Cheung Wai-che. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1978. / Bibliography: leaves 134-135.

<p>It is widely believed that hydrogen will, within a few years, become the means of storing and transporting energy. The reason is the depletion of hydrocarbons and the relatively facile production of hydrogen from various renewable sources of energy. Hydrogen can be combusted in an efficient way in a fuel cell with water as emission product. The overall goal of the project was to deevlop the knowledge base for solid-state hydrogen storage technology suitable for stationary and mobile applications. The aim of this research was to develop a novel composite hydrogen storage material with high wt% storage capacity, high intrinsic safety, appropriate thermodynamics, high mechanical strength, reversibility of the system and fast kinetics based on a well known &quot / low temperature&quot / intermetallic alloy (Ti/Fe) as the core.</p>

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<p>It is widely believed that hydrogen will, within a few years, become the means of storing and transporting energy. The reason is the depletion of hydrocarbons and the relatively facile production of hydrogen from various renewable sources of energy. Hydrogen can be combusted in an efficient way in a fuel cell with water as emission product. The overall goal of the project was to deevlop the knowledge base for solid-state hydrogen storage technology suitable for stationary and mobile applications. The aim of this research was to develop a novel composite hydrogen storage material with high wt% storage capacity, high intrinsic safety, appropriate thermodynamics, high mechanical strength, reversibility of the system and fast kinetics based on a well known &quot / low temperature&quot / intermetallic alloy (Ti/Fe) as the core.</p>

M.Sc. (Chemistry) / Cobalt is mainly associated with copper, both in the primary ores and in the oxidation zone. In Southern Africa cobalt metal is produced as a by-product of the extraction of copper, nickel and platinum group metals. The hydrometallurgical route is commonly used, since cobalt bearing materials are acid leached prior to the clarification and impurity removal process preceding the electrowinning of the value. In order to understand the dissolution behaviour of cobalt and copper bearing minerals from Co-Cu oxide ores, the relationship between and the impact of physical, chemical and mineralogical properties of the materials and the dissolution behaviour of cobalt and copper bearing minerals contained in the feed materials was studied. Four Co-Cu oxide ore samples namely; high cobalt ore (HCo), high copper ore (HCu), low cobalt ore 1 (LCo1) and low cobalt ore 2 (LCo2) were characterised in terms of elemental composition, cobalt and copper species, functional groups, mineral phases, mineral abundances, mineral/ore grains size distribution, particle specific surface area, particle ore density and porosity, in order to elucidate the impact of these properties on the dissolution rate and percentage recovery of cobalt and copper in the acid generated leachate...

Magister Scientiae - MSc / It is widely believed that hydrogen will within a few tens of years become the means of storing and transporting energy. The reason is the depletion of hydrocarbons and the relatively facile production of hydrogen from various renewable sources of energy. Hydrogen can be combusted in an efficient way in a fuel cell with water as emission product. As concerns over air pollution and global warming increase, the incentive to switch to clean and efficient hydrogen economy becomes greater and the transition may occur well before hydrocarbon reserves are extinct. The overall goal of the project is to develop the knowledge base for solid-state hydrogen storage technology suitable for stationary and mobile applications. In order to accomplish this goal, the project will have a dual focus which includes the synthesis of novel nano-structured hydrogen storage materials and systems that can accurately analyze the materials. The aim of this research is to develop a novel composite hydrogen storage material with high wt% storage capacity, high intrinsic safety, appropriate thermodynamics, high mechanical strength, reversibility of the system and fast kinetics based on a well known “low temperature” intermetallic alloy (Ti/Fe) as the core. In the course of achieving this objective, the structural, thermal, chemisorptive and physisorptive attributes of this material on a nanoscale have been evaluated considering that nano-structuring is a potentially promising approach for controlling bond strength, kinetics, and sorption temperatures and pressures. By combining different materials with suitable catalytic and thermodynamic properties, a new class of hybrid hydrogen storage material has been developed. More importantly, the focus was to increase the capacity of hydrogen sorption in this material. This goal was achieved with the mechano-chemical pre-treatment of Ti/Fe alloy and surface modification with carbon nanotubes, binary palladium and magnesium metals via a layer-by-layer modification technique. The chemical and mechanical stability of hydrogen storage materials is of great importance because hydrogen storage materials must withstand repeated adsorption and desorption cycles. The layer by layer approach that was used in this project allowed the investigation of the chemical and mechanical stability of the materials as each layer was added. Through this layer by layer approach suitable nano-particles were introduced that are chemically and mechanically stable. The knowledge emanating from this investigation is expected to allow the directed design of new, higher-efficiency, recyclable hydride-based materials in pursuance of the 6.0 wt% goal set forth by the US Department of Energy. / South Africa

