The practice of displaying young children’s visual artwork in early childhood classrooms poses a number of questions about the child and his or her work. Following Giorgi’s approach to phenomenological research, this thesis focused on children’s lived experiences of art display. 13 children between the ages of 4 and 6 years attending an independent school outside metropolitan Detroit, Michigan (USA) disclosed their experiences of seeing their artwork on display. Dr Boone’s study revealed that, despite clear evidence of children’s strong views, decisions about the display of artwork continue to rest with adults.

Les illustrations ont été retirées de la version numérique pour des raisons de droit d'auteur. / Le présent mémoire de maîtrise porte sur la production artistique du peintre montréalais Léon Bellefleur entre les années 1945 et 1950, analysée sous l’angle du primitivisme. Les œuvres étudiées affichent toutes un style s’apparentant à l’art des enfants, tel que décrit par le philosophe Georges-Henri Luquet dans son ouvrage Le dessin enfantin. Le dessin d’enfant étant considéré comme un « art primitif » au même titre que l’art tribal, l’art paysan et les productions artistiques des malades mentaux, l’artiste qui s’en inspire se rattache conséquemment au primitivisme. Léon Bellefleur ne se consacre pas uniquement à reproduire une esthétique rappelant le dessin d’enfant dans ses œuvres, il tente également de retrouver, par le biais de sa production artistique, l’authenticité qui caractérise l’enfance et les activités qui y sont rattachées. Il examine diverses façons d’atteindre cette authenticité, tout d’abord par la recherche d’une proximité avec l’inconscient et la mémoire collective en expérimentant avec le surréalisme, le primitivisme « tribal » et le rêve. L’artiste tente également de renouer avec son esprit enfantin en explorant l’inclusion du ludique dans l’art, tant dans sa pratique du cadavre exquis que par l’exploitation des jeux et jouets comme thèmes figuratifs. De par son expérimentation avec le jeu et son association avec l’enfance, Bellefleur se distance du monde adulte et par le fait même exprime son opposition à la tradition. / This Master’s thesis focuses on the artistic production of Montreal painter Léon Bellefleur between 1945 and 1950, analyzed in terms of primitivism. The works studied all show a style similar to children's art, as described by philosopher Georges-Henri Luquet in his book Le dessin enfantin. Children's drawing being considered "primitive art", just as tribal art, peasant art and the artistic productions of the mentally ill, an artist who is inspired by them also, consequently, relates to primitivism. Léon Bellefleur is not only dedicated to reproducing an aesthetic reminiscent of children's drawing in his work, he also tries to find, through his artistic production, the authenticity that characterizes childhood and activities that relate to it. He looks for different ways to achieve this authenticity, first by seeking proximity with the unconscious mind and the collective memory by experimenting with surrealism, "tribal" primitivism and the dream. The artist is also trying to reconnect with his childish mind by exploring the inclusion of play in art, both in its practice of “exquisite corpse” and by the use of games and toys as figurative themes. Through his experimentation with games and his association with childhood, Bellefleur distances himself from the adult world and thereby expresses his opposition to tradition.

Le présent mémoire de maîtrise porte sur la production artistique du peintre montréalais Léon Bellefleur entre les années 1945 et 1950, analysée sous l’angle du primitivisme. Les œuvres étudiées affichent toutes un style s’apparentant à l’art des enfants, tel que décrit par le philosophe Georges-Henri Luquet dans son ouvrage Le dessin enfantin. Le dessin d’enfant étant considéré comme un « art primitif » au même titre que l’art tribal, l’art paysan et les productions artistiques des malades mentaux, l’artiste qui s’en inspire se rattache conséquemment au primitivisme. Léon Bellefleur ne se consacre pas uniquement à reproduire une esthétique rappelant le dessin d’enfant dans ses œuvres, il tente également de retrouver, par le biais de sa production artistique, l’authenticité qui caractérise l’enfance et les activités qui y sont rattachées. Il examine diverses façons d’atteindre cette authenticité, tout d’abord par la recherche d’une proximité avec l’inconscient et la mémoire collective en expérimentant avec le surréalisme, le primitivisme « tribal » et le rêve. L’artiste tente également de renouer avec son esprit enfantin en explorant l’inclusion du ludique dans l’art, tant dans sa pratique du cadavre exquis que par l’exploitation des jeux et jouets comme thèmes figuratifs. De par son expérimentation avec le jeu et son association avec l’enfance, Bellefleur se distance du monde adulte et par le fait même exprime son opposition à la tradition. / This Master’s thesis focuses on the artistic production of Montreal painter Léon Bellefleur between 1945 and 1950, analyzed in terms of primitivism. The works studied all show a style similar to children's art, as described by philosopher Georges-Henri Luquet in his book Le dessin enfantin. Children's drawing being considered "primitive art", just as tribal art, peasant art and the artistic productions of the mentally ill, an artist who is inspired by them also, consequently, relates to primitivism. Léon Bellefleur is not only dedicated to reproducing an aesthetic reminiscent of children's drawing in his work, he also tries to find, through his artistic production, the authenticity that characterizes childhood and activities that relate to it. He looks for different ways to achieve this authenticity, first by seeking proximity with the unconscious mind and the collective memory by experimenting with surrealism, "tribal" primitivism and the dream. The artist is also trying to reconnect with his childish mind by exploring the inclusion of play in art, both in its practice of “exquisite corpse” and by the use of games and toys as figurative themes. Through his experimentation with games and his association with childhood, Bellefleur distances himself from the adult world and thereby expresses his opposition to tradition. / Les illustrations ont été retirées de la version numérique pour des raisons de droit d'auteur.

