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The Organization Development of Mainland China's Non-state-Owned Enterprises¡ÐA View of Governance Mechanism and Transaction CostsHuang, Ya-Lin 21 August 2000 (has links)
Based upon the view that changes in institutional environment have an effect on transaction attributes, which will make anew the choice of economic organization, the purpose of the thesis is to explain the organization development and structure change of Mainland China's non-state-owned enterprises. It tries to modify O. E. Williamson's theory of governance structure in order to theorize China's economy more suitably.
More importantly, the thesis describes a specific dimension of transaction ¡Ðthe need for "political reliance" in the transitional economy, with which we supplement and/or on substitute Williamson's (1999) concept of "probity". We find out that the need for political reliance in stead of probity, is the key to understanding why and which kind of governance mechanism is more "efficient" in managing transaction in Mainland China's non-state-owned section.
The theory we establish is applied to explaining the organization development and structure change of Mainland China's non-state-owned interprises, which have experienced different need of political reliance in different stages of China's economic reform. Especially suitable for the theory to explain is about the surge and fall of the unique form of organization, i.e. the so-called "Gua-kau"(±¾¾a) enterprises. The thesis also predicts the tendency of structure change in Mainland China's non-state-owned seitor by using the same theory.
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Symbolic Capital and the Reproduction of Inequality in Today's ChinaFang, Lumin 01 November 2019 (has links)
Die Dissertation versucht herauszufinden, ob Ungleichheiten im reformierten China aus dem vergangenen staatssozialistischen System heraus reproduziert werden und wie in diesem Falle diese Reproduktion von Ungleichheit funktioniert. Die soziokulturelle Perspektive erlaubt eine Interpretation von Ungleichheit als ungleiche Verteilung symbolischen Kapitals, was konkret heißt, dass die strukturelle Ursache für Ungleichheit in der symbolischen Vermittlung menschlichen Handelns liegt. Die symbolische Vermittlung über den Habitus wurde von Pierre Bourdieu systematisch untersucht, um die Funktionsweise der Reproduktion von Ungleichheiten zu erklären. Als Ausdruck der Logik menschlichen Handelns, welches durch Wissen und Erfahrung in einer symbolischen Welt entsteht, organisiert der Habitus das menschliche Handeln, um die Bedingungen seines Entstehens zu reproduzieren. Im Falle Chinas seit Beginn der Reformpolitik sind Hierarchien des staatssozialistischen Systems in Form von post-transformativen symbolischen Ungleichheiten erhalten geblieben. Diese Strukturen werden in der Dissertation als eine sozialistische Soziokultur definiert, die menschliches Handeln im veränderten Umfeld des Marktes vermittelt. Die sozialistische hierarchische Ordnung differenziert chinesische Bürger entlang der Trennlinien sozialistischen symbolischen Kapitals. Die Ergebnisse der multiple correspondence analysis zeigen, dass sowohl im Kontext des urbanen als auch des ländlichen Chinas die Beständigkeit des staatssozialistischen hierarchischen Systems eine wichtige Rolle für die heutige soziale Struktur spielt. Auf den Ergebnissen der quantitativen Forschung, die menschliches Handeln wird in der meritokratischen Gesellschaft durch sozialistische hierarchische Vermächtnisse symbolisch ausgehandelt. Gleichzeitig funktioniert die Persistenz des Habitus des staatssozialistischen hierarchischen Systems als unsichtbarer Mechanismus der Reproduktion von Ungleichheiten im China der Reformpolitik. / This study specifically aims to explore whether or not inequality in today's China is reproduced from the historical state-socialist class system and, if so, how the reproduction of inequality happens. The sociocultural perspective allows for the interpretation of inequality as an unequal distribution of symbolic capital, which reveals that the symbolic mediation of human practice is the structural root of inequality. This symbolically mediated practice is called habitus, which has been systematically developed by Pierre Bourdieu and utilized to explain how the reproduction of inequality happens. As the embodied logic of human practice that is acquired from knowledge and experience within a symbolic world, habitus organizes human practice to seek out and reproduce the conditions from which the habitus has developed. With regard to the case of China in this dissertation, some state-socialist hierarchical arrangements are maintained in the form of symbolic inequalities under reform, and are defined together as a socialist socioculture that is hypothesized to mediate human practice in a market environment. These socialist hierarchical arrangements distinguish Chinese citizens along the lines of socialist symbolic capital. Empirically, the results of multiple correspondence analysis demonstrate that in both rural and urban China, the persistence of the state-socialist hierarchical system plays an important role in informing the social structure, even with the rise of emerging classes. Following the findings from the quantitative research, it was found that human practice in a meritocratic society is symbolically mediated by the socialist hierarchical legacies. Meanwhile, the maintenance of habitus acquired from the state-socialist hierarchical system is an invisible mechanism for reproducing inequality under reform.
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