外力一直是左右着民國警察發展的主要因素。礙於海外專業訓練的龐大投資，政府和警政精英會因國家對外關係的變化，因應局勢演變而帶有不同的仿習偏好和傾向。這些精英從外引進歐美新知和先進科技，進而於其所屬的專業群體發表己見。而濃厚的改革氣氛更促進警務從業者對警學的廣泛討論和研究，並益於中國警政戰後重整。警察改革以中國現代化和中央集權為最終的政治目標。國民政府亦然，主張建設一個強大及文明的「現代」中國。故此，除日益繁重的警政事務以外，警察更礙於其角色的模糊理解，往往兼負起其他行政及軍事相關職能，以滿足現代國家的衍生需求。警察的角色衝突更因而觸發起後續的派系鬥爭，也為長期困擾着警政發展的癥結所在。本文以1928年至1949年間民國警政改革為研究對象，通過探討時人對警察不同的政治及專業理解，再而理解警政改革長期於中國急速成長的氛圍下停滯不前的現象。研究所得非但針對警政機構於中國未來所擔當的職能，更嘗指出政治手段何以推動警政統一而又忘卻探索「現代警察」本質的原念。External influence was the major factor which influenced the development of police reforms in Republican China. Following the dynamic changes on diplomacy,both of the Chinese government and police elites had different preferences on their professional studies overseas. The intellectuals brought foreign knowledge and technical skills and thereafter expressed their own ideas in their affiliated parties and communities. Therefore, the reformative atmosphere catalysed wide discussions and benefited the subsequent police reforms throughout the wartime and post-war period in China.Police reforms were always an instrument to reach the ultimate goals of modernization and centralization in the Republican China. Nanking Government also took the missions, and reformed China as a powerful and civilized country in the "modern world". Aside from the stronger demands on policing, they intended to assign policemen with extra duties because of their ambiguous understandings on the "modern police". The role-conflicts triggered the timely power struggles, as well as the crux that troubled Chinese policemen throughout the twentieth century.This thesis studies the police reform in the Republican China between 1928 and 1949. It specifically discusses the variety of professional and politicalunderstandings on policing and therefore examines the disappointed results of police reform amidst the rapid growth in Chinese modernization. More than imagine the future police force in their "modernizing state", the findings highlighted how the political means fulfilled their ambition on unification with the police functions but failed to search for the original belief of the police.

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The purpose of this study is fourfold: to show why and how Communism is emerging in China; to explain the special characteristics of the Chinese Communists and their tactics; to indicate the effect of Communism on the people of China; and to attempt an analysis of the attitude the Chinese Communists manifest toward the United States and Russia. Special emphasis will be laid upon the conflict between the Kuomintang (Nationalists) led by Chiang K'aishek and the Communists led by Mao Tze-Tung.

A historical study of Chinese garments for selected periods and the influences of these costumes on dress in other cultures was designed to gain some understanding of the role clothing played as reflected in selected historical periods in China and the characteristics of the Chinese people. This was also to observe the influence that the Chinese exerted on other nations as revealed in costume. Little information can be found pertaining to the subject. The researcher conducted this study by visiting various museums, reviewing related books and studying reprints of historical art products. The researcher found the immediate effect of historical events and people's typical characteristics fully displayed in costume. The historical Chinese costume has been classified inte four periods in their distinctive silhouettes. Historical Chinese inspiration was found to be evident in current costume of Vietnam, Korea, Japan and the United States of America. Thirty-eight illustrations on costumes have been included in this study. / Master of Science

published_or_final_version / Law / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Chinese Historical Studies / Master / Master of Arts

published_or_final_version / Chinese Historical Studies / Master / Master of Arts

abstract / Humanities / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Business / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy