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Thesis (BTech (Surface Design))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2010 / This research is inspired by my own personal experience and views on Post Modem family life and the negative effects it can have on a growing individual. I have found Post Modem family life fractured and non-communicative. I then look at my own tactics of how I have personally dealt with the fractured state and how this can benefit children that are at the beginning fazes of their emotional, physical and mental development. Growing up communication and consistency in my family has always been lacking, due to my parents business trips and strange working hours. This made me detached socially as a child and left me to my own devices. My coping mechanism was to illustrate. Whenever I felt disconnected or alone from my family members I illustrated. While illustrating I formed a dialogue between me and the paper and suddenly I did not feel so alone. When reflecting on my life I realized that I do not want other children to resort to these lonely pastimes of placing their imagination on paper. I want to create a range of products where the emphasis is on how family should stick together and the products must form a natural platform for communication between child and parent. I also feel my products must stimulate the imagination which is linked to the right side of the brain that steers social and emotional development. Theorists that I will for my research is Maria Montessori, she was the creator and founder of Montessori Schools and teachings. She focussed on the holistic development of the child. Rudolf Steiner is the creator and founder of the Wahldorf Schule and teachings. He believed in developing children imagination. We live in the Post-Modem era and to solidify that I will look at Jean-Francois Lyotard's theories on Post Modem sociology. Vygotsky is a Child development psychologist who believed that children's social development happens by interacting with their parents. Roger Sperry is a Brain Dominance Theorist that believed that the right side of the brain is connected to social development and to stimulate the right side is by using your imagination.

Orientadores: Andre Moreno Morcillo, Sofia Helena Valente de Lemos Marini / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T15:30:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulino_MariaFernandaVantiMacedo_M.pdf: 4248055 bytes, checksum: 4a647b5ad30984e118f43c7235cea7e5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Objetivos: Avaliar o crescimento e a composição corporal de diabéticos tipo 1, pré-púberes, em relação à idade de início e tempo da doença, sexo, dose de insulina e hemoglobina glicada média. Pacientes e métodos: Foram incluídas no estudo 59 crianças diabéticas (30M; 29F), 1,2 - 11,5 anos, e 67 controles (36M; 31F), 1,2 - 11,7 anos. Peso, altura, IMC, áreas de massa gorda e muscular braquial foram determinados e transformados em escore z. Perímetro braquial e pregas cutâneas foram medidas e somatória de três e quatro dobras foram calculadas. Resultados: Verificou-se que entre os diabéticos a média de escore z de altura foi -0,13 (± 0,97) enquanto no grupo controle foi 0,28 (±0,86) (p=0,013). A diferença entre os escores de altura inicial e atual mostrou perda estatural (p<0,001) e a análise multivariada demonstrou associação com tempo de doença. Também observou-se diferença na prega cutânea tricipital, soma de 4 dobras e área de gordura braquial. As médias de escore z de peso, IMC, soma de 3 dobras e área muscular braquial não diferiram entre os grupos. Conclusões: as crianças diabéticas apresentaram perda de estatura durante o período de acompanhamento e eram significativamente mais baixas que os controles, embora suas alturas ainda estivessem dentro dos padrões de normalidade. Também mostraram área de gordura braquial aumentada em relação aos controles, e esta diferença parece ser devida à prega cutânea tricipital superestimada em razão da hipertrofia local induzida pela insulina / Abstract: Objective: to evaluate the growth and body composition of pre-pubertal diabetic children, and to check for influence of the age of diabetes onset and length, sex, insulin requirement and glycosylated hemoglobin. Patients and methods: 59 diabetic children (39M; 29F), age 1,2-11,5 years, and 67 controls (36M; 31F), age 1,2-11,7 years, were included. Weight, height, body mass index (BMI), fat mass and muscle areas were evaluated and transformed into standard deviation scores (SDS). Arm circumference and skinfolds thickness were measured and addition of 3 and 4 skinfolds were calculated. Results: among the diabetic children the mean height SDS was -0,13 (±0,97) while in the control group it was 0,28 (±0,86) (p=0,013). The difference between the first and the current height SDS showed that height SDS decreased significantly (p<0,001) and, multiple regression analysis indicated correlation with the duration of the disease. The triceps skinfold, the sum of 4 skinfolds measurements and the mean arm fat SDS also revealed differences. The means for weight, BMI, sum of 3 skinfolds measurements and muscle mass did not demonstrate difference between the groups. Conclusions: diabetic children showed reduction of height SDS during the period studied and they were significantly shorter than the controls, even though their statures were within the population standards. The arm fat area also showed to be increased when compared with controls, and this difference seems to be correlated to the overestimated triceps skinfold due the lipohypertrophy induced by insulin / Mestrado / Saude da Criança e do Adolescente / Mestre em Saude da Criança e do Adolescente

