No description available.

Chromatin Assembly Factor 1 (CAF-1) is the only known replication dependant histone chaperone, responsible for the deposition of the histone H3/H4 tetramer onto DNA. Found in all eukaryotes, CAF-1 consists of three subunits, p150, p60 and p48. Since its identification work on CAF-1 has mainly focused on in vivo studies due to the lack of a reliable method to produce large quantities of recombinant protein for biochemical studies. Herein the cloning, production and purification of the three subunits of recombinant CAF-1 is described. The proteins were expressed as complexes and individually in insect cells and Escherichia coli, optimised protocols are described for maximum protein recovery and purity. Constructs of p150 and p60 were also produced and used to analyse the binding regions and modes of both the p48 and p60 proteins to p150. It is shown that the two smaller subunits of CAF-1 do not interact in the absence of p150 and that the p150 subunit of CAF-1 acts as a scaffold for assembly of the complex, binding directly to both p48 and p60. The stoichiometry of the CAF-1 complex was also investigated and a basis for further work, including structural studies, discussed.

No description available.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Virginia, 2008. / Title from title page. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online through Digital Dissertations.

Thesis (Ph.D. in Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics) -- University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, 2006. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 169-185). Free to UCD Anschutz Medical Campus. Online version available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations;

No description available.

No description available.

La réplication des chromosomes est altérée par les facteurs endogènes et/ou exogènes qui perturbent la progression des fourches de réplication. Les cellules doivent donc coordonner la synthèse d’ADN avec des mécanismes assurant la stabilité et le rétablissement des fourches bloquées. La recombinaison homologue (RH) est un mécanisme universel qui permet la réparation de l’ADN et participe au maintien de la réplication des chromosomes. Néanmoins, les mécanismes qui régulent la RH, notamment la RH ectopique versus la RH allélique, restent mal compris. Un autre mécanisme essentiel assurant la stabilité des génomes est l’assemblage de l’ADN néo-synthétisé autour de nucléosomes, conduisant à la constitution de fibres chromatiniennes nécessaires à l’organisation structurale du matériel génétique. Chez Saccharomyces cerevisiae, des défauts d’assemblage de la chromatine conduisent à une instabilité des fourches de réplication et augmentent le taux de RH. Sachant que les chaperonnes d’histones jouent un rôle crucial durant l’assemblage de la chromatine, j'ai décidé de me concentrer sur le rôle de la chaperonne d’histones H3-H4 appelé Chromatin Assembly Factor 1 (CAF-1) dans les mécanismes de RH, chez Schizosaccharomyces pombe. En effet, la RH est associée à une étape de synthèse de l’ADN, et peu de choses sont connues sur l’assemblage de la chromatine au cours de cette synthèse. Mes résultats ont exclu un rôle de CAF-1 dans la recombinaison allelique et le maintien de la stabilité des fourches de réplication. Par contre, CAF-1 joue un rôle important dans les mécanismes de recombinaisons ectopique et dans la formation de réarrangements chromosomiques induits par des blocages de fourches. Mes données suggèrent un modèle selon lequel CAF-1 permet la stabilisation d’intermédiaires de recombinaison précoces (D-loop), via le dépôt de nucleosomes au cours de l’extension par polymérisation de ces intermédiaires. Ainsi CAF-1 neutralise la dissociation des intermédiaires de recombinaison précoces par l’ADN helicase Rqh1. CAF-1 ferait partie d'un équilibre qui règle la stabilité/dissociation des intermédiaires de recombinaison précoces. J'ai montré que le rôle de CAF-1 dans cet équilibre a une importance toute particulière pendant la recombinaison non-allelique, révélant ainsi un nouveau niveau de régulation des mécanismes de RH par l'assemblage de la chromatine. / The replication of chromosomes can be challenged by endogenous and environmental factors, interfering with the progression of replication forks. Therefore, cells have to coordinate DNA synthesis with mechanisms ensuring the stability and the recovery of halted forks. Homologous recombination (HR) is a universal mechanism that supports DNA repair and the robustness of DNA replication. Nonetheless, mechanisms regulating HR pathways, such as ectopic versus allelic recombination, remain poorly understood. Another essential pathway for genome stability is the wrapping of newly replicated DNA around nucleosomes, leading to the constitution of a chromatin fibre, which allows the structural organization of the genetic material. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, deficiencies in chromatin assembly pathways lead to replication forks instability and consequent increase in the rate of HR. Histone chaperones play a crucial role during chromatin assembly, thus I decided to focus on the H3-H4 histone chaperone Chromatin Assembly Factor 1 (CAF-1), to study its role in HR processes in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Indeed, HR includes a DNA synthesis step and little is known about the associated chromatin assembly. My data excluded a role for CAF-1 in allelic recombination and in the maintenance of forks stability. However, CAF-1 was found to play an important role during ectopic recombination, in promoting chromosomal rearrangements induced by halted replication forks. My data support a model according to which CAF-1 allows the stabilization of early recombination intermediates (D-loop), via nucleosome deposition during the elongation of these intermediates. Doing so, CAF-1 counteracts the dissociation of early recombination intermediates by the helicase Rqh1. Therefore, CAF-1 appears to be part of an equilibrium that regulates stability/dissociation of early steps of recombination events. Importantly, I found that the role of CAF-1 in this equilibrium is of particular importance during non-allelic recombination, revealing a novel regulation level of HR mechanisms and outcomes by chromatin assembly.

The replication of chromosomes can be challenged by endogenous and environmental factors, interfering with the progression of replication forks. Therefore, cells have to coordinate DNA synthesis with mechanisms ensuring the stability and the recovery of halted forks. Homologous recombination (HR) is a universal mechanism that supports DNA repair and the robustness of DNA replication. Nonetheless, mechanisms regulating HR pathways, such as ectopic versus allelic recombination, remain poorly understood. Another essential pathway for genome stability is the wrapping of newly replicated DNA around nucleosomes, leading to the constitution of a chromatin fibre, which allows the structural organization of the genetic material. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, deficiencies in chromatin assembly pathways lead to replication forks instability and consequent increase in the rate of HR. Histone chaperones play a crucial role during chromatin assembly, thus I decided to focus on the H3-H4 histone chaperone Chromatin Assembly Factor 1 (CAF-1), to study its role in HR processes in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Indeed, HR includes a DNA synthesis step and little is known about the associated chromatin assembly. My data excluded a role for CAF-1 in allelic recombination and in the maintenance of forks stability. However, CAF-1 was found to play an important role during ectopic recombination, in promoting chromosomal rearrangements induced by halted replication forks. My data support a model according to which CAF-1 allows the stabilization of early recombination intermediates (D-loop), via nucleosome deposition during the elongation of these intermediates. Doing so, CAF-1 counteracts the dissociation of early recombination intermediates by the helicase Rqh1. Therefore, CAF-1 appears to be part of an equilibrium that regulates stability/dissociation of early steps of recombination events. Importantly, I found that the role of CAF-1 in this equilibrium is of particular importance during non-allelic recombination, revealing a novel regulation level of HR mechanisms and outcomes by chromatin assembly.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2008. / Title from first page of PDF file (viewed Feb. 13, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-93).