Esta pesquisa objetivou enriquecer e purificar, em quimiostatos, consórcios microbianos capazes de oxidar amônia a nitrogênio (\'N IND.2\'), sob condições anaeróbias utilizando como inóculo: (Q1) biomassa de reator nitrificante-desnitrificante de estação de tratamento de água residuária de indústria produtora de aminoácidos (Ajinomoto) e (Q2) lodo granular de reator UASB de abatedouro de aves (Avícola DACAR, TIETÊ). Os inóculos foram enriquecidos em quimiostatos com vazão afluente de 18ml/h de meio basal específico com concentrações médias de 80 mg \'N-NH IND.4\'POT.+\'/L, 75,2 mg \'N-NO IND.2\'POT.-\'/L e 1000 mg/l de bicarbonato como única fonte de carbono. Nos quimiostatos Q1 e Q2 as eficiências médias de remoção foram de 51,6% e 39,3% de amônia e 60,5% e 53,2% de nitrito, respectivamente, após 296 dias de operação. A eficiência média de remoção de nitrogênio total (\'N-NH IND.4\'POT.+\' + \'N-NO IND.2\'POT.-\') foi de 57,1% e 43% após 296 dias de operação, respectivamente para Q1 e Q2. A purificação dos consórcios enriquecidos foi realizada utilizando-se metodologia de gradiente de densidade por centrifugação Percoll. Os consórcios microbianos foram observados por exames microscópicos e a diversidade foi avaliada por DGGE antes e depois da purificação pelo protocolo Percoll. O DGGE revelou mudança na estrutura dos consórcios presentes em Q1 e Q2 no decorrer do período de operação dos quimiostatos. A técnica de hibridação in situ (FISH) com sonda fluorescente (Amx - 368) confirmou a presença de microrganismos anammox nos dois consórcios microbianos. O seqüenciamento do DNA ribossomal 16S de bandas obtidas do gel de DGGE, utilizando-se primers universais para domínio Bacteria, relacionou por árvore de máxima verossimilhança, duas bandas com o grupo das bactérias verdes não-sulfurosas. / This research aimed to enrich and to purify, in chemostats, microbial trusts capable to realize ammonium oxidation to dinitrogen (\'N IND.2\') under anaerobic conditions, using as inoculum: (Q1) biomass from nitrifying-denitrifying reactor of wastewater treatment plant of amino-acids industry (Ajinomoto) and (Q2) granular sludge from upflow anaerobic sludge blanket UASB reactor treating poultry wastes - Avícola DACAR, TIETÊ. The inoculum was enriched in chemostats with affluent flow of 18 ml/h of specific basal media with mean concentrations of 80 mg \'N-NH IND.4\'POT.+\'/L, 75.2 mg \'NO IND.2\'POT.-\'/L and 1000 mg/l of bicarbonate as sole carbon source. In Q1 and Q2 chemostats the mean efficiency of removal were 51.6% and 39.3% of ammonium, and 60.5% and 53.2% of nitrite, respectively, after 296 days of operation. In Q1 and Q2 chemostats, the mean efficiency of total nitrogen removal (\'N-NH IND.4\'POT.+\' + \'NO IND.2\'POT.-\') were 57.1% and 43%, respectively, after 296 days of operation. The purification of enriched microbial trusts was carried following methodology of density gradient by centrifugation (Percoll). The microbial trusts were observed by microscopic analysis and the diversity was evaluated by DGGE, before and after the purification by the Percoll protocol. The DGGE analysis showed changes in microbial trusts structure in Q1 and Q2 in chemostats operation period. The fluorescence in situ hibridization technique (FISH) with Amx-368 probe confirmed the presence of anammox microrganisms in both microbial trusts. The sequencing of recovered bands of DGGE was carried through ribossomal DNA 16S using universal primers for bacteria Domain that related two bands with green nosulphur bacterium using maximum likelyhood tree.