Body composition changes drastically in both males and females during the adolescent years. The changes may have a negative effect on their physical health as well as psychological well-being, with respect to attributes such as self-efficacy. Being either overweight or obese during adolescence has social, economic and psychological consequences, which include low self-efficacy. However, very few international studies and not a single South African study could be found which measured the relationship of anthropometric body composition components, general self-efficacy levels and actual measured body size among adolescents, particularly among rural adolescents. Consequently, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between anthropometric body composition components and self efficacy, by conducting a comparison of self-efficacy levels among normal, overweight and obese 12 to 14-year-old rural adolescents in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The sample consisted of boys (n=49) and girls (n=43) between the ages of 12 and 14 years. The body composition components were body weight, stature, body mass index, sum of 3 skinfolds, percentage body fat and hip-to-waist ratio. The sample was also classified into normal, overweight and obese groups, according to body mass index. A self-administered Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for Children (SEQ-C) which was developed by Muris (2001) was used to measure general self-efficacy. Data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics, the Pearson correlation matrix and Cohen's effect size for significance (Cohen, 1992) and a Mann-Whitney U Test was used to determine statistical differences. Significance was set at p<0.05. Only 17 percent of the participants in the research sample were found to be overweight or obese. Only emotional self-efficacy showed significant (p=0.02) differences between the participants who were classified as having normal weights and the group which comprised the overweight and the obese groups. Overweight and obese boys and girls still had very high levels of self-efficacy, although their body mass index scores were high. Boys scored higher in social self-efficacy and girls in academic self-efficacy. Only girls presented significantly high correlations between body mass index and emotional self-efficacy (r=0.33, p=0.02), total self-efficacy and hip-to-waist ratio (r=0.44, p=0.00), social self-efficacy and hip-towaist ratio (r=0.39, p=0.01) and emotional self-efficacy and hip-to-waist ratio (r=0.33, p=0.02), while boys presented them only with respect to body weight (r=0.31, p=0.02) and stature (r=0.39, p=0.00). The results suggest that a positive relationship exists between body composition, in terms of hip-to-waist ratio, weight and stature, and self-efficacy among South African rural adolescents. However, girls presented significantly strong and positive correlations between hip-to-waist ratio and self-efficacy, whereas boys presented significant, strong and positive correlations between body weight, stature and self-efficacy. Only emotional self-efficacy showed significant differences between normal weight and overweight or obese South African rural adolescents. It seems likely that cultural beliefs may exert an influence on the psychosocial perceptions of adolescents in relation to body size, consequently affecting self efficacy levels.

It is hypothesized in this study that children reared with "concerned" mothers (N) will display significantly superior intellectual performance and less neurological impairment as compared with children reared with neglectful mothers (MN) and children diagnosed as failure to thrive (FTT, falling below the third percentile in height and weight). The FTT children will show significantly more deficits than both N and MN groups. The participants in this study were forty-five children rigidly matched on all possible variables. F-tests and Newman-Keuls' analyses reveal severe intellectual deficits in both MN and FTT groups. The FTT group displayed significantly more neurological deficits lending support for a nutritional basis of this syndrome as opposed to the traditional psychogenic explanation.

Thesis (M. Sc. (Statistics)) -- University of Limpopo, 2018 / TheEllisrasLongitudinalStudy(ELS)openedthepossibilitiesforunderstandingthegrowthvariationsamongchildreninruralSouthAfrica. Theaimofthe study was to analyse the growth spurt in height and weight of children using the ELS. This is part of the on going ELS and this study followed secondary analytical longitudinal study using data collected from November 1996 to November 2003. All children underwent a series of anthropometric measurements of height and weight according to the standard procedures recommended by the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry. The descriptive statistics was done for age, height, weight, velocity and acceleration by gender amongst rural children in Ellisras. Thelinearmixedmodelwasusedto analyse data. Based on the smallest values of AIC and BIC, the best model to fit the ELS data which was found to be the unstructured covariance structure model was chosen. The interaction between age and gender, which was significant at 5% level suggested that the relationship of age with growth varies depending on gender. There was also a significant positive linear relationship of age with distance. The onset of growth spurt for rural children in Ellisras was at 12.05 years for boys and at 12.32 years for girls, while the Senegalese boys took off earlier at 11.02 years. Ellisras rural boys and USA boys had their onset of growth spurt almost at the same age at 13 years for USA boys and 12.05 years for Ellisras rural boys. USA girls had their onset of growth spurt earlier at 11 years than Ellisras rural girls at 12.32 years. Newcastle upon Tyne adolescents reached ii their PHV at 14 and 12 years for boys and girls respectively, similarly with Ellisras rural children at 14.21 and 11.80 years for boys and girls respectively. Ellisras rural girls had their PHV at 11.80 years earlier than Ellisras rural boys at 14.21 years. Children in rural Ellisras in the ELS and their growth variations do not differ that much compared with other children across the world. Key words: Growth spurt, peak height velocity, boys, girls. / National Research Foundation (NRF)

published_or_final_version / Medicine / Master / Master of Research in Medicine

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 111-127).

