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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

THE ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF METAL METHYLENE COMPOUNDS, (MCH(2), M = CHROMIUM, MANGANESE, IRON, COBALT, NICKEL, COPPER, ZINC), VIA FTIR MATRIX ISOLATION SPECTROSCOPY (INFRARED)

CHANG, SOU-CHAN January 1987 (has links)
The reactions of atomic metal with diazomethane in cryogenic matrices have been studied using Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy. Chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, and copper atoms were found to react spontaneously with diazomethane in argon matrices to form the simple unligated metal methylene, MCH$\sb 2$, the dinitrogen coordinated metal methylene, N$\sb 2$MCH$\sb 2$, and metal-diazomethane complexes, M(CH$\sb 2$N$\sb 2$). Only the Zn(CH$\sb 2$N$\sb 2)$ complex was spontaneously formed in the zinc reaction. Metal methylene species, isolated as (N$\sb 2$)$\sb{\rm x}$MCH$\sb 2$ where x $\ge$ 1, were also found in nitrogen matrices. The reaction products, especially the metal methylene, were identified and characterized by isotopic studies using carbon-13 enriched, deuterated and partially deuterated diazomethane, and by normal coordinate analysis. Reactions of these matrix isolated species such as oxidative-addition, reductive-elimination, and hydrogen rearrangement can be photolytically induced. Photolysis of most M(CH$\sb 2$N$\sb 2)$ complexes leads to the insertion products, MCH$\sb 2$ and N$\sb 2$MCH$\sb 2$, through a oxidative-addition reaction. ZnCH$\sb 2$ was obtained by irradiating Zn(CH$\sb 2$N$\sb 2)$ with $\lambda\ge$ 500nm. UV photolysis of FeCH$\sb 2$ and ZnCH$\sb 2$ causes a hydrogen migration to occur to form HFeCH and HZnCH, respectively. The metal-carbon stretching force constants shows that $\pi$ bonding in MCH$\sb 2$ and HMCH is significant and indicates metal-carbon double and triple bonds, respectively. MCH$\sb 2$ and N$\sb 2$MCH$\sb 2$ species, except for copper, were found to be reactive toward hydrogenation to form CH$\sb 4$ and M. The isolation of CH$\sb 3$MH and (N$\sb 2$)CH$\sb 3$MH from the reactions with iron and cobalt indicates that hydrogenation occurs first by hydrogenating the M=C bond to form CH$\sb 3$MH /or (N$\sb 2$)CH$\sb 3$MH as an intermediate and then giving CH$\sb 4$ and M via a reductive-elimination reaction. The matrix reactions of various metal methylene with water in argon matrices have also been investigated. Only FeCH$\sb 2$ was found to react with H$\sb 2$O spontaneously. The regiospecific reaction which yields CH$\sb 3$FeOH indicates that the methylene carbon in FeCH$\sb 2$ is nucleophilic.
22

Fluorinated styrene polymers for optical waveguides

Maron, Elizabeth Sara January 2009 (has links)
A series of fluorinated copolymers were prepared and used to fabricate optical waveguides by photolithography. Reproducible syntheses were established for a buffer material, 4-fluoro-styrene-co-pentafluoro-styrene-co-[4-styren-4'-yl-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenylether] (bufTxx), and guiding material, Styrene-co-penta-fluorostyrene-co-[4-styren-4'-yl-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl-ether] (terTxx), as well as their precursors. The polymers were characterized by attenuated total reflection Fourrier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR FT-IR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR), and thermal analyses. Freestanding waveguide structures and multilayer buried waveguide devices were prepared on silicon substrates. The guiding polymer behaved as a negative resist, facilitating photoinitiated lithographic printing. These structures were investigated by optical microscopy, field-emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEG SEM) and prism coupling analysis. A 632 nm HeNe laser was successfully end-coupled to printed waveguide structures from an optical fiber. / Une série de copolymères fluorés a été préparée et employée pour fabriquer des guides d'ondes optiques par photolithographie. Des synthèses reproductibles ont été établies pour un matériel tampon, le 4-fluorostyrène-co-pentafluorostyrène-co-[4-(styrèn-4'-yl)-2,3,5,6-tétrafluorophényléther] (bufTxx), pour le matériel de guidage, du styrène-co-pentafluorostyrène-co-4-(styrèn-4'-yl)-2,3,5,6-tétra-fluoro-phényléther] (terTxx), ainsi que leurs précurseurs. Les polymères ont été caractérisés par spectroscopie infrarouge par transformé de Fourier de type réflexion totale atténué (ATR FT-IR), par chromatographie sur gel perméable (GPC), par spectroscopie de résonance magnétique nucléaire de proton (1H RMN), ainsi que par des analyses thermiques. Des motifs de guides d'ondes indépendants et des dispositifs de guide d'ondes à plusieurs couches ont été préparés sur des substrats de silicium. Le polymère agissant comme guide d'ondes a des propriétés de résistances négatives, facilitant une impression lithographique photoinitiée. Ces motifs ont été étudiés par microscopie optique, par microscopie électronique de balayage utilisant un canon à émission de champ (FEG SEM) et par analyse de couplage par prisme. Un laser de 632 nanomètres (HeNe) a été couplé avec succès aux motifs de guide d'ondes imprimées d'une fibre optique.
23

