, cave sites allow the preservation of ancient DNA. We carried out DNA analysis of Pleistocene specimens originating from cave sites, especially the Chauvet cave. We studied samples from two extinct species, the cave bear, Ursus spelaeus, and the cave hyena, Crocuta crocuta spelaea.Using a well-preserved sample from Chauvet cave, we characterized the 16,810 bp-long mitochondrial genome of the extinct cave bear, and established its phylogeny. We were able to ascertain that the cave bear is a sister-species to the brown and polar bears, and that the two lineages split about 1.6 million years ago. We also sequenced mitochondrial control region fragments of Chauvet and Deux-Ouvertures cave bear samples. These Ardèche bear specimens, dated back to 28,000-32,000 years BP, display strong genetic homogeneity that may be related to the imminent species extinction.Finally, we analysed cave hyena coprolites from the Coumère Cave by metagenomic DNA sequencing. As these fossilized feces still contain a high amount of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, we were able to decipher the first complete mitochondrial genome for the cave hyena. We found DNA from the red deer, Cervus elaphus, thus depicting a Pleistocene predator-prey relationship.

En 1994, la découverte de la grotte Chauvet-Pont d'Arc (Ardèche, France) révéla des marquesthermiques, d'origine anthropique, uniques au monde. Elles sont les témoins de feux préhistoriqueseffectués dans la partie profonde de la cavité. La datation par thermoluminescence des chauffes estcohérente avec la première période de fréquentation humaine il y a entre 37 000 et 33 500 ans. Lesarchéologues ont identifié deux types de thermo-altérations : des changements de couleur et desécaillages. Les changements de couleur résultent de réactions chimiques s'opérant à hautetempérature dans le calcaire, rendant la roche rouge ou grise. Des essais ex situ ont montré que lacouleur rouge survient après une chauffe de 10 minutes à 250oC tandis qu'une température minimumde 350oC est nécessaire pour la couleur grise. Le phénomène d'écaillage provient de fortes contraintesmécaniques dans la roche causées par la dilatation thermique et des processus thermo-hydriques. Deplus, des particules de suie recouvrent encore une partie des parois dans les zones altérées. À partirde ces indices, l'objectif de la thèse est de caractériser les feux de la Galerie des Mégacéros qui sesitue dans la partie profonde de la grotte. L'estimation des quantités de bois, du nombre de feux etde la capacité à alimenter les foyers pourrait aider les archéologues à faire des hypothèses sur lafonction de ces feux.Pour des raisons de conservation, seule la simulation peut reproduire des feux dans la géométrie de lagrotte sans nécessiter sa reconstitution. Cette étude consiste à construire une modélisation numériquede feux confinés et des impacts thermiques résultants. Un couplage fluide-structure est donc développéà partir de deux logiciels open source : OpenFOAM et Cast3m. Le premier effectue la simulation descénarios de feux grâce au module FireFOAM. Le second réalise les calculs thermo-mécaniques dansle massif. Afin d'étendre le champ d'application initial de FireFOAM, des modèles numériques ontété implémentés dans le code. Ceux-ci concernent le dépôt de suie, l'évaluation des risques, lacorrection des mesures par thermocouple et une condition limite en température. De plus, quelquesexigences de modélisation améliorant la qualité des résultats sont détaillées dans le manuscrit. Lemodèle ainsi développé est validé sur des feux expérimentaux exécutés dans une ancienne carrière decalcaire dont les dimensions sont proches de celles de la Galerie des Mégacéros. Du pin sylvestre, quicorrespond à l'essence dont sont issus les échantillons de charbon analysés de la grotte, est utilisécomme combustible. La combustion aboutit à des thermo-altérations analogues à celles observéesdans la grotte Chauvet-Pont d'Arc. Des écaillages et des changements de couleur se sont produits auplafond et aux parois de la carrière. La comparaison avec la simulation est effectuée à partir desmesures de températures, de vitesses ainsi que de concentrations de gaz et de particules.Le modèle numérique est ensuite appliqué à la simulation de feux dans la géométrie de la Galerie desMégacéros. Toutes les zones altérées de cette galerie sont traitées et les scénarios qui ont pu se produiresont précisés. Ces travaux fournissent ainsi une vue d'ensemble de la localisation et de l'intensité desfeux dans cette partie de la grotte. De plus, l'adéquation avec les conditions de vie est indiquée pourles feux les plus puissants. Ces informations pourraient aider les archéologues dans la compréhensiondes fonctions de ces feux. / In 1994, the discovery of the Chauvet-Pont d'Arc cave (Ardèche, France) revealed singularanthropogenic thermal marks on walls. They are the witnesses of high intensity prehistorical firescarried out deep in the cavity. The thermoluminescence evaluation of the heating ages is consistentwith the earlier period of human occupation between 37,000 and 33,500 years ago. The archaeologistsidentified two kinds of thermo-alterations : colour changes and spallings. The colour changes resultfrom high-temperature chemical reactions in limestone, turning rock red or grey. Ex situ tests showedthat red colour happens after heating at 250oC for ten minutes while at least 350oC is necessary forgrey. Spalling stems from high stresses in rock due to restrained thermal expansion and thermohydricprocesses. In addition, part of the walls near thermo-altérations is still covered with soot. From theseclues, this investigation aims to characterize the fires of the Megaloceros Gallery which is located inthe deep part of the cave. Estimating the amounts of wood, the fires number and the ability tosupply the hearths could help make assumptions about the function of these fires.For the sake of conservation, only simulation can reproduce fires in the cave geometry withoutrequiring any reconstruction. This study is to set up a numerical modelling of fires in confinedgeometries and the induced thermal impacts on walls. A fluid-structure coupling is then developedfrom two free open source codes : OpenFOAM and Cast3m. The former manages the simulation offire scenarios through the FireFOAM tool. The latter handles the thermo-mechanical calculations inthe rock mass. To extend the initial scope of FireFOAM, some numerical models have beenimplemented in the code. This relates to soot deposit, danger assessment, thermocouple correctionand a thermal boundary condition. In addition, some modelling requirements improving the qualityof the results are detailed in the manuscript. The advanced model is then validated on experimentalfires in a former limestone quarry which has dimensions close to the Megaloceros Gallery ones. Thesame fuel (pinus sylvestris) as the one identified in the cave is burnt. The combustion led to similarthermo-alterations as those observed in the Chauvet-Pont d'Arc cave. Spallings and colour changesoccurred on the ceiling and walls of the quarry. The comparison with simulation is carried out thanksto the measurement of temperatures, velocities, soot deposits, gases and particles concentrations.The numerical model is then applied to the simulation of fires in the Megaloceros Gallery geometry.All the impacted areas of this gallery are considered and the scenarios that may have occurred arespecified. This investigation then provides an overview of the fires locations and intensities in thispart of the cave. Moreover, the compatibility with living conditions is indicated for the most powerfulfires. These information could help for archaeologists in the understanding of the functions of these fires.

Thesis (M.A.)--Florida State University, 2004. / Advisor: Dr. Antoine Spacagna, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Department of Modern Languages and Linguistics. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed June 16, 2004). Includes bibliographical references.