Abstract The increasing demand for the chemical monitoring of water qualities emphasises the importance of an efficient and workable laboratory management system to remain profitable and competitive in a fast growing industry. The management of information is therefore becoming increasingly important as the effectiveness and profitability of the water laboratory is largely measured against its management systems and continual improvement programmes. Effective information management forms an important part of laboratory management to ensure that data are updated and remain current. One way of proving its effectiveness, the laboratory must provide proof of a controlled and procedurised documentation system and the availability of updated data and information. The effective control of data and information in the water laboratory by using some kind of information management system is therefore essential. Laboratory managers are becoming aware of the need for an effective, computerised laboratory data and information management system as the entry of data and results into a manual system has several disadvantages. The laboratory manager is increasingly seeking for ways to improve the efficiency of his laboratory and more time must therefore be spent on managing the laboratory, rather than to facilitate the distribution and control of information.

Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2016-03-17T17:18:59Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Camila Cheker Brandão - 2013.pdf: 2119309 bytes, checksum: 8bc29f2abfe173bf22e0f27f541932ed (MD5) license_rdf: 19874 bytes, checksum: 38cb62ef53e6f513db2fb7e337df6485 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-03-21T10:30:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Camila Cheker Brandão - 2013.pdf: 2119309 bytes, checksum: 8bc29f2abfe173bf22e0f27f541932ed (MD5) license_rdf: 19874 bytes, checksum: 38cb62ef53e6f513db2fb7e337df6485 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-21T10:30:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Camila Cheker Brandão - 2013.pdf: 2119309 bytes, checksum: 8bc29f2abfe173bf22e0f27f541932ed (MD5) license_rdf: 19874 bytes, checksum: 38cb62ef53e6f513db2fb7e337df6485 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-22 / The yacon is considered a functional food, because of its content of soluble fiber, the fructooligosaccharides (FOS), however it has a short shelf life and low volume production, producing an alcoholic fermented as an alternative for these problems. Thus, the aim of the study was to develop the alcoholic beverage, monitoring chemical changes during the elaboration process and aging (one year). After that time the antioxidant potential, the methanol content and an sensory analysis were conducted. The roots of yacon underwent alcoholic fermentation and the broth was monitored (temperature, pH, total acidity and soluble solids content) during ten days of the first (fast) fermentation and (density, ash, total and volatile acidity, tannins and sugars), during ninety days of slow stage of fermentation. At the end of the slow fermentation, the total acidity was the only requirement that varied significantly (p <0.05), decreasing over three months . During a year of aging were monitored ash, total acidity, volatile acidity, free and total SO2, the reducing sugar, sucrose, phenolic compounds and fructooligosaccharides (FOS). The volatile and total acidity increased significantly (p <0.05), over time, but at the end still retained within the law. As for the sugars, including FOS, were consumed during this period, sugesting the ability of yeast to hydrolyze the soluble fiber. The free and total SO2 decreased significantly, showing its performance against oxidation product. At the end of aging, methanol content presented was within those permitted by law, a good antioxidant potential and considerable profile and sensory acceptance. Thus, there was able to produce a fermented alcoholic from yacon, within the standards of Brazilian law, thereby becoming an alternative to the consumption of the roots. / O yacon é considerado um alimento funcional, em razão do seu teor de fibra solúvel, ou seja, de frutooligossacarídeos (FOS), porém esse tubérculo apresenta alta perecibilidade e pouco volume de produção, fazendo com que a produção de um fermentado alcoólico se torne uma alternativa para seus problemas. Dessa forma, o objetivo do estudo foi desenvolver o fermentado alcoólico, monitorar quimicamente as alterações ocorridas durante o processo de elaboração e do envelhecimento de um ano. Após esse período o potencial antioxidante, teor de metanol e uma análise sensorial foram realizados. Primeiramente, as raízes de yacon foram submetidas à fermentação alcoólica e o mosto foi monitorado (temperatura, pH, acidez total e teor sólidos solúveis) durante dez dias de fermentação rápida e (densidade, cinzas, acidez total titulável e volátil, taninos e açúcares redutores) durante noventa dias de fermentação lenta. Ao final da segunda fermentação, a acidez total titulável foi o único requisito que variou significativamente (p<0,05), diminuindo ao longo dos três meses. Durante o período de um ano de envelhecimento foram monitoradas as cinzas, a acidez total titulável, a acidez volátil, o SO2 total e livre, o açúcar redutor, a sacarose, os compostos fenólicos e os frutooligossacarídeos (FOS). A acidez volátil e total aumentou significativamente (p<0,05), ao longo do tempo, mas mesmo assim ao final ainda se manteve dentro da legislação. Já os açúcares, incluindo o FOS, foram consumidos ao longo deste período, indicando a possibilidade das leveduras serem capazes de hidrolisar a fibra solúvel. O SO2 total e livre diminuiu, significativamente, mostrando sua atuação contra a oxidação do produto. Ao final do envelhecimento, o fermentado apresentou teor de metanol dentro do permitido pela legislação, um bom potencial antioxidante e considerável perfil e aceitação sensorial. Dessa forma, houve condições de se produzir um fermentado alcoólico, a partir do yacon, dentro dos padrões de legislação brasileira, tornando- se assim, uma alternativa para o consumo desse tubérculo.

