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Characterization of a Chlamydomonas protein involved in cell division and autophagyTenenboim, Yehezkel January 2014 (has links)
The contractile vacuole (CV) is an osmoregulatory organelle found exclusively in algae and protists. In addition to expelling excessive water out of the cell, it also expels ions and other metabolites and thereby contributes to the cell's metabolic homeostasis. The interest in the CV reaches beyond its immediate cellular roles. The CV's function is tightly related to basic cellular processes such as membrane dynamics and vesicle budding and fusion; several physiological processes in animals, such as synaptic neurotransmission and blood filtration in the kidney, are related to the CV's function; and several pathogens, such as the causative agents of sleeping sickness, possess CVs, which may serve as pharmacological targets. The green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has two CVs. They are the smallest known CVs in nature, and they remain relatively untouched in the CV-related literature. Many genes that have been shown to be related to the CV in other organisms have close homologues in C. reinhardtii. We attempted to silence some of these genes and observe the effect on the CV. One of our genes, VMP1, caused striking, severe phenotypes when silenced. Cells exhibited defective cytokinesis and aberrant morphologies. The CV, incidentally, remained unscathed. In addition, mutant cells showed some evidence of disrupted autophagy. Several important regulators of the cell cycle as well as autophagy were found to be underexpressed in the mutant. Lipidomic analysis revealed many meaningful changes between wild-type and mutant cells, reinforcing the compromised-autophagy observation. VMP1 is a singular protein, with homologues in numerous eukaryotic organisms (aside from fungi), but usually with no relatives in each particular genome. Since its first characterization in 2002 it has been associated with several cellular processes and functions, namely autophagy, programmed cell-death, secretion, cell adhesion, and organelle biogenesis. It has been implicated in several human diseases: pancreatitis, diabetes, and several types of cancer. Our results reiterate some of the observations in VMP1's six reported homologues, but, importantly, show for the first time an involvement of this protein in cell division. The mechanisms underlying this involvement in Chlamydomonas, as well as other key aspects, such as VMP1's subcellular localization and interaction partners, still await elucidation. / Die kontraktile Vakuole ist ein osmoregulatorisches Organell, das ausschließlich in Algen und Protisten vorkommt. Zusätzlich zu ihrer Rolle als Ausstoßer überflüßigen Wassers aus der Zelle heraus, stößt sie auch Ionen und andere Metaboliten aus, und trägt dabei zur metabolischen Homöostase der Zelle bei. Das Interesse an der kontraktilen Vakuole erstreckt sich über seine unmittelbare zelluläre Rolle hinaus. Die Funktion der kontraktilen Vakuole ist mit einigen grundsätzlichen zellulären Verfahren, wie Membrandynamik und Vesikelknospung und -fusion, verwandt; einige physiologische Verfahren in Tieren, zum Beispiel synaptische Neurotransmission und das Filtrieren des Blutes in den Nieren, sind mit der Funktion der Vakuole eng verwandt; und einige Pathogene—der Ursacher der Schlafkrankheit als Beispiel—besitzen kontraktile Vakuolen, die als Ziele von Medikamenten dienen könnten. Die grüne Alge Chlamydomonas reinhardtii verfügt über zwei Vakuolen. Sie sind die kleinsten bekannten in der Natur, und bleiben bisher verhältnismäßig unerforscht. Viele Gene, die in anderen Organismen als kontraktile-Vakuole-bezogen erwiesen wurden, haben Homologe in C. reinhardtii. Wir versuchten, diese Gene auszuschalten und den Einfluss auf die Vakuole zu beobachten. Die Ausschaltung eines unserer Gene, VMP1, verursachte starke, beachtliche Phänotype. Die Zellen zeigten gestörte Zytokinese und aberrante Zellformen. Die kontraktile Vakuole blieb jedoch verschont. Des Weiteren zeigten Mutantzellen einige Hinweise auf gestörte Autophagie. Einige wichtige Gene des Zellzyklus und der Autophagie waren unterexprimiert in Mutantzellen. Lipidomische Analyse zeigte mehrere bedeutsame Unterschiede zwischen Wildtyp und Mutant, die die Beobachtungen der gestörten Autophagie verstärkten. VMP1 ist ein singularisches Protein, mit Homologen in zähligen eukaryotischen Organismen (jedoch nicht in Pilzen), aber üblicherweise ohne Verwandte in den jeweiligen Genomen. Seit seiner Erstcharakterisierung 2002 wurde es mit etlichen zellulären Verfahren, wie Autophagie, programmiertem Zelltod, Sekretion, Zelladhäsion, und Biogenese der Organellen, assoziiert. Es wurde auch mit einigen menschlichen Krankheiten wie Diabetes, Pankreatitis, und einigen Arten von Krebs in Verbindung gebracht. Unsere Ergebnisse wiederholen einige Beobachtungen in anderen Organismen, zeigen dennoch zum ersten Mal eine Beteiligung von VMP1 an der Zellteilung. Die unterliegenden Mechanismen dieser Beteiligung in Chlamydomonas, sowie andere wichtige Aspekte, etwa die subzelluläre Lokalisierung von VMP1 und dessen Interaktionspartner, warten noch auf Aufklärung.
