Sesshu Toyo (1420-1506) was a preeminent Japanese monk painter who journeyed to China in the mid-fifteenth century. This thesis focuses on a diptych of landscape paintings by Sesshu Toyo, Autumn and Winter Landscapes (Shutou sansui zu), to analyze how Sesshu; selectively synthesized traditions of Chinese painting tradition that had already been established in Japan and the art conventions he discovered in fifteenth-century China. To contextualize this topic, this thesis explores the revival of the Southern Song (1127-1279) painting tradition which had impacts on both contemporary Chinese painters and landscape painters in Japan during the fifteenth century. I also analyze the culture of Japanese Zen monastics and their art-related activities and the transformation of Southern Song painting traditions within China in the early Ming period (later half of the fourteenth century-first half of the fifteenth century).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Princeton University, 1990. / Photocopy does not include plates. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 349-376).

abstract: The turmoil that China endured during the twentieth century triggered a series of social and political revolutions. As China struggled to resolve domestic questions of dynasticism or democracy and nationalism or communism, Western industrialization and imperialism dragged China rapidly into the globalizing world. Likewise, Chinese painting had to confront the West, as Chinese artists dealt with the twentieth-century version of the recurring question of modernizing Chinese painting for its times: how does one reconcile an ancient painting tradition with all the possibilities Western interactions introduced? This dissertation focuses on one artist's lifelong struggle, often overlooked, to answer this question. By examining C. C. Wang (1907-2003) and his life in art, this case study reveals broader truths about how twentieth century Chinese diaspora painters, such as Wang, modernized the tradition of Chinese ink painting. Wang's reputation as a connoisseur of ancient Chinese painting has overshadowed his own artwork, creating a dearth of research on his artistic development. Using public and private sources, this dissertation applied stylistic analysis to track this development. The analysis reveals an artist's lifelong endeavor to establish a style that would lift the Chinese painting tradition into a modern era, an endeavor inspired by modern Western art ideas and a desire to play a role in the larger movement of elevating Chinese painting. The argument is made that these efforts establish Wang as an influential twentieth century Chinese ink painter. To clarify Wang's role within the broader movement of Chinese diaspora painters, this dissertation employs a comparison study of Wang with such established twentieth century ink painting artists as Zhang Daqian, Liu Guosong, and Yu Chengyao. It is asserted that the 1949 diaspora forced this cohort of artists to adjust their style and to transcend traditional Chinese painting by integrating newly-salient ideas from Western art, particularly the abstract movement. Meanwhile, the essential Chinese identity in their art collectively became more significant. The solidarity of purpose and identity is a distinctive part of the answer this group of twentieth century Chinese diaspora painters proposed to their generation's inherited challenge of enriching the tradition. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Art History 2014

En Chine, à partir du XXe siècle, une tentative de modernisation dans la peinture chinoise ne cesse de la rapprocher de l‘Occident. Cette modernité, pour des artistes chinois, passe par l‘étude de la science et de la technique en Occident. Car l‘art en Occident est depuis longtemps lié à la science, fondé sur une technique et considéré comme une imitation du monde réel par la représentation de la perspective, de la couleur, de la lumière et de l‘ombre. En revanche, l‘art en Chine, de sa naissance à son autonomie, s‘est développé à partir d‘une interaction mutuelle, de l‘image de la nature : (la montagne, la forêt, la rivière...) et de la philosophie, la littérature, la poésie, la calligraphie… Du fait qu‘une expression due sentimentale aux artistes lettrés s‘attache à la fusion de l‘harmonie entre l‘homme et la nature. Mais, comment est-ce que ces deux notions, de l‘héritage traditionnel et de la modernité occidentale, s‘articulent-elles dans l‘art chinois lors de l‘introduction de la science et la technique de l‘art occidental ? La fréquentation de l‘occident par les artistes chinois le conduit-il à un rejet de ses propres valeurs au profit d‘une occidentalisation ? Ou bien une fusion s‘est-elle manifestée, fondant un art académique chinois ? Enfin, comment la synthèse chinoise de l‘art occidental et de la tradition traverse-t-elle les bouleversements politiques de la Chine au XXe siècle ? / In China, from the twentieth century, in an attempt to modernize Chinese painting isn't stopping to get closer to the West. This modernity, for Chinese artists, passes through the study of science and technology in the West. But how do these two concepts, the traditional legacy and Western modernity, have articulated in modern Chinese painting? A frequentation of the West by the Chinese Artistes has entrained a rejection of its own values in favour of Westernization? Or a merger has been manifested, founding a Chinese academic art? Finally, how the synthesis of Chinese and Western art tradition has crossed the political upheavals of the twentieth century in China?

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Berkely, 1987. / Illustrations of the original dissertation are not included. Includes bibliographical references (p. 283-294).

abstract: This dissertation is the first detailed and extensive study dedicated to the life and art of the master artist and scholar-official Chen Rong (active 13th century), and offers an expanded analysis of his most famous work, the Nine Dragons scroll (1244). It provides a reconstruction of Chen Rong's biography, character and political career, and discusses his significance and impact in the study of Chinese painting during the late Southern Song dynasty (1127-1279) and beyond, by highlighting the reception and interpretation of the Nine Dragons scroll in the past and in modern times. This is achieved by addressing writings such as eulogies, poems and commentary about Chen Rong by his contemporaries and later biographers, and also analysis of recent works by contemporary Chinese artists that reinterpret Chen Rong's Nine Dragons motif directly. In addition to offering an expanded reading and interpretation of Chen Rong's inscriptions on the Nine Dragons scroll and inscriptions by subsequent viewers of the scroll, this study sheds light on the artistic context, significance, and historical development of dragons and dragon painting in China. This dissertation also offers the first full English transcription and translation of Emperor Qianlong's inscription on the Nine Dragons scroll, and that of his eight officials. Furthermore, this dissertation includes two detailed appendices; one is a detailed appendix of all of Chen Rong's paintings documented to exist today, and the second is a list of paintings attributed to Chen Rong that have been mentioned in historical documents that no longer appear extant. This interdisciplinary study provides insight into the processes that influence how an artist's work is transformed beyond his time to that of legendary status. This clarification of Chen Rong's biography and artistic activity, particularly with respect to his most famous work the Nine Dragons scroll, contributes to modern scholarship by providing an expanded understanding of Chen Rong's life and art, which in turn, adjusts prevailing perceptions of his life and work. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Art History 2012

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This report discusses the design, development, and evaluation of a Chinese painting instructional project. The project discussed in this report introduces the novel idea of developing specific calligraphy skills in order to improve Chinese painting skills within a restricted time period (1-3 hours). The results show differences that are statistically significant between the pre and post test paintings created by 23 subjects from both the high school and the university level. The results of the evaluations can be found in the results section of this report. This report consists of a literature review, a project description, a description of the methodology used in the design project, evaluation results, and the full Chinese bamboo painting instructional material named Founding Chinese Bamboo Painting in Calligraphy: The Fourfold Approach (provided in Appendix A).