Orientador: Valério José Arantes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T20:31:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Barizon_DeboraFabiane_M.pdf: 25831546 bytes, checksum: 5e3051df3e0bceef14b6f405333c9486 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: O desenho infantil é parte fundamental da atividade mental da criança e constitui-se tanto de aspecto figurativo como narrativo. Embora, todo desenho conte uma história ou parte dela, ainda há falta de clareza sobre a sua dimensão narrativa, pois, as investigações assim como a literatura sobre a temática são escassas. Dessa foram, evidenciou-se a necessidade de estudar a narração gráfica infantil. A partir do referencial teórico do estudioso do desenho infantil George H. Luquet o objetivo deste estudo foi compreender como a criança constrói o seu modelo gráfico-narrativo. Os aspectos cognitivos do sujeito desenhante e de sua narrativa gráfica foram considerados sob uma perspectiva construtivista baseada na epistemologia genética de Jean Piaget. Este estudo se caracteriza como qualitativo e, sobretudo, de natureza exploratória e descritiva. A amostra foi composta por 20 alunos, sendo 10 sujeitos de 7 anos e 10 sujeitos de 9 anos de uma escola da rede municipal de ensino fundamental de uma cidade do interior do Estado de São Paulo. Nas três sessões foram realizadas a entrevista clínica piagetiana com roteiro semiestruturado para a coleta de dados. Na primeira sessão os sujeitos produziram um desenho-história; na segunda fizeram um reconto gráfico após ouvirem uma áudio história e na terceira sessão construíram uma história com um jogo de construção e a reproduziram graficamente. As entrevistas foram analisadas por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo de Bardin (2004) e o desenho infantil passou por uma análise qualitativa. Em ambos os casos, o processo de análise foi desenvolvido com o auxílio do software NVivo 8. Os resultados revelaram que a construção de um modelo gráfico-narrativo envolve processos altamente complexos. Observou-se ainda que a opção da criança por um determinado um tipo de narrativa gráfica está relacionada tanto a aspectos intrínsecos (percepção de continuidade temporal; duração da história; ponto de vista etc.) como a aspectos extrínsecos (modelos culturais; experiências com relatos gráficos no contexto escolar etc.). Espera-se que os resultados deste estudo, possibilitem a elaboração de intervenções pedagógicas para valorização da dimensão narrativa do desenho e produção de narrativas gráficas no contexto da Educação Infantil e nas séries iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. / Abstract: The children's drawing is a fundamental part of the mental activity of the child and is constituted of figurative and narrative aspects. Although, all drawings tell a story or part of it, there is still lack of clarity about its narrative dimension, because the investigations as well as the literature on the subject are scarce. Thus, there was a need to study graphic narration child. From the theoretical framework of children's drawing scholar George H. Luquet the objective of this study was to understand how the child constructs your graphic-narrative model. The cognitive aspects of the subject drawer and his graphic narrative were considered under a constructivist perspective based on Jean Piaget's genetic epistemology. This study characterized as qualitative and, above all, of exploratory and descriptive nature. The sample was composed of 20 students, 10 subjects of 7 years and 10 subject of 9 years of a school of elementary schools in a city in the State of São Paulo in Brazil. In three sessions were conducted clinical interview with script semi-structured to collect data.At the first session the subject produced a drawing-history; on second session made a graphic recounting after hearing an audio- history and in the third session after built one history with a construction play reproduced it graphically. The interviews were analyzed using content analysis technique of Bardin (2004) and the children's drawing underwent a qualitative analysis. The results revealed that the construction of a graphic-narrative model involves highly complex processes. It was observed that the choice of the child for a certain kind of graphic narrative is related both to intrinsic aspects (perception of temporal continuity; duration of history; point of view etc.) as the extrinsic aspects (cultural models; experiences with narrative graphic in the school context etc.). It is expected that the results of this study, allow the development of pedagogical interventions for recovery of the narrative dimension drawing and production of graphic narratives in the context of kindergarten and early grades of elementary school. / Mestrado / Psicologia Educacional / Mestra em Educação