This thesis presents some new techniques that were developedfor continuous chemical analysis of a paper furnish. First, ageneral background is presented, covering topics from theorigins of papermaking to present day. A short introduction topapermaking chemistry and a variety of presently availableon-line chemical analysers and measurement strategies are alsodiscussed. A method is described for the continuous fractionation of apaper furnish containing coarse fibres (&gt;10µm) in orderto obtain a sample for analytical purposes (Paper I). Aconsistent sample, containing a representative fraction of thedissolved and colloidal substances (DCS) present in the bulkfurnish, was achieved by preventing cake formation on a filtersurface. A combination of turbulent flow above a membranefilter, while continuously withdrawing a relatively low samplevolume, were key factors in the prevention of filterfouling. For the continuous flow-extraction of DCS, a technique isdescribed whereby the extracting solvent was injected at a highvelocity into a continuous flow of analyte (Paper II).Comparison with conventional flow extraction showed anextraction enhancement of up to 9 times for colloidaltriglycerides. To achieve a continuous determination of chemicalsubstances, a real-time fully automated colorimetric titrationapparatus was developed (Paper III&amp;IV). This was achievedby using a series of micro-machined mixing channels for thecontinuous flow of analyte, with a sequence of detection unitsand titrant addition points along the flowpath (Paper III). Afuzzy logiccontroller was implemented to continuously adaptfor changes in the sample concentration, providing thepossibility of titrating over two orders of magnitude in sampleconcentration with minimal loss of accuracy (Paper IV). Also, a system is presented whereby the filtration apparatus(Paper I) is combined with the titration device (Paper III&amp;IV) in order to continuously determine total charge (orcolloidal charge) of a paper furnish in real-time (Paper V).This was achieved by utilising a back-titration approach andselected examples are presented showing the dynamicinteractions between wood fibres and polyelectrolyte adsorptionat various conditions of pH and polyelectrolyte molecularweight. Finally, some suggestions for a more comprehensive wet-endchemical monitoring platform are discussed and the role of thepresent work in evaluated in this context. <b>Keywords:</b>Chemical monitoring, continuous flowextraction, cross-flow filtration, dissolved and colloidalcomponents, fuzzy-logic control, on-line system, pitchanalysis, polyelectrolyte titration, process control, samplework-up, titrimetric analysis.

<p>This thesis presents some new techniques that were developedfor continuous chemical analysis of a paper furnish. First, ageneral background is presented, covering topics from theorigins of papermaking to present day. A short introduction topapermaking chemistry and a variety of presently availableon-line chemical analysers and measurement strategies are alsodiscussed.</p><p>A method is described for the continuous fractionation of apaper furnish containing coarse fibres (>10µm) in orderto obtain a sample for analytical purposes (Paper I). Aconsistent sample, containing a representative fraction of thedissolved and colloidal substances (DCS) present in the bulkfurnish, was achieved by preventing cake formation on a filtersurface. A combination of turbulent flow above a membranefilter, while continuously withdrawing a relatively low samplevolume, were key factors in the prevention of filterfouling.</p><p>For the continuous flow-extraction of DCS, a technique isdescribed whereby the extracting solvent was injected at a highvelocity into a continuous flow of analyte (Paper II).Comparison with conventional flow extraction showed anextraction enhancement of up to 9 times for colloidaltriglycerides.</p><p>To achieve a continuous determination of chemicalsubstances, a real-time fully automated colorimetric titrationapparatus was developed (Paper III&IV). This was achievedby using a series of micro-machined mixing channels for thecontinuous flow of analyte, with a sequence of detection unitsand titrant addition points along the flowpath (Paper III). Afuzzy logiccontroller was implemented to continuously adaptfor changes in the sample concentration, providing thepossibility of titrating over two orders of magnitude in sampleconcentration with minimal loss of accuracy (Paper IV).</p><p>Also, a system is presented whereby the filtration apparatus(Paper I) is combined with the titration device (Paper III&IV) in order to continuously determine total charge (orcolloidal charge) of a paper furnish in real-time (Paper V).This was achieved by utilising a back-titration approach andselected examples are presented showing the dynamicinteractions between wood fibres and polyelectrolyte adsorptionat various conditions of pH and polyelectrolyte molecularweight.</p><p>Finally, some suggestions for a more comprehensive wet-endchemical monitoring platform are discussed and the role of thepresent work in evaluated in this context.</p><p><b>Keywords:</b>Chemical monitoring, continuous flowextraction, cross-flow filtration, dissolved and colloidalcomponents, fuzzy-logic control, on-line system, pitchanalysis, polyelectrolyte titration, process control, samplework-up, titrimetric analysis.</p>

The title of the thesis: The Identification of Substances in Real Samples Using Portable Raman Spectrometer The portable Raman spectrometer Ahura First Defender is a device designated for identifying unrecognized solid and liquid substances. The aim of this diploma thesis was to test the efficiency of the portable Raman spectrometer First Defender and to draw up a draft of the methodology for its manipulation. The objects of the investigation were the accuracy of results and collection of findings coming out of measuring tests using the device mentioned above. The introduction part briefly describes problems of chemical monitoring within Fire Rescue Service of the Czech Republic. As a partly solution of the problems could be the use of the portable spectrometer First Defender. Further are described problems of sampling and possibilities of sample detection through means of chemical reconnaissance. As next, there is described the device itself including the principle of Raman effect that allows the device to identify unrecognized solid and liquid chemical substances. The practical part explains the procedure and the way of applied measuring tests when using the device. The results are summarized in charts and the percentage of successful performed tests analyzed in charts. Findings concerning the manipulation with the device, methods for sample modification and the influence of sample matrix on the identification of selected chemicals in observed samples are introduced in the discussion. Professional knowledge and experience were used to draw up guidelines for the identification of substances in real samples conceived as general informational source describing procedures, rules, and recommendations. Upon all outcomes and findings, there was confirmed the hypothesis of greatly beneficial using Raman spectrometer in Fire Protection Units when identifying unknown substances at places of intervention at the end of the thesis.