O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar dietas com ou sem adição de farinha de carne e ossos e diferentes fontes de suplementação de ferro (Fe) em dietas para matrizes de corte. Sessenta matrizes de corte Cobb, 22 semanas de idade, foram alojadas individualmente em gaiolas e alimentadas com uma dieta (15,6% PB, 2.840 kcal EM /kg, 3,2% Ca, 0,45% de fósforo disponível) sem suplementação de Fe por 84 dias. As aves foram aleatoriamente divididas em 6 tratamentos em um fatorial de 2 dietas (Vegetal e Animal) e 3 fontes de Fe (Sem, Inorgânico e Complexado). As dietas tiveram mesmo perfil nutricional com exceção do Fe. A dieta Vegetal foi formulada com milho, farelo de trigo e farelo de soja, enquanto que a dieta Animal teve a inclusão de 2,5% de farinha de carne e osso. A dieta Sem não foi suplementada com Fe, enquanto que as dietas Inorgânico e Complexado tiveram 60 mg/kg de Fe suplementados através de sulfato ferroso ou Fe-amino ácido:12% de Fe com vários aminoácidos (Fe-AA), respectivamente. As dietas foram fornecidas por 3 períodos de 4 semanas cada e os ovos foram coletados diariamente para avaliação da produção. Foram pesados os ovos dos 3 últimos dias de cada período, sendo então a gema e albúmen separados e congelados para posterior análise do conteúdo de Fe por espectrometria de absorção atômica. Os dados foram analisados usando Anova com medidas repetidas no tempo. O conteúdo Fe na gema aumentou com o tempo em todos os tratamentos, exceto para a dieta Vegetal sem suplementação de Fe (P<0,01). A concentração média de Fe na gema foi maior para a dieta Animal suplementada com Fe-AA, o menor para a dieta Vegetal não suplementada com Fe, e sem diferenças entre os outros quatro tratamentos. A produção de ovos foi reduzida nas aves que não receberam nenhum tipo de suplementação de Fe comparada as que receberam (P<0,05). Em conclusão, a produção de ovos foi afetada quando as aves não receberam suplementação de Fe e a suplementação de Fe pode afetar o conteúdo na gema e albúmen, dependendo da presença de fontes de proteína animal na dieta. / The objective of this study was to compare diets with or without meat and bone meal by-product and different Fe supplementation in broiler breeder diets. Sixty Cobb 500 females, 22 wks of age, were placed individually in cages and fed a typical breeder diet (15.6% CP, 2,840 kcal ME/kg, 3.2% Ca, 0.45% Av P) without Fe supplementation for 84 d. Starting on the 85 th d birds were randomly allocated to 6 dietary treatments in a factorial of 2 diets (Vegetal and Animal) and 3 Fe sources (None, Inorganic and Complexed). Diets had similar nutrient profile with the exception of Fe. Vegetable diet was formulated with corn, wheat bran and soybean meal, whereas the Animal diet had the inclusion of 2.5% meat and bone meal. The None diet was not supplemented with Fe, whereas 60 mg/kg of Fe was supplemented in the Inorganic (Fe (II) sulfate) or in the Complexed (Fe-amino acid: 12% Fe, with varying percentages of AA). Diets were provided for 3 periods of 4 wks and eggs were collected daily. In the last three days of each week, eggs were weighed, and yolk and albumen were separated. Egg composites were frozen for further analysis of Fe content using atomic absorption spectrometry. Resulting data were analyzed using a two-way Anova with repeated measures. Yolk Fe contents increased with time in all treatments, except for the Vegetable diet without Fe supplementation (P<0.01). Average Fe concentration in yolk was the highest for the Animal diet supplemented with Fe-AA, lowest for the Vegetable diet not supplemented with Fe, and without differences between the other four treatments. Egg production was reduced for birds fed both diets without Fe supplementation when compared to those with any type of Fe supplementation (P<0.05). It is concluded that breeder hens have reduced hen day egg production when not supplemented with Fe and that Fe supplementation can affect yolk and albumen contents depending on the presence of animal protein sources in the diet.