Modelling of interfaces in emulsion explosives

Villamagna, Fortunato January 1992 (has links)
An energy optimised Tree Branch Methodology was developed to overcome the multiple minima problem in molecular mechanics calculations of acyclic molecules. Target molecules were assembled one heavy atom at a time from small precursors, and the energy minimized after each addition. The number of structures to be minimised was significantly reduced by following the lowest energy path in the Tree Branch Method. Comparison of the calculated configurations to minimum energy structures obtained from complete conformational search is made. / The compression of fatty acid monolayers in Langmuir-Blodgett trough experiments at the air/water interface was modelled using a two dimensional array. The minimum energy configuration of the acids was obtained using the Tree Branch Methodology, and the water coordination number determined by comparison of calculated and experimentally measured dipole moments. The variation in measured dipole moments as the hydrated head group was compressed were explained. / Minimum energy configurations of known surfactant molecules used in the preparation of water-in-oil emulsion explosives were obtained through the Tree Branch Methodology, and the optimised geometries used to calculate structural parameters assuming standard van der Waals radii around each atom. Comparison of the structural parameters to the stability of the emulsions in which the surfactants were used, allowed preliminary structural criteria to be established. Based on the structural criteria, a number of new families of surfactant head group were designed, and preliminary rules for matching head to tail group combinations proposed.
24

Equivalence and nonequivalence of the microcanonical and canonical ensembles : a large deviations study

Touchette, Hugo January 2003 (has links)
This thesis presents an in-depth study of statistical mechanical systems having microcanonical equilibrium properties, i.e., energy-dependent equilibrium properties, which cannot be put in correspondence with their canonical or temperature-dependent equilibrium properties. A general theory of these systems which focuses both on the thermodynamic and macrostate levels of description of systems is presented along the lines of a number of rigorous results derived recently by Ellis, Haven and Turkington (Journal of Statistical Physics, 2000). Several new results are also presented which relate the appearance of nonequivalent microcanonical and canonical properties with first-order (discontinuous) phase transitions and with nonequilibrium properties of systems. / Since the material presented in this thesis dwells on many elements of large deviations theory which are not familiar to physicists, a self-contained introduction to this theory has been included here. The presentation of the theory of nonequivalent microcanonical and canonical properties follows together with explicit computations carried out in the context of two simple spin models: a first original model involving a mixture of completely correlated and completely uncorrelated spins, and another model known as the mean-field Blume-Emery-Griffiths model.
25

The degradation of lignin with nitrous acid.

Kee, Moh-Lian January 1968 (has links)
No description available.
26

Theoretical and experimental investigations of photoresponsive and biomimetic supramolecular materials