Esta pesquisa objetivou enriquecer e purificar, em quimiostatos, consórcios microbianos capazes de oxidar amônia a nitrogênio (\'N IND.2\'), sob condições anaeróbias utilizando como inóculo: (Q1) biomassa de reator nitrificante-desnitrificante de estação de tratamento de água residuária de indústria produtora de aminoácidos (Ajinomoto) e (Q2) lodo granular de reator UASB de abatedouro de aves (Avícola DACAR, TIETÊ). Os inóculos foram enriquecidos em quimiostatos com vazão afluente de 18ml/h de meio basal específico com concentrações médias de 80 mg \'N-NH IND.4\'POT.+\'/L, 75,2 mg \'N-NO IND.2\'POT.-\'/L e 1000 mg/l de bicarbonato como única fonte de carbono. Nos quimiostatos Q1 e Q2 as eficiências médias de remoção foram de 51,6% e 39,3% de amônia e 60,5% e 53,2% de nitrito, respectivamente, após 296 dias de operação. A eficiência média de remoção de nitrogênio total (\'N-NH IND.4\'POT.+\' + \'N-NO IND.2\'POT.-\') foi de 57,1% e 43% após 296 dias de operação, respectivamente para Q1 e Q2. A purificação dos consórcios enriquecidos foi realizada utilizando-se metodologia de gradiente de densidade por centrifugação Percoll. Os consórcios microbianos foram observados por exames microscópicos e a diversidade foi avaliada por DGGE antes e depois da purificação pelo protocolo Percoll. O DGGE revelou mudança na estrutura dos consórcios presentes em Q1 e Q2 no decorrer do período de operação dos quimiostatos. A técnica de hibridação in situ (FISH) com sonda fluorescente (Amx - 368) confirmou a presença de microrganismos anammox nos dois consórcios microbianos. O seqüenciamento do DNA ribossomal 16S de bandas obtidas do gel de DGGE, utilizando-se primers universais para domínio Bacteria, relacionou por árvore de máxima verossimilhança, duas bandas com o grupo das bactérias verdes não-sulfurosas. / This research aimed to enrich and to purify, in chemostats, microbial trusts capable to realize ammonium oxidation to dinitrogen (\'N IND.2\') under anaerobic conditions, using as inoculum: (Q1) biomass from nitrifying-denitrifying reactor of wastewater treatment plant of amino-acids industry (Ajinomoto) and (Q2) granular sludge from upflow anaerobic sludge blanket UASB reactor treating poultry wastes - Avícola DACAR, TIETÊ. The inoculum was enriched in chemostats with affluent flow of 18 ml/h of specific basal media with mean concentrations of 80 mg \'N-NH IND.4\'POT.+\'/L, 75.2 mg \'NO IND.2\'POT.-\'/L and 1000 mg/l of bicarbonate as sole carbon source. In Q1 and Q2 chemostats the mean efficiency of removal were 51.6% and 39.3% of ammonium, and 60.5% and 53.2% of nitrite, respectively, after 296 days of operation. In Q1 and Q2 chemostats, the mean efficiency of total nitrogen removal (\'N-NH IND.4\'POT.+\' + \'NO IND.2\'POT.-\') were 57.1% and 43%, respectively, after 296 days of operation. The purification of enriched microbial trusts was carried following methodology of density gradient by centrifugation (Percoll). The microbial trusts were observed by microscopic analysis and the diversity was evaluated by DGGE, before and after the purification by the Percoll protocol. The DGGE analysis showed changes in microbial trusts structure in Q1 and Q2 in chemostats operation period. The fluorescence in situ hibridization technique (FISH) with Amx-368 probe confirmed the presence of anammox microrganisms in both microbial trusts. The sequencing of recovered bands of DGGE was carried through ribossomal DNA 16S using universal primers for bacteria Domain that related two bands with green nosulphur bacterium using maximum likelyhood tree.

Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) technology has blossomed into a major new technology fundamentally influencing the sciences of life and nature. From a systemic point of view however, microfluidics is still in its infancy. Here, we present the concept of a microfluidic central processing unit (CPU) which shows remarkable similarities to early electronic Von Neumann microprocessors. It combines both control and execution units and, moreover, the complete power supply on a single chip and introduces the decision-making ability regarding chemical information into fluidic integrated circuits (ICs). As a consequence of this system concept, the ICs process chemical information completely in a self-controlled manner and energetically self-sustaining. The ICs are fabricated by layer-by-layer deposition of several overlapping layers based on different intrinsically active polymers. As examples we present two microchips carrying out long-term monitoring of critical parameters by around-the-clock sampling. / Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.

Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) technology has blossomed into a major new technology fundamentally influencing the sciences of life and nature. From a systemic point of view however, microfluidics is still in its infancy. Here, we present the concept of a microfluidic central processing unit (CPU) which shows remarkable similarities to early electronic Von Neumann microprocessors. It combines both control and execution units and, moreover, the complete power supply on a single chip and introduces the decision-making ability regarding chemical information into fluidic integrated circuits (ICs). As a consequence of this system concept, the ICs process chemical information completely in a self-controlled manner and energetically self-sustaining. The ICs are fabricated by layer-by-layer deposition of several overlapping layers based on different intrinsically active polymers. As examples we present two microchips carrying out long-term monitoring of critical parameters by around-the-clock sampling. / Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.