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o uso de minerais orgânicos na alimentação de potros, avaliando a deposição óssea de Cálcio e Fósforo, através de biopsia e densitometria óssea, além das medidas de crescimento, de altura da cernelha e da garupa, perímetro torácico, joelho, canela e ganho de peso. Foram utilizados dez potros com idade entre 10 e 13 meses e peso aproximado de 221 kg, distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois tratamentos: dieta formulada com minerais orgânicos e dieta formulada com minerais inorgânicos, com cinco repetições por tratamento. A dieta foi composta de 40% de volumoso, feno de gramínea e 60% de concentrado, a qual foi adicionada 3% da mistura mineral orgânico ou inorgânico. Não foi observada diferença entre os tratamentos em relação ao consumo da deita, medidas de crescimento, e deposição óssea de cálcio e fósforo. No entanto, a deposição óssea dos animais do tratamento orgânico foram maiores quando comparada com as médias do tratamento inorgânico. Entretanto para a variável densitometria, a deposição óssea dos potros alimentados com fonte orgânica foi maior aos 90 dias, quando comparado com todos os animais do tratamento com fonte inorgânica. Os animais do tratamento orgânico apresentaram melhor ganho de peso médio e diário em relação aos animais que receberam mineral inorgânico. / The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of mineral organic in the diet of foals, evaluating the bone mineral deposit of calcium and phosphorus, throughout biopsy and bone mineral density, measures of growing was also did measuring height withers and croup, thoracic circumference, knee, cannon and weight gain. Ten foals which approximated 10 and 13 months and almost 221 Kg weight each one were spread randomly into two treatments: diet with organic mineral and diet with inorganic mineral both with five repetitions for treatments. The diet were composed by 40% of roughage and 60% for concentrate, with was addition 3% of mixed mineral organic or inorganic. It was not detected any for consumption of diet, either for measures of growing and bone mineral concentration of calcium and phosphorus. Nevertheless, the average bone mineral concentration for organic treatment was better than mineral inorganic supplementation. However, the concentration in bone mineral was greater for organic treatment which was better for bone mineral density and weight. The bone deposition was better in 90 days of treatment. Therefore, the diet with organic mineral for foals probably better for bone mineral density and weight gain.

The efficiency and mechanism of electron- and energy transfer events occurring in both in natural and synthetic donor-acceptor systems depend on their distance, relative orientation, and the nature of the surrounding media. Fundamental knowledge gained from model studies is key in building efficient energy harvesting and optoelectronic devices. Faster charge separation and slower charge recombination in donor-acceptor systems is often sought out. In our continued effort to build donor-acceptor systems using near-IR sensitizers, in the present study, we report ground and excited state charge transfer in newly synthesized, directly linked, tetrads featuring bisdonor (donor = phenothiazine and ferrocene), BF2-chelated azadipyrromethane (azaBODIPY) and C60 entities. The tetrads synthesized using multi-step synthetic procedure revealed strong charge transfer interactions in the ground state involving the donor and azaBODIPY entities. The near-IR emitting azaBODIPY acted as a photosensitizing electron acceptor along with fullerene while the phenothiazine and ferrocene entities acted as electron donors. The triads (bisdonor-azaBODIPY) and tetrads revealed ultrafast photoinduced charge separation leading to D•+-azaBODIPY•–-C60 and D•+-azaBODIPY-C60•– (D = phenothiazine or ferrocene) charge separated states from the femtosecond transient absorption spectral studies in both polar and nonpolar solvent media. The charge separated states populated the triplet excited state of azaBODIPY prior returning to the ground state.

Twenty-two primiparous Holstein heifers were allocated to one of two treatments. Treatments consisted of: l) basal ration plus 226.8 g inorganic mineral supplement (control); and 2) basal ration plus 226.8 g inorganic mineral and metal proteinate supplement (50:50). Individual heifer performance was measured during the final l 0 weeks of the prepartum period. Feed intake and refusals were recorded daily. Individual heifer body weights recorded weekly did not differ significantly. Blood samples taken at 4-week intervals did not differ in plasma concentration between treatments. Calf birth weights for control heifers were not significantly higher than calves from the treatment heifers. The same twenty-two Holstein heifers used in the prepartum period were assigned to the same treatment groups for the 20-week postpartum lactation period. Treatments consisted of: 1) basal ration plus 453.6 g inorganic mineral supplement (control); and 2) basal ration plus 453.6 g inorganic mineral supplement and metal proteinate supplement (50:50). Dry matter intake and milk yield were recorded daily. Milk composition and body weights were recorded weekly. Feed and fecal samples were collected to determine apparent nutrient digestibility, using acid insoluble ash as an internal marker. Blood samples taken at. 4-week intervals showed no significant difference (Ρ < .05) in plasma mineral composition. No statistical difference was observed in milk yield between treatments (Ρ < .05). Percent lactose in milk samples from the treatment group was significantly higher (Ρ < .05) than that of the control group. Apparent nutrient digestibilities did not differ between treatment groups. Starting on day 5 postpartum, cows were observed for signs of estrus and bred at first observed estrus after 60 days postpartum. Days to first estrus were significantly lower (Ρ< .05) in the treatment group. The feet of each heifer were critically evaluated and scored according to six separate criteria at the start and at the finish of the trial. The texture category of the hoof evaluation score was significantly lower (Ρ < .05), favoring the treatment group over the control group.

