Seasonal patterns of weight and length velocities were explored in a group of fifty-five preschoolers. The study was conducted in Tucson, a city of the southwestern state of Arizona, during the period 1986 to 1988. Anthropometric data (weight, length and arm circumference) were collected prospectively over a 10 month period using a mixed longitudinal design. Anthropometric measurements were taken monthly within seven days of date of birth. In addition, food intake records for three days a month and semimonthly morbidity records were collected by daily maternal or caretaker's calendar recordings. Temperature and sunlight records were gathered from climatological data archived by the United States Department of Commerce. Descriptive statistics, analysis of covariance and periodic regression methods were used to analyze the data. Weight and length-for-age were comparable at all ages to the NCHS (National Center for Health Statistics) reference population. Periodic regression models revealed a significant seasonal pattern in length velocity. Weight velocity did not show any seasonal pattern. Respiratory illness, diarrheal disease and otitis media showed seasonal patterns, with higher prevalence of respiratory illness and otitis media in winter and diarrheal illness in summer. Analysis of covariance models also showed significant seasonal patterns of respiratory and diarrheal illnesses. Only diarrheal illness was significantly and negatively associated with weight velocity. Similar analyses showed no seasonal patterns in nutrient intakes. When periodic regression models were used to predict nutrient intakes, only vitamin C intake showed a seasonal pattern. Hours of sunlight did not influence seasonal pattern of length velocity. Environmental temperature had a significant influence on the seasonal pattern of length velocity, but not on weight velocity. The lack of a modifying effect of sunlight on length velocity might be related to lower month to month variation. Neither respiratory and diarrheal illnesses nor nutrient intakes contributed significantly to the seasonal patterns of weight and length velocity.

Orientador: Cláudio Antonio Rabello Coelho / Resumo: CARAMORI, 1996 realizou um trabalho, em nosso Laboratório Experimental de Pediatria, avaliando diferentes momentos de desmame e diferentes momentos de ligadura do colédoco. Como resultado desta pesquisa o autor pode concluir que parece ser crítico para o crescimento do animal (ratos), o nível de lipídios aproveitados no período dos 21 aos 28 dias de vida. A partir desta hipótese nos propomos a estudar o assunto, fazer esta revisão na literatura e a realização do trabalho experimental. O objetivo desse trabalho é testar diferentes dietas no período de 21 aos 28 dias de vida em ratos e avaliar as repercussões sobre o crescimento posterior. Estudaram-se 40 ratos machos, divididos em grupos de 10 animais, dos 21 aos 28 dias e submetidos a uma das seguintes dietas: G1-aleitamento materno; G2: ração padrão do laboratório ad libitum; G3: ração padrão em quantidade igual à metade da ingerida pelo G2; G4: ração sem lipídeos. Dos 28 aos 70 dias todos os animais receberam ração padrão. As análises de variância com um fator, ou análise de Kruskal-Wallis, comparação múltipla e o teste de S.N.K p ≤ 0,05: mostraram que o grupo com restrição calórica (G3) foi o grupo que obteve maior crescimento ao final do processo, H=16,373, p≤0,001 e CVAC menor do que o G2, F=9,653; p≤ 0,00. A restrição lipídica no período dos 21 aos 28 dias de idade associouse a menor peso fresco do coração. Não demonstramos diferença entre as dietas sobre o conteúdo de água e gordura do coração. O aleitamento materno no período dos 21 aos 28 dias de idade apresentou peso fresco do fígado menor do que a ração padronizada. A restrição lipídica no período dos 21 aos 28 dias de idade apresentou maior conteúdo de água do que a ração padronizada. Não demonstramos diferença entre as dietas sobre o conteúdo de gordura do fígado. / Abstract: Caramori, 1996 relized one label, in our Pediatry Experiment Laboratory, avaliating differents moments of weaning and differentes moments of double ligature and resection of common bile duct. How result of this work, the author cans to conclude that appear to be critic to the animal's growing (rats), the level of lipidic profit in the period by the 21 at 28 days of life. By the way of these hypothesis we propose to study the object, to make this revision in the literature and the realization of experiment work. The objective of this work is to test differents diets in the period by the 21 at 28 days of live in rats and to avalue the repercutions about the growing posterior. Studies 40 male rats, divided in group of 10 animals, by the 21 at 28 days submitted to one of the following diets: G1: breast feeding; G2: standard ration of Laboratory "ad libitum"; G3: standard ration in quantity same at middle of ingested to the G2; G4: ration without lipidic. By the 29 aos 70 days all the animals received standard ration. The analyses of variancy with one factor, or analyses of Kruskal-Wallis, comparation multipe and the test of S.N.K p ≤ 0,05: shoned that the group with restriction caloric(G3) was the group that obtained bigger growing at the final of process, H=16,373, p≤ 0,001 e CVAC less than the G2, F=9,653; p≤0,001. The restriction lipidic in period of the 21 at 28 days of age associated the less fresh weight of heart. Don't showed difference between the diets about the contents of water and heart's fat. The breast feeding in the period by the 21 at 28 days of age presented fresh weight of liver less than the standard ration. The lipidic restriction in the period of 21 at 28 days of age presented bigger contents of water than the standard ration. Don't showed difference between the diets about the contents of liver's fat. / Mestre

