Thesis--University of Southern California. / Includes bibliographical references.

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Facing the death of a loved one is often a traumatic experience; when the deceased is one's own child, the loss may be the most stressful event of one's life. There has been very little research into the phenomenon of being a bereaved parent. This study is a phenomenological investigation into the lived experience of being a bereaved parent and whether resilience or recovery plays a role in how parents move through and eventually past such a loss to continue with their own lives. Previous research has indicated that adjustment to traumatic experiences can take multiple pathways or trajectories, depending on a variety of factors within the individual coping with the stressful event. This study involved an investigation into these pathways through the lived experiences of those who suffered the loss of a child, in an effort to determine whether resilience or recovery influenced a parent's ability to survive the death. Ten bereaved parents were interviewed to learn whether resilience or recovery affected their ability to cope and function in a healthy way despite the loss. These interviews were analyzed to determine whether there were common themes among unrelated bereaved parents, and whether they resonated with the concept of resilience or that of recovery. The results of this study indicated resilience to be a healthier method of adjustment for bereaved parents, with recovery being an almost offensive concept for those who participated. These results allow for a greater understanding of the lived experience of being a bereaved parent, as well as instruct those in helping professions in how best to serve bereaved parents who need to adapt to new lives that now proceed without the beloved child.

Background: Several studies have reported socioeconomic, socio-demographic factors, including violence against women to be associated with depression among women, but knowledge in the area among women living under extreme poverty in developing countries remains scarce. Relationship between intimate partner violence and women’s literacy in societies where violence is normative is complex, there are only limited data describing this difference in the distribution of violence exposure by residency and literacy. Few studies have addressed consequences of maternal depression and experiencing violence among women on children’s survival. Objective: The aim of this thesis is to determine prevalence of depressive episode and examine its association with violence by intimate partner and socioeconomic status It also assesses contribution of residency and literacy of women on vulnerability to physical violence by intimate partner, and independent effect of intimate partner violence and maternal depression on the risk of child death in rural Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was undertaken among 3016 randomly selected women in the age group between 15-49 years conducted from January to December 2002. A cohort study was done through following up women who gave birth to a live child within a year of the survey, in rural Ethiopia. Analysis was made using all the 3016 women, 1994 of the married women and 561 of women who gave birth within a year of the data collection time. Cases of depression were identified using the Amharic version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, experience of physical, sexual and emotional violence by intimate partner was made using the WHO multi-country study on women’s life events, and child death was measured by continuous demographic surveillance data from the Butajira Rural Health Program. Result: The twelve-month prevalence of depression was estimated to be 4.4%. In the analyses being currently married, divorced and widowed women, living in rural villages, having frequent khat chewing habit, having seasonal job and living in extreme poverty were factors independently associated with depression. Similarly, among the married women, experiencing physical violence, childhood sexual abuse, emotional violence and spousal control were factors independently associated with depressive episode. Women in the overall study area had beliefs and norms permissive towards violence against women. Violence against women was more prevalent in rural communities, in particular, among rural literate women and rural women who married a literate spouse. In this study, maternal depression was associated with under five child death. Although no association was seen between experiencing violence and child death, the risk of child death increases when maternal depression is combined with physical and emotional violence. Conclusion: Prevalence of depression among women was still in the lower range as compared to studies from high-income countries. Though depression is associated with socio-demographic factors and extreme poverty, the association is complex. The high prevalence of violence against women could be a contributing factor for preponderance of depression among women than in men. Urbanization and literacy are thought to promote changes in attitudes and norms against intimate partner violence. However, literacy within rural community might expose women to the higher risk of violence. Improving awareness of clinicians and public health workers on the devastating consequences of violence against women and depression is essential in order to identify and take measure when violence and maternal depression co-occurred.

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京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第24201号 / 医博第4895号 / 新制||医||1061(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 西浦 博, 教授 森田 智視, 教授 松村 由美 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

abstract: Filicide, the killing of a child by a parent, is the focus of this meta-study. In the United States, the total number of nonaccidental deaths of children at the hands of a parent is unknown. Five children a day under the age of five die from fatal abuse and neglect (U.S. Advisory Board on Child Abuse and Neglect, 1995). This number is a conservative estimate and does not include children kill by means other than abuse and neglect. Regardless of the number, this author views each filicide as a sentinel event for the United States and the world. A sentinel event is an unexpected occurrence involving death and signals the need for immediate investigation and response. The perspectives of social constructionism and role theory frame this meta-study. The author explored six questions of the extant filicide research: What is the research knowledge on filicide? How is filicide constructed in the research discourse and what is the context of this research? Is filicide constructed as a social problem? Can the use of role theory advance our understanding of filicide? Are there common themes in the filicide research findings? Is there disagreement in the research? What is missing, assumed, or overlooked in the research? The sample consisted of 66 international studies of parents (i.e., genetic, step, foster, person in role of parent) who killed their child(ren) from 1969 to 2009. Major findings include "meta-categories" of filicide research, risk factors, salient themes, and new conceptualization of filicide based on role theory. Individual, social, and structural variables to identify and prevent filicide are presented. An outline for educating practitioners and a tool for screening families for filicide risk are offered / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Social Work 2011

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Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 2010.

The topic of my diploma thesis is the issue of nursing care in pediatric pati- ents before consumption of organs at the resuscitation department. I consider this topic socially very topical because the number of transplant candidates on transplantation lists is constantly increasing. Since child transplant can- didates are the most vulnerable group, I have focused on child organ donors. The theoretical part criticizes the concept of death and threat, including examination methods that lead to brain death. I present the activities of the Coordination Center of the Transplant and Coordinated Coordinator in a donor program that seeks to proliferate the transplant program. An important component is legal legislation and ethical aspects, which are an integral part of the donor system in the Czech Republic. Study materials I searched in the databases NLK, SVKKL, Medvik, Embase, PubMed, Wiley Online Library, Medscape. The research was conducted from the National Medical Library and from the Central Bohemian Library in Kladno. I got statistical data from web sources, especially from KST. Methodology: The choice of the case study best fulfills the requirements necessary to map the key moments of nursing care, which may play a role in the timely indication of a potential organ donor, as well as in considering...