Proton MR spectroscopy is a tool that provides quantified brain bioprofiles. Two methods exist: single- and multi-voxel spectroscopy. No studies compare their clinical validity in vivo. Gadolinium based MR contrast agents are used to improve lesional conspicuity. Adverse events are reported. Brain deposition occurs following administration in people and murine models. In dogs, doses are anecdotal and deposition is not described. Eight normal dogs underwent MRI at 3 Tesla with two methods of spectroscopy and were administered varying doses of gadodiamide. No differences were seen between single- and multi-voxel spectroscopy when interrogating identical regions of interest. Brains were harvested and evaluated for gadolinium depots using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Gadolinium was found in the brains of all dogs with dose dependency. Further, adequate normal brain conspicuity was seen at a dose of 0.5 mmol/kg. Thus, clinical trials of gadolinium chelated contrast agents at this dose are recommended.

Iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC) is a frequent problem in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production on calcareous soils. Greenhouse and soil incubation experiments were established to evaluate pyritic lignite efficacy to supply Fe as compared to Fe-EDDHA and Fe-EDTA sources across contrasting IDC tolerance varieties grown on a slightly acid and a calcareous soil. Soybean IDC incidence was influenced by the soil properties and variety tolerance. All iron sources increased plant dry matter accumulation on the Leeper soil, whereas on the Marietta soil only lignite at 0.672 kg ha-1 produced an increase. Lignite at 0.336 kg ha-1 successfully improved Fe availability to the plant as reflected by an increase in Fe content. Furthermore, no differences were found between the low rate of lignite and the commercial fertilizers on any of the evaluated parameters. Results from this study indicate that pyritic lignite may serve as an acceptable source of Fe on problem soils to prevent IDC.

Estudou-se a suplementação de minerais quelatados na nutrição de frangos de corte avaliando-se o desempenho zootécnico, a constituição e a morfologia óssea, hepática e intestinal destes animais, por meio da utilização de técnicas matemáticas computacionais, como visão computacional, reconhecimento de padrões e análises estatísticas multivariadas. Adicionalmente aferiu-se a resposta imunológica das aves testadas valendo-se do teste de inibição de hemaglutinação para Newscastle. Finalmente, fez-se a quantificação da porcentagem de cinzas ósseas no osso seco desengordurado em cada tratamento com a finalidade de comparar estes resultados àqueles de análise de imagens. Foi realizado um experimento fatorial 22, sendo os fatores sexo, macho e fêmea, e tipo de ração, premix mineral quelatado versus premix mineral tradicional. As aves foram alojadas na granja experimental da Fazenda do Glória Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia e, durante o estudo, anotaram-se os índices zootécnicos de cada grupo. Aos 49 dias de idade, as aves foram sacrificadas para coleta de órgãos para histomorfometria e verificação do rendimento de carcaça. Obtidas as imagens histológicas e macroscópicas foram empregadas as técnicas computacionais incluindo aquelas desenvolvidas pelo Grupo de Pesquisa em Visão Cibernética do Instituto de Física de São Carlos - Universidade de São Paulo. Os resultados demonstraram que dentre as variáveis aferidas ou não houve diferenças estatísticas entre os tratamentos ou, quando ocorreu diferença, essa indicou melhores resultados entre os machos tratados e resultados inferiores para as fêmeas tratadas, exceto quanto à microscopia intestinal e a quantificação da degeneração hepática. Em relação a primeira variável tanto os machos tratados quanto as fêmeas tratadas apresentaram os melhores resultados, mas na variável degeneração hepática os resultados também foram semelhantes entre machos e fêmeas, mas, nesse caso, o uso de quelatos foi prejudicial levando-se em conta o maior grau de lesão hepática entre os animais tratados. Assim, concluiu-se que o uso de minerais quelatados, de acordo com o esquema de arraçoamento estudado, foi positivo para frangos de corte machos e não o foi para fêmeas. Tal evidência aponta para a afirmação que, na pesquisa do uso de quelatos, os machos e as fêmeas deverão receber atenção diferenciada, tendo em vista que parecem responder distintamente ao produto. / This research studied the influence of chelated minerals in broilers chickens nutrition as well as the constitution and morphology of bone, liver and intestine of these animals, by means of the utilization of mathematical and computational techniques including computer vision, pattern recognition and statistical analysis. Additionally, the immunological response of the tested birds was investigated by using the haemagglutination inhibition test for Newcastle disease. We also measured the percentage of bone ash in dry and defatted bone in each handling with the purpose of comparing these results to those of images analysis. A factorial experiment was carried out, considering as factors sex, male and female, and kind of feed, while considering chelated minerals versus traditional minerals. The broilers were lodged in the Fazenda do Glória - FUNDAP-UFU experimental farm and, during this period, the performance indices of each group were estimated. At 49 days of age, the birds were sacrificed for collection of organs for histomorphometry and verification of the carcass. The obtained histological images were submitted to computational techniques analyses including some developed by the Cybernetic Vision Group of the Instituto de Física de São Carlos-USP. The results showed that the variables checked were diversely affected by the treatments. Better results were observed for treated males, with poorer performance obtained for treated females, except for intestinal microscopy and the quantification of the liver degeneration. Regarding intestinal microscopy, the treated males and females presented the best results. In which concerns the second variable, the results were similar between males and females, but in that case the groups that received chelated minerals presented bigger liver degeneration area than the control groups. Therefore, it was possible to conclude that the use of chelated minerals, according to the proposed breeder plan, was positive only for male broilers. Such evidence implies that, in the studies of chelated minerals, male and females should receive differentiated attention, having in mind that they respond differently to the products.