Using data from the Leicestershire Growth Study, which was established in 1981, this thesis sets out to evaluate the growth of children in Leicestershire and to highlight any differences which may exist between those children indigenous to Great Britain and those whose families have emigrated from the subcontinent of India. The latter population can be subdivided further, i.e. peoples from the countries of India, Bangladesh and Pakistan, the first group primarily, having either migrated from India directly to this country or having spent an interim period in East Africa, and into adherents of the Muslim, Hindu or Sikh faiths. Seven anthropometric parameters, selected to represent skeletal and soft tissue components of the body, and whose dimensions reflect best the changing patterns of growth with age and environmental factors, were measured on 3775 children aged from 3-10 years inclusive. There are distinct anthropometric differences between the indigenous population and that from the Indian subcontinent, with the indigenous population having greater skeletal dimensions, e.g. stature, head circumference, and differences in body composition, reflected in greater weight. These ethnic differences appear to have been exacerbated by religious factors which impinge upon both genotype and phenotype by imposition of their respective individual cultures:, involving such factors as dietary intake and marriage customs, resulting in the Indian Sikh children resembling more closely the indigenous population than do the Hindus and Muslims. Other environmental factors such as length of time of residence in this country, or period of time spent in East Africa appear to have had some impact upon growth, since the Indians in Leicestershire are taller and heavier than their counterparts still resident in India. Finally, it is recommended that some of the growth charts in current use in Great Britain be modified for use with certain groups of children from the Indian subcontinent.

No description available.

published_or_final_version / Education / Master / Master of Education

Weight velocity of 34 Egyptian infants aged two to thirteen months was examined before, during, and after 43 diarrheal episodes. The study was conducted in Bolaq El Dakrour, a poor neighborhood in metropolitan Cairo, during the summer of 1990. Weight measurements, food intake, morbidity, and socio-demographic-economic-sanitary data were collected. Diarrhea was reported according to mothers' definitions. A local reference population was constructed based on the criteria that: infants were from the same neighborhood, of the same age and sex, and were reported diarrhea-free when study infants were reported sick. Weight velocity during diarrheal episodes was 16 g/d lower than before illness and 15 g/d lower than reference infants. One-month post-illness weight velocity was similar to pre-illness weight velocity, with no evidence of catch-up growth. Illness severity indices, namely the number of symptoms or illnesses experienced, number of stools/day, and presence of blood in stool were strong predictors of velocity during and one-month post-illness. Breastfeeding had a positive influence on weight velocity during illness. Consumption of rice, macaroni and vegetables was negatively associated with weight velocity during and one month after illness. Weight gain in the month following the episode was positively associated with a higher level of formal education and occupation of fathers, negatively with the presence of adults above 50 years of age in the household, and a greater age difference between the parents. Percent of time sick with fever had a negative impact on long-term weight velocity. Thus in this population, the effect of diarrhea on weight gain velocity is transient, catch-up growth does not occur, and infants fed solid food suffer the most weight loss. Thus, it is possible that effective nutritional intervention will reduce growth faltering.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether a systematic program for the development of self concept in young children would produce measurable changes toward positive self concept. The intent was to identify and to assess the alteration of children's perceptions of themselves during a controlled attempt to provide opportunities within an open classroom environment to enhance self concept of young children.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.