O uso de plantas medicinais no tratamento de doenças tem aumentado de forma significativa nos últimos anos, bem como as pesquisas sobre a caracterização química destas plantas. Neste estudo, foram determinados os constituintes inorgânicos presentes nas folhas e nos extratos de três espécies da planta do gênero Casearia (C. sylvestris, C. decandra e C. obliqua) coletadas em regiões distintas da Mata Atlântica, SP. As composições elementares dos solos em que estas plantas foram cultivadas também foram determinadas. Tradicionalmente, estas plantas são utilizadas devido às suas propriedades antiinflamatórias, antiácidas, anti-sépticas e cicatrizantes. Além disso, as atividades antiulcerogênicas e antitumorais do gênero Casearia, e sua capacidade de neutralizar venenos de serpentes e abelhas, também tem sido comprovadas cientificamente. A metodologia analítica empregada foi a análise por ativação com nêutrons. Irradiações longas e curtas das amostras e dos padrões foram realizadas utilizando fluxos de nêutrons do reator de pesquisas IEA-R1 do IPEN/CNEN-SP. Nas folhas, o elemento K foi encontrado em níveis de porcentagens, os elementos Ca, Cl, Mg e Na na ordem de mg g-1, Br, Fe, Mn, Rb e Zn em &#956;g g-1 e os elementos As, Co, Cr, Cs, La, Sb, Sc e Se em teores mais baixos, da ordem de ng g-1. Os resultados obtidos nas análises dos extratos indicaram que os mesmos elementos determinados nas folhas de Casearia foram também encontrados em seus respectivos extratos. A comparação das composições elementares das folhas de Casearia sylvestris coletadas em três regiões diferentes da Mata Atlântica mostrou que as concentrações dos elementos encontrados nas plantas dependem da composição dos solos em que elas foram cultivadas. Por outro lado, espécies diferentes do gênero Casearia cultivadas em uma mesma região apresentaram composições elementares similares. Estes resultados mostram a importância da realização de estudos que avaliem as atividades farmacológicas de Casearias cultivadas em diferentes tipos de solos. A qualidade analítica dos resultados foi avaliada pela análise dos materiais de referência certificados NIST 1573a Tomato Leaves, NIST 1515 Apple Leaves, INCT-TL-1 Tea Leaves, IAEA-Soil-7 e USGS W1. Os desvios padrão relativos e os erros relativos obtidos nestas análises indicaram boa precisão e exatidão dos resultados. / The use of medicinal plants in the treatment of diseases has increased significantly in the last years, as has research concerning chemical characterization of these plants. In this study, inorganic constituents were determined in leaves and in extracts from three medicinal plant species of the Casearia genus (C. sylvestris, C. decandra and C. obliqua) collected in distinct regions of the Atlantic Forest, SP. The elemental compositions of the soils in which these plants were grown were also determined. Traditionally, these plants are used due to their antiinflamatory, antiacid, antiseptic and cicatrizing properties. The antiulcer and the antitumor activities of the Casearia genus and its capacity to neutralize snake and bee venoms, have also been scientifically confirmed. The analytical methodology used was neutron activation analysis. Long and short irradiation periods of the samples and the standards were carried out at IPEN’s IEA-R1 nuclear research reactor. In the leaf K was found at the percentage levels, Ca, Cl, Mg and Na at mg g-1 levels and the elements Br, Fe, Mn, Rb and Zn at the &#956;g g-1 levels. As, Co, Cr, Cs, La, Sb, Sc and Se at the ng g-1 levels. Results obtained in the extracts indicated that the same elements present in the leaves are also found in their extracts. The comparison between the inorganic composition of Casearia sylvestris leaves collected from three different regions of the Atlantic Forest showed that the elemental concentrations in the plants leaves varied depending on the place where they were grown. Different Casearia species cultivated in a same region presented similar elemental compositions. Based on these findings it can be concluded that the studies about the pharmacological effect of Casearia genus plants grown in different types of soil are of great importance. The quality of the obtained results was assured by the analyses of the certified reference materials NIST 1573a Tomato Leaves, NIST 1515 Apple Leaves, INCT-TL-1 Tea Leaves, IAEA-Soil-7 and USGS W1. The relative standard deviations and the relative errors obtained in these analyses indicated good precision and accuracy of the results.