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Ortsgerichtete Rekombination in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii am Beispiel des Cre/lox-SystemsMägdefrau, Marion January 2007 (has links)
Regensburg, Univ., Diss., 2007
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Determining the binding partners of PKA in the axoneme of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii flagellaBoateng, Lindsy R. January 2009 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--La Crosse, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 74-80)
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The expression of ABC genes in chlamydomonas reinhardtii under different growth conditions /Niu, Weiran. January 2004 (has links)
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 89-96). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
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Energy storage in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii measured with photoacoustic techniquesYan, Chengyi, Unknown Date (has links)
Thesis (M.S.)--Rutgers University, 2009. / "Graduate Program in Oceanography." Includes bibliographical references (p. 22-27).
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Determining the binding partners of PKA in the axoneme of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii flagella /Boateng, Lindsy R. January 2009 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin -- La Crosse, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 74-80)
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The group I ribozyme from the chloroplast rRNA gene of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii : kinetic and structural analysis of the divalent metal requirement and specific interactions with manganese (II) /Kuo, Tai-chih, January 1998 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 1998. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 212-225). Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.
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Brownian dynamics study of cytochrome f / Rieske interactions with cytochrome c₆ and plastocyaninHaddadian, Esmael Jafari. January 2005 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005. / Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xxiii, 184 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 169-184). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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CHLAMY 1, ein circadianes RNS-Bindeprotein aus Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Isolierung, Klonierung der Gene und phylogenetische Analysen /Schneid, Claudia. Unknown Date (has links) (PDF)
Universiẗat, Diss., 2002--München.
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Modification of Electron Transfer Proteins in the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Chloroplast for Alternative Fuel DevelopmentJanuary 2013 (has links)
abstract: There is a critical need for the development of clean and efficient energy sources. Hydrogen is being explored as a viable alternative to fuels in current use, many of which have limited availability and detrimental byproducts. Biological photo-production of H2 could provide a potential energy source directly manufactured from water and sunlight. As a part of the photosynthetic electron transport chain (PETC) of the green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, water is split via Photosystem II (PSII) and the electrons flow through a series of electron transfer cofactors in cytochrome b6f, plastocyanin and Photosystem I (PSI). The terminal electron acceptor of PSI is ferredoxin, from which electrons may be used to reduce NADP+ for metabolic purposes. Concomitant production of a H+ gradient allows production of energy for the cell. Under certain conditions and using the endogenous hydrogenase, excess protons and electrons from ferredoxin may be converted to molecular hydrogen. In this work it is demonstrated both that certain mutations near the quinone electron transfer cofactor in PSI can speed up electron transfer through the PETC, and also that a native [FeFe]-hydrogenase can be expressed in the C. reinhardtii chloroplast. Taken together, these research findings form the foundation for the design of a PSI-hydrogenase fusion for the direct and continuous photo-production of hydrogen in vivo. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Biochemistry 2013
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