Rakotondradany, Felaniaina January 2004 (has links)
A new approach for design and fabrication of new photoresponsive and biomimetic materials is described using theoretical predictions and experimental characterisations. Novel discrete hydrogen-bonded aggregates are formed from photoresponsive azodibenzoic acid building blocks, which can undergo a reversible cis-trans photoisomerisation. In trans-p-azodibenzoic acid, the two carboxylic groups are aligned parallel to each other while, in the cis isomer, they are almost perpendicular. This structural difference between the two isomers leads to different hydrogen-bonded geometries: the trans isomer aggregates linearly whereas its cis counterpart forms cyclic tetramers. Molecular and bulk material characterisation are used to identify a higher-order self-organisation from the cis-isomers, which results in long, unidimensional rod-like structures. / A new understanding of hydrogen-bonded aggregates is developed, where the thermodynamics of azodibenzoic acid self-assembly are identified using vibrational properties, molecular orbital wavefunctions, and density matrix analysis. Quantum mechanical properties of hydrogen-bonded azodibenzoic acids establish the relative stabilities of the self-assembly products, validating the formation of trans-linear tapes and cis-cyclic tetramers. / A molecular modelling strategy is implemented to provide detailed information on packing within cis-azodibenzoic acid rod-like nanostructures. Energy scans determine face-packing as the preferred macrocycle arrangement. Quantum mechanical optimisation of this face-packed structure shows little deviation from predicted molecular models, highlighting the strength of this modelling technique. Electronic properties exhibit significant pi-electron delocalisation throughout the entire arrays, along with a HOMO-LUMO band gap narrowing towards values typical of non-doped, organic semi-conducting materials. / Dicyano-, ditriazene- and diureido-azobenzene derivatives are introduced to design tightly bound supramolecular structures by multiple hydrogen-bonding and metal-coordination. Using geometric arguments, the conservation of recognition site orientations and electronic properties upon substitution allows the use of the trans- and cis-azodibenzoic acids as model monomers for the prediction of self-assembly for these new photoresponsive units. / Finally, new triaminopyrimidine nucleosides are synthesised to generate hydrogen-bonded supramolecular structures from DNA-base analogues. Experimental characterisation shows that hydrogen-bonding of the triaminopyrimidine monomer with barbiturates leads to oligomeric species. Using sterically encumbered cyanuric acid nucleosides dramatically alters the hydrogen-bond self-assembly of these molecules, giving rise to discrete hexameric macrocycles which further associate to form elongated nanostructures.
27

Synthesis of Er3+, Yb3+ - doped hexagonal phase NaYF4 nanoparticles and application to ligand exchange and energy transfer studies

Goel, Vishya January 2012 (has links)
Nanoparticles containing rare earth ions have the ability to absorb and convert infrared light into visible light. The purpose of this work is to synthesize rare earth ion-doped NaYF4 nanoparticles in their most efficient form, the hexagonal phase. These nanoparticles are then used in ligand exchange and energy transfer studies. The synthesis procedure produces gram scale quantities of nanoparticles. Such a scale is important for reproducibility and application of these materials.Oleylamine-capped NaYF4 nanoparticles were synthesized and were doped with 2 % Er3+ and 20 % Yb3+ using a thermal decomposition method. The procedure was optimized in terms of precursor concentration and injection rate. The samples were characterized using photoluminescence spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Photoluminescence spectra were collected using infrared excitation (980 nm).Control of the temperature and injection resulted in 15 nm (diameter) hexagonal phase NaYF4:Er3+,Yb3+ nanoparticles capped with oleylamine. The nanoparticles exhibited bright emission in the red (640 nm) and green (540 nm) portions of the visible spectrum. The surface of the nanoparticles was modified with decanoic acid, dodecanedioic acid, or dodecane sulfonic acid using a ligand exchange reaction. Energy transfer was studied from the oleylamine-capped nanoparticles to the fluorophores Nile Red, 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-t-butyl-6(1,1,7,7-tetramethyljulolidyl-9-enyl)-4H-pyran, and poly(2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene). Successful surface ligand exchange was achieved and the preliminary exploration of upconverting nanoparticles as an energy transfer donor was performed. / Les nanoparticules à base d'ions de terres rares ont la capacité de transformer la lumière infrarouge en lumière visible. Le but de ce travail est de préparer des nanoparticules NaYF4 à base d'ions terres rares sous une forme plus efficace, la phase hexagonale. Les nanoparticules NaYF4 sont utilisées dans des applications d'échange de ligands et de transfert d'énergie. On obtient plus d'un gramme de produit. Cette quantité est essentielle pour la reproductibilité des manipulations et leur application. Les nanoparticules NaYF4 avec 2% Er3+ et 20% Yb3+ ont été préparées par une méthode de décomposition thermique. La méthode de préparation a été optimisée, en modifiant la concentration et la vitesse d'addition des réactifs. Les échantillons ont été caractérisés par spectroscopie de photoluminescence, microscopie électronique à transmission, et diffraction aux rayons X. Les spectres de photoluminescence ont été acquis avec une excitation infrarouge (980 nm). Le contrôle de la température et de la vitesse d'addition des réactifs a donné des nanoparticules NaYF4:Er3+,Yb3+ dans la phase hexagonale, avec des diamètres de 15 nm, enrobées d'oléylamine. Ces nanoparticules émettent dans la région verte (540 nm) et rouge (640 nm) du spectre solaire. La surface des nanoparticules a été modifiée avec l'acide décanoïque, l'acide dodécanédioïque, ou l'acide dodécanesulfonique par une réaction d'échange de ligands. Nous avons étudié le transfert d'énergie des nanoparticles NaYF4:Er3+,Yb3+ aux fluorophores Nile Red, 4-(dicyanométhylène)-2-t-butyl-6(1,1,7,7-tétraméthyljulolidyl-9-ényl)-4H-pyran, et poly(2-méthoxy-5-(2-éthylhéxyloxy)-1,4-phénylène vinylène). L'échange de ligand a été réussite et l'exploration préliminaire du transfert d'énergie se fait présentement.
28