O uso de plantas medicinais no tratamento de doenças tem aumentado de forma significativa nos últimos anos, bem como as pesquisas sobre a caracterização química destas plantas. Neste estudo, foram determinados os constituintes inorgânicos presentes nas folhas e nos extratos de três espécies da planta do gênero Casearia (C. sylvestris, C. decandra e C. obliqua) coletadas em regiões distintas da Mata Atlântica, SP. As composições elementares dos solos em que estas plantas foram cultivadas também foram determinadas. Tradicionalmente, estas plantas são utilizadas devido às suas propriedades antiinflamatórias, antiácidas, anti-sépticas e cicatrizantes. Além disso, as atividades antiulcerogênicas e antitumorais do gênero Casearia, e sua capacidade de neutralizar venenos de serpentes e abelhas, também tem sido comprovadas cientificamente. A metodologia analítica empregada foi a análise por ativação com nêutrons. Irradiações longas e curtas das amostras e dos padrões foram realizadas utilizando fluxos de nêutrons do reator de pesquisas IEA-R1 do IPEN/CNEN-SP. Nas folhas, o elemento K foi encontrado em níveis de porcentagens, os elementos Ca, Cl, Mg e Na na ordem de mg g-1, Br, Fe, Mn, Rb e Zn em &#956;g g-1 e os elementos As, Co, Cr, Cs, La, Sb, Sc e Se em teores mais baixos, da ordem de ng g-1. Os resultados obtidos nas análises dos extratos indicaram que os mesmos elementos determinados nas folhas de Casearia foram também encontrados em seus respectivos extratos. A comparação das composições elementares das folhas de Casearia sylvestris coletadas em três regiões diferentes da Mata Atlântica mostrou que as concentrações dos elementos encontrados nas plantas dependem da composição dos solos em que elas foram cultivadas. Por outro lado, espécies diferentes do gênero Casearia cultivadas em uma mesma região apresentaram composições elementares similares. Estes resultados mostram a importância da realização de estudos que avaliem as atividades farmacológicas de Casearias cultivadas em diferentes tipos de solos. A qualidade analítica dos resultados foi avaliada pela análise dos materiais de referência certificados NIST 1573a Tomato Leaves, NIST 1515 Apple Leaves, INCT-TL-1 Tea Leaves, IAEA-Soil-7 e USGS W1. Os desvios padrão relativos e os erros relativos obtidos nestas análises indicaram boa precisão e exatidão dos resultados. / The use of medicinal plants in the treatment of diseases has increased significantly in the last years, as has research concerning chemical characterization of these plants. In this study, inorganic constituents were determined in leaves and in extracts from three medicinal plant species of the Casearia genus (C. sylvestris, C. decandra and C. obliqua) collected in distinct regions of the Atlantic Forest, SP. The elemental compositions of the soils in which these plants were grown were also determined. Traditionally, these plants are used due to their antiinflamatory, antiacid, antiseptic and cicatrizing properties. The antiulcer and the antitumor activities of the Casearia genus and its capacity to neutralize snake and bee venoms, have also been scientifically confirmed. The analytical methodology used was neutron activation analysis. Long and short irradiation periods of the samples and the standards were carried out at IPEN’s IEA-R1 nuclear research reactor. In the leaf K was found at the percentage levels, Ca, Cl, Mg and Na at mg g-1 levels and the elements Br, Fe, Mn, Rb and Zn at the &#956;g g-1 levels. As, Co, Cr, Cs, La, Sb, Sc and Se at the ng g-1 levels. Results obtained in the extracts indicated that the same elements present in the leaves are also found in their extracts. The comparison between the inorganic composition of Casearia sylvestris leaves collected from three different regions of the Atlantic Forest showed that the elemental concentrations in the plants leaves varied depending on the place where they were grown. Different Casearia species cultivated in a same region presented similar elemental compositions. Based on these findings it can be concluded that the studies about the pharmacological effect of Casearia genus plants grown in different types of soil are of great importance. The quality of the obtained results was assured by the analyses of the certified reference materials NIST 1573a Tomato Leaves, NIST 1515 Apple Leaves, INCT-TL-1 Tea Leaves, IAEA-Soil-7 and USGS W1. The relative standard deviations and the relative errors obtained in these analyses indicated good precision and accuracy of the results.

The purpose and focus of this research is to examine a chemistry of education and to build a metacognitive bridge between the two disciplines, chemistry and education, through autobiographical narrative development of a relational periodic table for education. The elements of teaching are integrated using the actual model of the chemical periodic table of elements as a working metaphor to re-understand teaching and education. Through the narrative analysis of the inter-and intra-relationships (the educational chemical reactions), this thesis posits a new understanding of the complex matrical relationships of education and thus expands this relational knowledge toward developing new and better methods for teachers, students and for all investors of education to engage in and experience the chemistry of education. / xiii, 312 leaves ; 28 cm.