Orientador: Dirlei Antonio Berto / Banca: José Roberto Sartori / Banca: Maria Cristina Thomaz / Resumo: Com o objetivo de avaliar a biodisponibilidade relativa do ferro de fonte orgânica (carbo-amino-fosfo-quelato de ferro-CAFQ) para leitões desmamados, utilizando como padrão o sulfato de ferro monohidratado (S), foi realizado um experimento com 126 leitões de genética comercial, desmamados aos 21 dias de idade e que receberam 50 mg de ferro dextrano no terceiro dia de vida. Os animais foram submetidos a um período de depleção de ferro e o experimento foi iniciado quando os leitões atingiram níveis médios de 9,8 g/dL de hemoglobina e 32,6% de hematócrito. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com seis repetições, sete tratamentos (ração sem adição de fonte específica de ferro, rações com 50, 100 e 150 ppm de ferro na forma de S e rações com 50, 100 e 150 ppm de ferro na forma CAFQ) e três animais por unidade experimental. Foram avaliados os parâmetros de desempenho (ganho diário de peso-GDP e conversão alimentar-CA) e as variáveis sanguíneas (hemoglobina-Hb, hematócrito-Ht, transferrina-TR, capacidade latente de ligação do ferro-CLLF, capacidade total de ligação do ferro-CTLF, ferro sérico-Fe e índice de saturação da transferrina-IST). No final do experimento, um leitão de cada unidade experimental foi sorteado e abatido para a retirada do fígado e baço para avaliação da concentração de ferro por espectrometria de absorção atômica em chama (FAAS). As fontes de ferro estudadas proporcionaram resultados semelhantes no desempenho, parâmetros sanguíneos e concentração de ferro nos tecidos dos leitões, embora o aumento no consumo de ferro tenha determinado acréscimo linear nas variáveis GDP, Hb, Ht, Fe e IST, e redução linear nos valores de CA, TR, CLLF e CTLF. Para leitões desmamados a biodisponibilidade do ferro do CAFQ é semelhante... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This experiment evaluated the relative bioavailability of an organic iron source (iron carbon-amino-phospho-chelate-ICAPC) for weanling piglets using monohydrate iron sulfate (S) as standard. One hundred twenty-six commercial genetic piglets were weaned at day 21 and received 50 mg of iron dextran at the third day old. Animals underwent through an iron depletion period and the experiment started when the mean levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit of the piglets were 9.8 g/dL and 32.6%, respectively. The experimental design was in a completely randomized block in six replicates (three animals per experimental unit) and the dietary treatments were diet without addition of a specific iron source; diets with 50, 100 and 150 ppm of Fe as S; and diets with 50, 100 and 150 ppm of Fe as ICAPC. Performance (average daily gain- ADG and feed:gain-F:G) and blood parameters (hemoglobin-Hb, hematocrit-Ht, transferrin-TR, unsaturated iron-binding capacity-UIBC, total iron-binding capacity- TIBC, serum iron-Fe and transferrin saturation-TS) were evaluated. At the end of the experiment a piglet, from each experimental unit, was randomly selected and slaughtered. The liver and the spleen of this piglet were collected and their iron concentrations were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS). The evaluated iron sources provided similar results on performance, blood parameters and iron concentration in the tissues, although the increase of iron intake had determined the linear increase in ADG, Hb, Ht, Fe and TS, and linear regression in F:G, TR, UIBC and TIBC. The bioavailability of iron from ICAPC is similar to iron from S for weaning piglets / Mestre