Mechanism of formation of thermally generated potential toxicants in food-related model systems

Perez Locas, Carolina January 2008 (has links)
The detailed mechanism of formation of selected Maillard-induced toxicants generated in model systems containing 13C- and 15N-labeled precursors, were investigated using isotope labeling and Py-GC/MS based techniques. Investigation of different sources of acrylamide (AA) formation in model systems have indicated the presence of two pathways of acrylamide generation; the main pathway specifically involves asparagine to directly produce acrylamide after a sugar-assisted decarboxylation step that passes through a 5-oxazolidinone intermediate and the second, non-specific pathway involves the initial formation of acrylic acid from different sources and its subsequent interaction with ammonia and/or amines to produce acrylamide or its N-alkylated derivatives. Furthermore, to identify the relative importance of AA precursors, the decarboxylated Amadori product (AP ARP) and the corresponding Schiff base were synthesized and their relative abilities to generate AA under dry and wet heating conditions were studied. Under both conditions, the Schiff base had the highest intrinsic ability to be converted into AA. To gain further insight into the decarboxylation step, the amino acid/sugar reactions were also analyzed by FTIR to monitor the formation of the 5-oxazolidinone intermediate known to exhibit a peak in the range of 1770-1810 cm-1. Spectroscopic studies clearly indicated the formation of an intense peak in the indicated range. Similar to acrylamide, mechanism of furan formation was also studied using 13C-labeled sugars and amino acids. These studies have indicated that furan can be formed through aldol condensation of acetaldehyde and glycolaldehyde and these precursors can be formed from certain amino acids, monosaccharides and ascorbic acid. Moreover, using specifically 13C-labeled sucrose at C-1 of the fructose moiety, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) formation was studied at different temperatures. Under dry pyrolytic conditions and at temperatures above 250oC, 90% o / Le mécanisme détaillé de formation de certaines composantes toxiques générées par des précurseurs contenant des isotopes 13C et 15N, fut étudié en utilisant des techniques basées sur les principes d'incorporation d'isotopes lourds avec la pyrolyse couplée à la CG/SM (Py-CG/SM). L'investigation de différentes sources d'acrylamide a indiqué la présence de deux routes de formation; la route principale implique spécifiquement l'asparagine qui produit l'acrylamide directement suite à une décarboxylation par l'entremise des sucres passant par un intermédiaire 5-oxazolidinone, tandis qu'une seconde route non-spécifique implique une formation initiale d'acide acrylique de différentes sources suivie d'une interaction avec une molécule d'ammoniac et/ou d'amines afin de produire l'acrylamide ou ses dérivés. De plus, afin d'identifier l'importance relative des précurseurs de l'acrylamide, le produit Amadori décarboxylé (AP ARP) ainsi que la base Schiff correspondante furent synthétisés et leur habilité relative à générer l'acrylamide après un traitement thermique en milieu sec et aqueux fut étudié. Dans les deux cas, la base Schiff a démontré une habilité de conversion en acrylamide plus importante. Afin d'obtenir un aperçu approfondi de l'étape de décarboxylation, les réactions entre les sucres et les acides aminés furent aussi analysées par l'IR-TF surveillant ainsi la formation de l'oxazolidinone, une composante intermédiaire reconnue par la présence d'un pic entre 1770-1810 cm-1. Les études spectroscopiques démontrent clairement la formation d'un pic intense dans cet écart. Similaire à l'acrylamide, les mécanismes de formation du furane furent aussi étudiés par l'entremise des sucres et acides aminés contenant des isotopes lourds. Ces études ont indiqué que le furane peut être formé par une condensation aldol de l'acétaldéhyde et le glycoaldéhyde et ses précurseurs, par certains acides aminés, des monosacch
29