A avaliação da qualidade do ar é um assunto de grande importância uma vez que os contaminantes da atmosfera podem causar efeitos danosos à saúde e ao meio ambiente. Nos últimos anos as cascas de árvores têm sido estudadas como biomonitores da poluição atmosférica devido à facilidade de amostragem, ampla disponibilidade e resistência das espécies arbóreas quanto às variações ambientais. No presente trabalho, um estudo da poluição aérea de elementos químicos foi realizado pela análise de cascas de Tipuana (Tipuana tipu) e Sibipiruna (Poincianella pluviosa). As cascas de árvore foram coletadas em diferentes locais da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP) e em dois locais no interior do estado de São Paulo considerados como regiões controle. As amostras de cascas foram analisadas por meio da análise por ativação neutrônica (NAA) para a determinação de As, Br, Ca, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, Fe, K, La, Mg, Mn, Ni, Rb, Sb, Sc, V e Zn e pela espectrometria por absorção atômica com forno de grafite (GF AAS), na determinação de Cd, Cu e Pb. No controle da qualidade analítica, os resultados das análises dos materiais de referência certificados apresentaram boa exatidão, com valores de |Z score| &le; 2. Ensaios preliminares foram realizados para estabelecer as condições experimentais adequadas para coleta e preparo das amostras das cascas de árvore. As cascas foram coletadas em todas as possíveis faces do tronco da árvore e uma espessura de 2 mm da camada superficial da casca foi ralada e homogeneizada para as análises. Os resultados indicaram variabilidade nas concentrações dos elementos nas cascas em função da proximidade e intensidade das fontes de emissão. Além disso, os resultados indicaram quatro possíveis fontes de poluentes, sendo estes, veicular, industrial, aerossol marinho e a própria composição da casca de árvore. Os fatores de enriquecimento para os elementos determinados nas cascas de árvore indicaram maiores concentrações nas amostras coletadas na RMSP do que aqueles obtidos nas regiões controle. As concentrações de As, Cd, Co, Pb e Zn obtidas nas cascas de árvores apresentaram associação com as concentrações de material particulado (MP10) medidas pela Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo (CETESB). Os elementos Cl, Co, Mg e Ni das cascas, apresentaram correlação com as taxas de mortalidade por doenças cardiorrespiratórias em adultos. Os resultados deste estudo indicam a viabilidade do uso de cascas de árvores em estudos de poluição atmosférica de elementos químicos, especialmente nas regiões em que não há sistema de monitoramento da poluição do ar. / The assessment of air quality is a matter of great importance since the pollutants of the atmosphere can cause harmful effects to health and the environment. In recent years tree barks have been studied as biomonitors of atmospheric pollution due to their easy of sampling, wide availability and resistance to environmental variations. In the present study on aerial pollution of chemical elements, the analyses of Tipuana (Tipuana tipu) and Sibipiruna (Poincianella pluviosa) tree barks were performed. The tree barks were collected at different sites in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo (MRSP) and in two small cities of São Paulo state considered as control regions. The bark samples were analyzed by neutron activation analysis (NAA) for As, Br, Ca, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, Fe, K, La, Mg , Mn, Ni, Rb, Sb, Sc, V, and Zn determinations and by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF AAS) for Cd, Cu and Pb. In the analytical quality control, the certified reference materials results presented good accuracy, with values of |Z score| &le; 2. Preliminary tests were performed to establish adequate experimental conditions for collection and preparation of the tree barks samples. The barks were collected in all possible faces of the tree trunk and a thickness of 2 mm of the bark surface layer was grated and homogenized for the analyses. Data analyses of the samples indicated variability in the element concentrations depending on the proximity and intensity of the emission sources. Furthermore, these results indicated four possible pollutants sources, those being, vehicular plus soil resuspension, industrial, marine aerosols and the tree bark composition itself. Enrichment factors obtained for the elements determined in tree barks indicated higher concentrations in samples collected in the MRSP than those obtained in the control regions. The As, Cd, Co, Pb and Zn concentrations found in tree barks presented an association with the concentrations of particulate matter (PM10) measured at the Environmental Company of the State of São Paulo (CETESB). In the following elements, Cl, Co, Mg and Ni found in tree barks there was a correlation with mortality rates due to cardiorespiratory diseases in adults. The findings of this study indicated the viability of the use of tree barks in air pollution studies of chemical elements, especially in those regions in which there is no air pollution monitoring network system.