Orientador: Antonio de Azevedo Barros Filho / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T15:00:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bernardi_JuliaLauraDelbue_D.pdf: 3614170 bytes, checksum: f0a99b733b3501c4c65c825196a3ac73 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: O presente estudo verificou a prevalência do aleitamento materno, a idade mediana de introdução de alimentos complementares e o crescimento de crianças menores de dois anos, correlacionados às características sócio-econômicas, de moradores da cidade de Campinas, São Paulo. Entre os anos de 2004 e 2005 de forma ininterrupta, 2857 lactentes foram sorteados do banco de dados da Declaração de Nascidos Vivos (SINASC), cujas mães responderam, em seu domicílio, a um questionário estruturado para obter informações sobre condições sócio-econômicas da família, amamentação, alimentação complementar e crescimento de seu filho. A entrevista teve duração aproximada de uma hora e ao final, foram aferidos o peso e o comprimento da criança. A mediana encontrada para o aleitamento materno exclusivo foi de 90 dias e para o aleitamento materno predominante e geral 120 dias, respectivamente. Com um mês, 66,2% dos lactentes estavam mamando exclusivamente, índice que baixou para 21,2% aos quatro meses e para 2,3% aos seis meses. Os lactentes de cor de pele branca foram amamentados por mais tempo do que os de pele negra/parda (p<0,001). A introdução mediana dos alimentos complementares mostrou-se precoce para líquidos e guloseimas, adequada para alimentos sólidos e semisólidos e tardia para ovos. O crescimento ponderal e linear revelou adequado padrão quando comparado à referência recomendada pela OMS (WHO 2006). Aproximadamente 67% das crianças eram eutróficas para peso e comprimento, com leve aumento para excesso de peso (6,7%) em relação à desnutrição (2,3%). Os meninos de mães desempregadas apresentaram menor peso que os de mães com profissão de nível técnico. As meninas de mães com profissões relacionadas à área da saúde, apresentaram menor comprimento do que as de profissões técnicas, em relação ao aleitamento predominante. O presente estudo revelou que, embora o tempo do aleitamento materno esteja aquém dos padrões recomendados, ainda é maior que a média nacional. No entanto, há precocidade na introdução dos alimentos que completam a dieta dos lactentes, principalmente de líquidos e guloseimas, embora estas características não estejam interferindo no padrão de crescimento / Abstract: The current survey verified the prevalence of breastfeeding, the median for introduction of complementary foods and the growth of infants less than two years of age, associated with the socioeconomic status in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. During 2004 and 2005, 2857 mothers of infants of a randomized sample, based on data of ¿Declaration of Born Alive¿, were interviewed in order to obtain information on socioeconomic status, practice of breastfeeding, introduction of complementary foods, growth and diseases. The interviews lasted one hour approximately and weight and length of newborns were measured. The median of exclusive breastfeeding (EB) was 90 days and for the predominant breastfeeding (PB) and for full breastfeeding (FB) was 120 days. At 1 month, 66,2% of infants were exclusively brestfed; at 4 months and 6 months these percentages decreased to 21,2% and 2,3% , respectively. The white skin newborns were breastfed longer than the black skin newborns. The median for the introduction of complementary foods presented early introduction of liquids and candies, adequate for salted semi-solid and solid foods and later for eggs. The ponderal and linear growth showed adequate patterns when compared to international recommendation, with approximately 67% of newborns at the percentiles of eutrophia for weight and length, with a low increase to overweight (6,7%) in relation to malnutrition (2,3%). In relation to maternal occupation, males of unemployed mothers presented a lower weight when compared to mothers of a technical level. The females of mothers of health occupation presented lower length when compared to mothers of a technical level or low schooling in relation to exclusive breastfeeding. The current survey showed the median of the breastfeeding duration in Campinas is not adequate when compared to the international recommendation, but it is better than others places of Brazil. Campinas presented early introduction of complementary foods in the dietary intakes of the infants, principally liquids and candies, although these factors did not interfere at the growth / Doutorado / Pediatria / Doutor em Saude da Criança e do Adolescente