published_or_final_version / Linguistics / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

本文重點在於提出框式結構理論的增補原則，指出語義「冗餘」性體現在語義內涵的大小差異，針對同一對象的兩個成份，較具體成份層級高於較抽象成份，這稱為框式結構的「『冗餘』成份假設」。在粤語實際情況中，後置成份是較抽象成份，有較寬廣的語義指稱，前置成份是較具體成份，指稱比較直接。 語例方面，後置的「嚟、住、咋、啫、咁滯」比對應的前置成份更抽象。「嚟」表示過去時，對應的「正話、啱啱」表示一個過去時間點；「住」表示靜態的時間間隔，「暫時」是提供靜態間隔的時段；「咋 、啫 」表示各種限制，「淨係」表示指義限制，「咁滯」約量動態、靜態謂語的狀態，「差唔多」約量動態謂語的達成階段。本文認為以上假設的句法意義在於前置成份層級高於後置成份，前後置成份不一定組成一個狹義的短語，但在展現局部性的孤島內，兩者保持固定層階關係。較具體成份的指稱未定，較抽象成份指稱也不能定下來，這是兩者層階固定的原因。前後置成份的內涵差異跟兩者句法性質有關，前置成份是修飾語。根據傳統方案，後置成份是功能詞短語的中心語，是表示關係的成份 ，而根據最新理論，後置成份是廣義的謂語。按照新近的方案，粤語後置成份的大量出現有其類型學依據，反映更廣泛的語際差異。前後置成份的語義差異，可視為修飾語與中心語或謂語的差異所致。本文最終目標是指出互補作用是上述關係的必然結果，後置成份補充前置成份沒有的語義，前置成份使後置成份未明確的指稱明確化，如「正話、暫時」指出後置成份的時間，「齋、淨係、差唔多」指出後置成份的焦點。粤語前後置成份的共現讓互補作用減少聽話者從語言外推斷語義的需要。從信息角度看，框式結構減輕了理解的負擔。 / The major focus of this thesis is to offer supplementary principles for the theory of discontinuous constructions. It indicates that semantic "redundancy" is embodied in the intensional variation. For the two elements acting upon the same target, the more specific one is at a higher hierarchy level than the more abstract one. This is known as the "Hypothesis for 'Redundant' Elements" with regard to the theory of discontinuous constructions. In the case of Cantonese, the postverbal elements are more abstract and have a wider scope of reference, whereas the preverbal elements are more specific and their reference is more direct. For example, postverbal lai4, zyu6, zaa3, ze1 and gam3zai6 are more abstract than their preverbal counterparts: lai4 indicates the past time, and the corresponding zing3waa6 and ngaam1ngaam1 indicate a past time point; zyu6 indicates a stative time interval, and zaam6si4 offers a duration for this stative interval; zaa3 and ze1 are restrictive in various dimensions, and zing6hai6 indicates restriction in the denotative sense; gam3zai6 approximates on the state of dynamic and stative predicates, and caa1m4do1 approximates on the stage of achievement of dynamic predicates. As for the syntactic implications, it is argued that the preverbal elements are hierarchically higher than the postverbal elements, but they do not necessarily form a phrase in the strict sense. However, within an island exhibiting locality, they have a fixed hierarchical relation. This is because the reference of the more abstract element cannot be determined before the reference of the more specific one is determined. Intensional variation between the preverbal and postverbal elements relates to their syntactic nature. The preverbal element is an adjunct. In accordance with traditional accounts, the postverbal element is the head of a functional phrase indicating relations. In line with the recent theories, the postverbal element is a predicate in the broad sense. The recent proposals explain from the typological perspective the emergence of extensive postverbal elements in Cantonese, which is a reflection of the broader cross-linguistic variation. Semantic differences between preverbal and postverbal elements can be translated as the differences between adjuncts and heads or predicates. The ultimate goal of this thesis is to highlight the certainty of the resulting complementation effect. The postverbal elements offer the missing sense for the preverbal ones, and the preverbal elements specify the underspecified reference of the postverbal ones: zing3waa6 and zaam6si4 indicate the time, whereas zaai1, zing6hai6 and caa1m4do1 indicate the focus. The co-occurrence of Cantonese preverbal and postverbal elements alleviates the necessity for the listeners to infer from outside the language. From the informational point of view, the discontinuous constructions reduce the burden of interpretation. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 鄭兆邦. / Parallel title from added title page. / Thesis (Ph.D.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2015. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 327-346). / Abstracts also in English. / Zheng Zhaobang.