Template synthesis of metal-modified DNA complexes and applications in the construction of two-and three- dimensional metal-DNA nanostructures

Yang, Hua January 2010 (has links)
Template synthesis of metal-modified DNA complexes and applications in the construction of two- and three-dimensional metal-DNA nanostructures With the development of DNA nanotechnology, different two- and three-dimensional DNA assemblies have been built with precise control. However, most of these assemblies do not have functionalities due to the intrinsic passive nature of DNA molecules. Transition metal complexes can bring a variety of properties such as luminescence, redox, magnetic and catalytic properties to DNA assemblies. This thesis describes templated synthesis methods for the incorporation of transition metal complexes into DNA strands in a site-specific way and their application to build higher-order DNA structures. / This thesis consists of four parts: 1) internal template synthesis of metal diphenyl-phenanthroline DNA duplexes which are highly stable, luminescent and electroactive, and the application of such metal-DNA junctions on the assembly of a dynamic cyclic DNA structure; 2) assembly of metal DNA cages from discrete cyclic structures; 3) using terpyridine and diphenyl phenanthroline modified DNA for the assembly of different coordination environments that are selective for certain metals, and their error-checking ability; 4) external template synthesis of chiral metal DNA junctions with four different single strand arms and its application in building metalated DNA nanotubes. This work in collection gives general simple methods to site-specifically incorporate a variety of metal complexes into one-, two- and three dimensional DNA structures with high efficiency. / La synthèse à «template» pour modifier l'ADN avec des complexes de métaux de transition et son utilité dans la construction de structures métallo-ADN en deux et en trois dimensions Grâce au développement de nanotechnologies basées sur l'ADN, divers assemblages d'ADN dont des structures en 2D, 3D ont été préparées d'une manière précise et contrôlée. La plupart de ces assemblages n'ont aucune fonctionnalité chimique particulière dû à l'aspect passif de la molécule d'ADN. Les complexes constitués de métaux de transition ont pour leur part la capacité de donner les structures d'ADN de propriétés utiles telles que la luminescence, l'électrochimie, le magnétisme et la catalyse. Il est ainsi présenté dans cette thèse des méthodes de synthèse à «template» afin d'inclure des complexes de métaux de transition dans des brins d'ADN et l'utilisation de ces complexes dans la fabrication de structures supramoléculaires. fr / Cette thèse est divisée en quatre parties: 1) la synthèse à patron interne de duplexes d'ADN comprenant des complexes métalliques avec groupement biphényle-phenanthroline, ayant une stabilité exceptionnelle, des propriétés luminescentes et électrochimiques, ainsi que l'utilisation de ces duplexes dans la fabrication d'une structure cyclique, dynamique et contrôlable; 2) la fabrication de cages d'ADN métalliques à partir de structures cycliques d'ADN; 3) l'utilisation d'ADN comprenant des groupements terpyridine ou biphényle-phenanthroline afin de coordiner sélectivement des métaux et corriger les modes de coordination non préférentiels; 4) la synthèse à «template» externe d'une jonction d'ADN métallique chirale possédant quatre brins d'ADN distincts et son utilisation dans la fabrication de nanotubes à base de métaux et d'ADN. Nous proposons ainsi dans cette thèse des méthodes simples, générales et efficaces pour incorporer divers complexes métalliques à des endroits précis dans des structures en 1, 2 et 3 dimensions faites d'ADN. fr
30

k-space image correlation spectroscopy (kICS): accuracy and precision, capabilities and limitations