Orientador: Wilson de Figueiredo Jardim / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T10:39:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andrade_JulianodeAlmeida_M.pdf: 3254677 bytes, checksum: 72d1e108844df115bda11c77f7fd1337 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Mestrado / Quimica Analitica / Mestre em Química

Estudou-se a suplementação de minerais quelatados na nutrição de frangos de corte avaliando-se o desempenho zootécnico, a constituição e a morfologia óssea, hepática e intestinal destes animais, por meio da utilização de técnicas matemáticas computacionais, como visão computacional, reconhecimento de padrões e análises estatísticas multivariadas. Adicionalmente aferiu-se a resposta imunológica das aves testadas valendo-se do teste de inibição de hemaglutinação para Newscastle. Finalmente, fez-se a quantificação da porcentagem de cinzas ósseas no osso seco desengordurado em cada tratamento com a finalidade de comparar estes resultados àqueles de análise de imagens. Foi realizado um experimento fatorial 22, sendo os fatores sexo, macho e fêmea, e tipo de ração, premix mineral quelatado versus premix mineral tradicional. As aves foram alojadas na granja experimental da Fazenda do Glória Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia e, durante o estudo, anotaram-se os índices zootécnicos de cada grupo. Aos 49 dias de idade, as aves foram sacrificadas para coleta de órgãos para histomorfometria e verificação do rendimento de carcaça. Obtidas as imagens histológicas e macroscópicas foram empregadas as técnicas computacionais incluindo aquelas desenvolvidas pelo Grupo de Pesquisa em Visão Cibernética do Instituto de Física de São Carlos - Universidade de São Paulo. Os resultados demonstraram que dentre as variáveis aferidas ou não houve diferenças estatísticas entre os tratamentos ou, quando ocorreu diferença, essa indicou melhores resultados entre os machos tratados e resultados inferiores para as fêmeas tratadas, exceto quanto à microscopia intestinal e a quantificação da degeneração hepática. Em relação a primeira variável tanto os machos tratados quanto as fêmeas tratadas apresentaram os melhores resultados, mas na variável degeneração hepática os resultados também foram semelhantes entre machos e fêmeas, mas, nesse caso, o uso de quelatos foi prejudicial levando-se em conta o maior grau de lesão hepática entre os animais tratados. Assim, concluiu-se que o uso de minerais quelatados, de acordo com o esquema de arraçoamento estudado, foi positivo para frangos de corte machos e não o foi para fêmeas. Tal evidência aponta para a afirmação que, na pesquisa do uso de quelatos, os machos e as fêmeas deverão receber atenção diferenciada, tendo em vista que parecem responder distintamente ao produto. / This research studied the influence of chelated minerals in broilers chickens nutrition as well as the constitution and morphology of bone, liver and intestine of these animals, by means of the utilization of mathematical and computational techniques including computer vision, pattern recognition and statistical analysis. Additionally, the immunological response of the tested birds was investigated by using the haemagglutination inhibition test for Newcastle disease. We also measured the percentage of bone ash in dry and defatted bone in each handling with the purpose of comparing these results to those of images analysis. A factorial experiment was carried out, considering as factors sex, male and female, and kind of feed, while considering chelated minerals versus traditional minerals. The broilers were lodged in the Fazenda do Glória - FUNDAP-UFU experimental farm and, during this period, the performance indices of each group were estimated. At 49 days of age, the birds were sacrificed for collection of organs for histomorphometry and verification of the carcass. The obtained histological images were submitted to computational techniques analyses including some developed by the Cybernetic Vision Group of the Instituto de Física de São Carlos-USP. The results showed that the variables checked were diversely affected by the treatments. Better results were observed for treated males, with poorer performance obtained for treated females, except for intestinal microscopy and the quantification of the liver degeneration. Regarding intestinal microscopy, the treated males and females presented the best results. In which concerns the second variable, the results were similar between males and females, but in that case the groups that received chelated minerals presented bigger liver degeneration area than the control groups. Therefore, it was possible to conclude that the use of chelated minerals, according to the proposed breeder plan, was positive only for male broilers. Such evidence implies that, in the studies of chelated minerals, male and females should receive differentiated attention, having in mind that they respond differently to the products.