Schwartzentruber, Jeremy January 2011 (has links)
k-space image correlation spectroscopy (kICS) is a recently developed technique that can be used to measure the transport dynamics and number density of fluorescently labeled molecules in living cells, while being completely unbiased for transport measurements by fluorophore photobleaching or blinking. Whereas the precision of fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and temporal image correlation spectroscopy (TICS) have been investigated in detail, no such study exists for kICS. In this thesis, we present a thorough characterization of the accuracy and precision of kICS for measurements of 2D diffusion over a range of imaging frame rates, spatial dimensions, and particle distributions. We use computer simulations as a primary tool to vary simulated imaging conditions and data analysis parameters, and thereby obtain a statistical description of kICS error.We find that kICS measurements of diffusion are consistently biased low for image regions smaller than ~100 μm2 and we examine two alternative methods for correcting the bias. We also report the surprising discovery that kICS can measure 2D particle diffusion that is at least ten times faster than can be measured with other methods that compute correlations between successive image frames; this is possible because kICS measures long-range correlations that persist after particles have exited the specific volume of the laser focus where they were found in a previous frame. In addition, we show that unlike FCS or TICS, kICS measurements are accurate even when analyzing highly nonuniform particle distributions, as would be found after local release or photoactivation of fluorescently-tagged biological molecules. Finally, we describe a method of estimating the uncertainty from a single kICS measurement of diffusion, which is useful when measurements cannot easily be repeated.We use experimental fluorescence microscopy image series of diffusing microspheres to confirm that bias in kICS depends on the size of the image region analyzed, and we test the two methods of correcting the bias. We also apply kICS to measure the diffusion of membrane biomolecules tagged with blinking quantum dots in living cells, and compare the results with single particle tracking analyses of the same data. / La spectroscopie par corrélation d'images dans l'espace vectoriel (kICS) est une nouvelle technique qui permet de mesurer la dynamique du transport moléculaire ainsi que le nombre de molécules fluorescentes à l'intérieur de cellules vivantes et de leurs membranes. Cette technique présente l'avantage de fournir des mesures de dynamique de transport non biaisées par le photo-blanchiment et le clignotement des fluorophores. Alors que la précision des techniques de spectroscopie de corrélation de fluorescence (FCS) et de spectroscopie par corrélation temporelle d'images (TICS) a déjà été étudiée en détail, aucune étude n'existe concernant la technique kICS. Dans cette thèse, je présente une caractérisation approfondie de l'exactitude et de la précision de kICS sur des mesures de diffusion 2D pour une large plage de fréquences d'acquisition d'image, de tailles d'image et de distributions spatiales du nombre de particules. J'ai principalement utilisé des simulations par ordinateur afin de pouvoir modifier les conditions d'acquisition et d'analyse d'image et ainsi d'obtenir une description statistique des erreurs de kICS.Il ressort de mes analyses que les mesures de diffusions effectuées par kICS donnent des valeurs systématiquement trop faibles lorsque les régions imagées ont une surface de moins de ~100 μm2, j'ai donc étudié deux méthodes alternatives afin de corriger ce biais. J'ai aussi pu constaté que kICS permet de mesurer des diffusions de particules en 2D pour des vitesses au moins dix fois supérieures à celles des diffusions mesurées par des méthodes corrélant des images successives. Ceci est rendu possible par le fait que kICS mesure des corrélations à longue distance qui persistent même lorsque la particule quitte le point focal d'illumination du laser qu'elle occupait lors de la prise de l'image précédente. En outre, je montre que, contrairement à FCS ou TICS, les mesures effectuées par kICS sont exactes y compris lorsque des régions ayant une distribution spatiale de particules fortement hétérogène sont analysées, cas rencontré notamment lors de la libération locale ou la photo-activation de molécules biologiques marquées par un fluorophore. Finalement, je décris une méthode permettant d'estimer l'incertitude de la mesure à partir d'une seule donnée de diffusion obtenue par kICS. Ceci est particulièrement utile par exemple lorsqu'il est difficile de répéter une acquisition.J'ai utilisé des mesures expérimentales de diffusion de microsphères pour confirmer que le biais de kICS dépend bien de la taille de la région analysée et j'ai testé l'efficacité des deux méthodes proposées pour corriger ce biais. J'ai également employé kICS afin de mesurer la diffusion dans des cellules vivantes de biomolécules membranaires marquées par point quantique et j'ai comparé ces résultats avec ceux effectués sur les mêmes images par suivi de particules isolées.

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